GERMANY. 



fhe prmc'ipaFity of Scliwerm; !(>, tlie principality of and the Oder, Kinking am«ng the largeft and mofl, noble 



Ratzeburg; 17, tlio county of Ranzau ; t8, the free im- rivers of Europe. 



perial cities of Liibeck, Goflar, Miihlhaufcii, Nordhaiifon, The number of mineral fprlngs and bathn exceeds one 



Hamburg, and Bremen. thoufand ; the moll; famous are Carlihad and Eyra, in Bo- 



The following countries, without forming part of any of hf"ila ; Warmbrunn, in Silefia ; Toplitz, in Auitria ; Heil- 



the nine circles, were likewlfe confidered as belonging to hronn, in Bavaria ; Wifbaden and Seltzer, in the circle of 

 the German empire ; v'l^. I , the kingdom of 



ngmg 

 Bohemia ; 

 2, the marggraviate of Moravia ; 3, the marggraviate of 

 Upper Lufatia ; 4, that of Lower L\ifatia ; 5, the duchy 

 of Silefia ; 6, the county of Montbelliard ; 7, the three 

 circles of the immediate Knights of the Empire, in Suabia, 

 Franconia, and on ^he Rhine ; 8, the lordfliips of Afch 

 and WafTerburg, the convent of Schonthal, the burggra- 

 Tiate of Freudenberg, the barony of Horilgen, the abbey 

 of Cappenberg, that of Elten, the lordlhip of Rheda, the 

 abbey of Burfcheid, the lordihip of Jever, the barony of 

 Knlphaufeu, the lordfliips of Dyk, Mechernich, Schonau, 

 Wylre, Richold, Stein, Dreyfs, Landllvron, Rhade, Saf- 

 fenberg, Schaumburg, Oberftein, the county of Homburgh, 

 and the barony of Schauen. The German empire had 

 alfo feveral fiefs in Italy. 



The climate and temperature of Germany mufl. in gene- 

 ral be acknowledged to be temperate, yet it Is conliderably 

 milder In the fouthern than in the northern parts, where the 

 winter Is fome^imes extremely fevere, and of long duration. 

 Tlie air, however, is every where fercne and healthy, except 

 in a few low marlliy places towards the North fea. The 

 ▼ine thrives, and yields excellent wine, In all the fouth- 

 •weftern parts. The falubrity of the climate may likewife 

 l>e inferred from the longevity of the iuhabitauts, fonie of 

 whom arrive to a very great age. 



There Is perhaps no country in Europe in which the foil 

 ♦ariei more than In Germany. Sandy plains and barren 

 heaths predominate In the north -eaft, and fwamps and marflies 

 in the north-weft : but fome of tlie interior and fouth- 

 weftern parts have an uncommonly fei-tile foil, and great at- 

 tention is generally paid to its improvement. The fouth 

 and the fouth-eaft fide Is the moft mountainous. Bohemia 

 is feparated from Silefia by the Rleli-n Geburge, or the 

 Giants' mountains. Towards Hungary are the Carpathian 

 ■mountains ; towards Italy the Alps. In the Interior parts 

 are the Schwarzwald, (black forelt,) the Rauhe Alb, the 

 Ertzgeburgc, theFIchtelberg, the Harz, orHercynian foreft, 

 whofe higheft fummit, the Broeken, is only 3580 feet above 

 the level of the Mediterranean fea. 1 n ancient times Ger- 

 many was covered with forefts, chiefly of oak, birch, pine, 

 fir, larch, and a(h trees. Though they have been confiderably 

 thinned, and Immenfe tratts of them converted Into tillage, 

 there are yet fome very large woods, as the Spefiart, the 

 Schwartzwald, the Hartzwald, and the Thurlngerwald. 



The extent of fea-coall on the North fea is not much 

 above 150 Englilh miles, and oh the Baltic about 500 Eng- 

 lllh miles. The principal lakes are the Boden fee, or 

 lake of Conftance, in Swabia, which forms one of the bound- 

 aries towards Switzerland ; the Chiem fee, in Bavaria ; the 

 GIrnltzer fee. In Auftrla ; the lakes of Damm, Neuwarp, 

 Madue, and Wilm, in Pomerania ; thofe of Wcrbellln, 

 Uckerfee, Parftein, Schwieluch and Ruppin, in Branden- 

 burg ; the Dammer fee, in the county of Diepholtz, be- 



the Upper Rhine ; Freyenwalde, in Brandenburg ; Dobbe- 

 ran.m Mecklenburg ; Lauchftedt, in Saxony; and Pyrmont, 

 in Weftphalia. 



