G E U 



called before the revolution, fituated in Langucdoc ; of 

 which Mende was the capital. 



GEVES, a town of Africa, fituated on a rircr of the 

 fani',' name, S.of the river St. Domingo. 



GEUL, ariver of France, which runs into the Moufe, 

 about 5 miles below Maeilricht. — Alfo, a town of France, 

 ill the department of the Lower Meufe ; 5 miles N. of 

 Wyck. 



GEUM, in Bo'.anv, is mentioned by Pliny, though we 

 learn nothiiip' from that author relpecling the derivation of 

 its name. Ambrofinus con'icdlurcs that it comes from ', a:., 

 to bcfph-ndid, bccnufe its bi.'autiful flowers and feeds are the 

 bor.il and sjlorv ot the Alps. — Avcns, or Herb-benr.et. — 

 Linn. GeiK 25(5. Schreb. 343. Willd. Sp. PL v. 2. iii^ 

 Lamarck. Illullr. t. 443. Mart. Mill. Did. v. 2. Sm. Fl. 

 Brit. 554. JuiT. 33S. Giertn. t. 74. (Caryopliyllata ; Tourii. 

 t. 151. Lamarck. Diet. V. 1.39!'.) C'afs and order, Ico- 

 funilria Poh'gynia. Nat. OrJ, Stulicofx, Linn. Rnjacciz, 



j«{r. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth of one leaf, in ten fegments, ra- 

 ther uoricrht ; the alternate fegments very fmall, acute. 

 Cor. Petals five, rounded; cb.v.-s narrow, the length of the 

 calvx, into which they are inferted. Slam. Filaments nu- 

 rneroiis, awl-ftiaped, of an equal length with the calyx, and 

 inferted into it ; anthers fliort, broadifli, obtnfe. Pi/?. Ger- 

 mens numerous, collefted into a head ; llyles infurted into the 

 fide of each germen, hairy, long ; lligmas fimple. Perk. 

 none ; common receptacle of the feeds oblung, hair)-, placed 

 on the reflexed calyx. Seeds numerous, comprelFed, rough ; 

 each tipped with the long geniculated ihle. 



EfT. Ch. Calyx in ten fegments, inferior. Petals live. 

 Seeds with a jointed awn. Receptacle columnar. 



Only fivefpecies of Geum are defcribed by Linnsus in the 

 lail edition of his Sftecies Plantanim, though in Willde- 

 now's edition we meet with eleven of this genus, of which 

 number G. iirbaiium and livale are the only Lritifn ones, and 

 to which we are enabl-d, by the afTillance of Dr. Smith, to 

 adj t'.\'0 nondcfcripts from his herbarium. 



1. G whcintiin. Common Avens, or Herb-bennet. Linn. 

 Sp. PL 716. Engl. Cot. t. 14CO. — " Leaves ternate. Sti- 

 pulas rounded and cut. Flowers ercft. Awns of the feeds 

 hooked, naked.'' — Frequent in woods and hedges, perennial, 

 flowering from i\'Iav to Augiift. The rocl is fibrous, and 

 fljgl'.tly aromatic. Stem crett, about t-wo feet high, branched 

 at the upper part, clothed with deflcxed hairs. Leaves un- 

 equally ternate, hairy, lobed and cut. St'ipulas very large. 

 Flo'u.'crs terminal, folitary, erect, yellow, with petals fliorter 

 than the c;Jvx. Seeds rathi-r hairy, with naked purplifli 

 awns. 



2. G. r'vnle. Water Avens. Linn, Sp. PL 717. Engl. Bot. 

 t. ic6. — '^ Radical leaves lyrat-e. Stipulas ovate, acute, 

 cut. Flowers drooping. Av.ns tv.'iiled and leathery." — 

 Found in meadows and moifl woods more commonly than is 

 ufually imagined, perennial, flowering in June and July., 

 i? ■;■£// fprcading, woody, aflringentand aromatic, fometimes 

 of ufc in intermittent fevers. Stem about a foot high, dr6op- 

 iifg at the top. Leaves Urate, or confufedly pinnate, fer- 

 rated, hairy. Petals ereil, never fully expanding. The 

 _general appearance of thi.s elegant fpecies, an un ivcrfai favourite 

 umongft botanills, is thus juitlv defcribed in F.nglifli Botany, 

 " the rich con-bination of the dark-green wniikled leaves, 

 v.itJ! the glowing red-brown of the ifem and calyx, and fin- 

 gularly delicate colour of the petals, added to the graceful 

 jjofition of the flowers, render this, one of tlie nsoll plclu- 

 refque of our native plants '' 



3. G. vir^inianiim. American Avcns. Linn. Sp. 'PL 716. 

 /G. canadenfe; Jacq. Hort. v. 2.^2. t. 175.} — " Stem- 



Voi. XVL 



G E U 



leaTCS ternate ; the upper ones lanceolate. Slij)uLis oblong. 



h'lovvers ereft. Awns of the feeds naked, hooked." — Na- 

 tive of North America, from whence it was ii.ticducc-d by 

 Mr. P. Miller in 1739. It is nearly allied in liabit to G. 

 vrbaimm, but the petals, which are fliorter than the calyx, 

 are white, and the whole plant is of a greener hue. Its 

 leajlets are alfo more altiniiated towards the bafe. It flowers 

 in June, and is a hnrdy perennial. Rmt inoduroius. Ra- 

 it'ical-leaves generally bipinnate. ^eeds fmootli. 