As almoft all climates, or at lead ail temperatures and 

 foils, are to be met with in Germany, it abounds in almoft 

 all produftions of nature and their varieties, and chiefly in 

 all kinds of corn : flax of excellent quality, hemp, hops, 

 tobacco, madders, faffron, rape-f.-ed, rhubarb, excellent 

 garden vegetables and orchard fruits ; wine, in greated per- 

 fediou on the banks of the Rhine, Mayne, Mofclle, and 

 Neckar. The agriculture of Germany has been confider- 

 ably improved of late by the efforts of Mr. Thair and 

 other patriotic writers. In the rearing of cattle and fliecp 

 Germany is, however, greatly deficient. The breed of 

 horfes, except in Mecklenburg, Eaft Friefiand, Oldenburg, 

 Holllelii, and fome parts of Hanover and Wirtemberg, is 

 very indifferent. The number of o.'^cn Is not fuflicient cither 

 for agricultural purpofes or for confumption. The beft 

 breed is in Eaft Friefland, Oldenburg, and Holftein. The 

 number of flieep does not exceed thirteen or fourteen mil- 

 lions. The Spanidi breed has been naturalized in fome part* 

 of the Pruftlan and Saxon dominions. The breed of hogs u 

 much negleftcd ; that of goats Is encouraged in the moun- 

 tainous parts, where they alfo rear afles and mules. The 

 forefts are ftocked with wild boars, flags, deer, and hare^ 

 Poultry is abundant. Salted and fmoked gcefe, and goofe 

 quiUs, are exported from Mecklenburg and Pomerania. 

 Some parts of Germany are remarkable for fine larks and 

 thruflies, of a delicious flavour. Otliers abound with fingin^ 

 birds, particularly Canary birds and goldfinches, which are 

 exported to almoft every country of Europe. Bees are leii 

 attended to than in ancient times. Silkworms are reared 

 with particular care In fome of the fouthern, and evea north- 

 ern diftrlfts. 



Of the mineral productions of Germany, gold forms tVe 

 moft inconfiderable part, fmall particles of it are found in 

 the Rhine, the Danube, tlie Elbe, and the Saale. Silver it 

 more plentiful ; its annual produce exceeds 2CO,ooo marks, 

 that of copper amounts to 100,000 cwts. The fupply of 

 tin from tlie mines is ftifficient for home confumption. Iroa 

 of a very good quahty, lead, quickfilver, cobalt, arfenic, 

 and zinc are in great abundance. Beiides topazes, amethyfts, 

 cornelians, agate, ferpentine, and other rare Itoncs, Germany- 

 has large quarries of curious marble, and capital mill and 

 burr ftones. It abounds with various forts of fine earth, 

 fuch as tripoli and porcelain eai"th, chiefly in the circle of 

 Mifnia in the kingdom of Saxony; terra figillata, potters* 

 clay, fvillers' earth, and others. There are fome coal mines, 

 particularly in Weflphalia, and abundance of peat mi->fs. 

 Salt is obtained in fcventy-fix fait works, of which thofe 

 near Halle, in the former duchy of Magdeburg, produce the 

 greateft quantity. There is no rock fait in Germaiir. 



The principal manufarturcs of Germany are thofe of 

 linen and woollen cloth, cotton, thread la'-e, cliina, hardware 



fides feveral fmaller ones In Mecklenburg and other parts of inferior to none but the Englilli, gbfs, tobacco and fnuff. 



■the country. 



But it is chiefly the great number of rivers, by which Ger. 

 many is interfcfted in various directions, that give it immenfe 

 advantages for trade. It counts five hundred and twenty 

 rivers in all ; fixty navigable to a great length, and fix, r.'a. 



writing paper, foap, wax, toys and trinkets, and filks, but 

 not eijual to the French. Manufafturcs flourifii nu)ft in the 

 Auflrianaad Prufiinn dominions, in Saxony, in the prefent 

 kingdom of Weftphalia, in the grand duchy of Berg, &c. 

 The towns moft remarkable for extenfive manuf.\<Jtures are 



tke Danube, the Rhine, the Mayne, the Wefer, tke Elbe, Ahoaa, Augiburg, Berlin, Bronfvick, Bremen, Caflel, 



C c 2 Chemqitz. 