4. G.Jinaum. U])riglit Avcns. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 2. 



1 1 13. (G. alcppicum ; Jacq. Ic. Rar. v. i. 10. t. 93 ) — 

 " Stem-leaves pinnate ; leaflets ar.d liipulas cloven and cut. 

 Flowers erccl. ■ Petals longer than the calyx. Awns of 

 the feeds naked, hooked." — Native of North Am.crica. A 

 hardy perennial, flowering in June and July. Flo'd-'crt 

 yellow. Frmt hairy. The whole plant is covered witW 

 whitifli hairs. 



5. G. japonicum. Japan Avens. Willd Sp. PI. v. z. 



1 1 14. Thunb. Japon. 220. — " Leaves fimple, moftly threc- 

 lobed, fliaggy. Flowers ereft. Fruit hairy. Awns naked." 

 — There is no figure of this fpecies, which is perennial, 

 and grows in Japan. Stem round, rather more than a foot 

 high. Flc-.ucrs terminal, with petals as long as the calyx. 

 Seeds ovate, covered v>ith greyifh iiairs. 



6. G. fyrenaiciiin. Pyrenean Avens. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 2. 



11 15. (Caryopliyllata pyrenaica, amplifilm.o et rotundiciri 

 folio, nutanteflore; Tourn. Inll. 295.) — " Flowei-s drooping. 

 Petals longer than the calyx. Awns hairy. twifU-d at th» 

 bafe.'' — This is taken up by Willdenow from Tournefort, 

 and is perennial, found on the Pyrcnte.?. Its appearance if 

 fimilar to G. nva.'e, but differs in the large fixe of its radical 

 leave.";, and fliape of its awns, which ate thinly covered 

 with hairs, and naked at the top. Stem ercft, about a foot 

 and half high. Seeds very woolh-. 



7. G. allaaliawi. Avens of Mount Atlas. Willd. Sp. 

 PL V. 2. 1 1 16. Desfont. Atlant. v. i. 402. — "Lower- 

 leaves pinnate. Stem generally fingle-flowered. Fruit hairy. 

 Awn; twilled." — A native of Mount Atlas, perennial. 

 Stem nearly two feet high, fimple. Stipulas large, ovate, 

 cut. Fh-zcers yellow. This is nearly allied to G. v.onlanum, 

 but differs in having fewer leaflets, a taller ftem, and twilled, 

 not bearded, awns. 



8. G. poteniilloides. Siberian Avens. Willd. Sp. PI. 

 V. 2. 1 1 16. (Dryas gcoides ; Jacq. Hort. v. 3. 38, t. 68,)-— 

 " Leaves pinnate, toothed. Stem with about two flowers. 

 Calyx of the fruit erect. Awns ilraight, naked.'' — Native 

 of the mountains of Siberia, and introduced into Kew gar- 

 dens in 1780 by Dr, Pallas. We have it from Chelfea gar- 

 den. It flowers in June, and is a liai-dy perennial. Roi:! in- 

 odorous, but \v ith an aromatic tafte. Petals yellow, largec 

 than the divifions of the calyx. Seeds v.ith long awns. 



9. G. monlamim. Great Mountain Avcns. Linn. Sp. 

 PL 717. Jacq. Auftr. v. 4. t. 373 — "Leaves pinnate, 

 luiiry ; the outer leaflet very large, round ; the lower ones 

 regularly decreafing. Stem iingle -flowered. Awns upriglit, 

 fliaggy.'' — This, and the following fpecies (G. replems) are 

 found moll abundantly on the liigheft alps of Auilria acd 

 Switzerland, where they are extremely ornamentjj during 

 the months of July and Augull. Mount Cenis is defcribed 

 by travellers as a favourite habitat of thefe beautiful plants. 

 The root of G. monlanum is fibrous, aihingent. and fojr.ewhat 

 aromatic. Stnn round, leafy, from three or four ijiches t« 



■a foot in heiglit, erecl, generally fingle-flowered, fimple. 

 Petals roundi(h, yellow, Ixmger than the culyx. Seeds oval, 

 bn)wii, with a long feathery art'W. 



10. G. replars. Creeping Avens. Linn. Sp. PI. 717. 

 Jacq. Auih-. t. j. 38. t. app. ii. — « Leaves piiniate, cut, 



F f Lairjr, 



