G H I 



oo rival, except Hfdact, khaii ol'Gliilan, whom he forced to 

 fly from RatUt or R,i!hd, liia V'l.ice of refidcncc, and who wns 

 killed near the port of S;:ilili. In coiifequencf of thefc 

 events Akiu bi.-o.ime moiiarcli of the whole of Wcilern 

 Perfia ; and having been made an eunuch in his infancy by 

 order of Nadir Shah, he nominated for his fucccil'or his 

 nephew Baba Serdar. 



GHIjjDI, a town of Africa, on the Senegal ; 30 miles 

 N.V/. of Oallam. 



GHILON, a town of Curdiftan ; 50 miles S.S.W. of 

 Erbil 



GIIINAL A, a town and territory of Africa, on the 

 river Rio Grande, near its mouth. N. lat. ii" 15'. W. 

 long. 14' ij'. 



GHIML\, in Botany, fo named by Schreber in memory 

 of Luca Ghini, who, in the i6th century, was profefTor of 

 botany at Bologna and Pifa, in each of wliieh univrrfities 

 he, greatly improved, if he did ii;)t entirely found, the 

 botanic gardirn, and was the iird who made the fludy of 

 •botany an eflential part of mctlical education. He publiflied 

 no book himfclf, but Haller mentions the exilience of a 

 mSnufcript copy of his lectures, and he communicated many 

 things in correlpondencc to the writers of his time. Schreb. 

 19. Willd. Sp. PI. V. I. 114. Mart. Mill. Pift. v. 2. 

 Swartz. Ind. Occ. v. 2. 1087. (Tamonea ; Aubl Guian. 

 659. .TuIT. 109. Lamarck, Illuftr. t. 542. Swartz. Prod. 

 94.) — Clafs and order, Dulynamia ^ii^iofpermia. Nat. Ord. 

 Pcrfonata, Linn. J'il/ces, .luff. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianthof one leaf, tubular, permanent, 

 inferior, its orifice with five pointed fpreading teeth. Cor. 

 of one petal, irregular ; tube long, narrow ; limb of two 

 lips, the upper one largefl, roundifh, concave, alcending ; 

 lower in three deep I'oundiih fegments, the n.iddlemoil 

 larger, defle-Ked, emarginate. Stmn, Filaments four, in- 

 ferted into the tube above its bafe, two of them lunger than 

 the reft ; anthers each of two feparated oblong cells, one 

 of them terminal, fertile in the longer ftamens only, the 

 other like a little fcalc in the middle of each filament. Pi/}. 

 •Germen roundifh, fupcrior ; ftyle thread-iliaped, the length 

 of the t\ibe ; lligma four-lobed. Perk. Drup-i turbinate, 

 angular, diy, projecting beyond the permanent calyx. Nut 

 angidar, of tour or five cclb. HfeJs iolitary. 



Efl". Ch. Calyx with five (liarp fpreading teeth Corolla 

 ringent, two-lipped; tlie lower lip threc-lobed. Nut coated, 

 four-celled, inveiled with the calyx. Seeds folitary. An- 

 thers of two diilant lobes. 



Obf. We think this genus ought to be placed in Didy- 

 nam'w, along with Verbena, to which it is nearly akin, though 

 only tlie longer tlameMs appear to be perfetl ; but this may 

 be V;ariable, and cannot well be determined without repeated 

 examinations of wild Ipccin-.ens. 



1. G. fpinofa. Willd. n. 1. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 

 ^.1.45. (G. verbenacea ; S.v. Ind. Occ. v. 2. 1089. 

 Verbena curaiiavica ; Linn. Sp. PI. 28. Veronica: fimilis, 

 &c. Herm. Parad. t. 240) — "Fruit with four thorns. 

 Leaves fmooth." — Native of feveral parts of the Well 

 Indies, where Houlton and Swartz have gathered and 

 examined it. This is an annual and rather humble herba- 

 ceous plant, with a branched /ffw, ovate deeply ferrated leaves, 

 and long iooCe fpikes of fm,\ll whiti(hy7owfr.r. 



2. G. mulira. Wdld. n. 2. Sw. Ind. Occ. v. 2. T090. 

 (Tamonea fpicata ; Aubl. Guian. 660. t. 268.) — " Fruit 

 without thorns. Leaves downy." — Native of Guiana and 

 Cayenne. Much like the former, bi:t with downy leaves, 

 and an unarmcd_/>-;/i/, and the middle fegment of the lower 

 Jip of the corolla, according to Swartz, is emarginate in 

 this, eutire iu the preceding. Neither of them have mucii 



G H I 



beauty, nor any other qualities to recommend them for 

 cultivation with us in the ftove, though perhaps they might 

 be planted out for the fummer, if defirable, like other 

 tender annuals. 



GHINNA, or Ghen>.t;', in Geography, z town of 

 Egypt, on the E. fide of the Nile, oppofite to Kuft, or 

 Coptos, on the other fide, and diftant from Cofl'eir, or 

 Kofire, on the Red fea, about 90 geographical miles. N. 

 lat. 26^ 11'. E. long. 32^45'. 



GHINUE, a town of Aliatic Turkey, in Natolia ; 24 

 miles N.W. of Sinob. 



GHIO. See Kemuk. 



Gh o, a town of Africa, belonging to the Foulahs, on 

 the Senegal ; 12 miles S.W. of Goumel. 



GHIR. S -e Gin. 



GHIRGIN. SeeGuiNGUiN. 



GHIRLANDAIO, DoMENiro, in .ff/ci^ra//^,^ a painter, 

 of whom Vaf-iri fpeaks as being of the firll rank in his 

 time. His real name was Corradi. He at firft was em- 

 ployed by his father, in his own profefiion of goldimith, at 

 Florence, who obtained the name of Ghirlandaio, by having 

 been the firft to make little metallic garlands ( GhirlanH: ) for 

 children to wear. Domenico continued to paint, after he 

 had adopted painting as his profefiion, for the churches and 

 convents in Florence, both in frefco and in oil. He, like 

 other artifts of the time, introduced into his piftures the 

 portraits of his friends, but gave them more charafter ap- 

 pertaining to the f'lbjedl, than had hitherto been done there ; 

 and he was the firft who left off gilding in pidlures, and 

 attempted to imitate its effcfts by colours. He was called 

 to Rome by Sixtus IV. to affift other mailers employed in 

 painting his chapel. His works there were afterwards 

 fpoiled to make room for thofe of M. Angelo. He was 

 highly honoured, and employed nobly ; but his greatell 

 glory is, having had the great liero of the art, M. Angelo, 

 for a pupil. He died in 1493, at the age of 44. His 

 brothers, David and Benedetto, finiftied many of his works, 

 and educated his fon RidoUo to the art, who afterwards 

 made great progrefs, and obtained efteem from Raphael 

 himfelf, who invited him, but not fuccefsfully, to work in 

 the Vatican. In Ridolfo's piftures, Mr. Fufeli fays, "there 

 is fomething analogous to the genius of Raphael ; the com- 

 pofition, the vivacity of the face, the choice qf colours, 

 fomething ideal in the ufe of nature, betray fimilar maxims, 

 with inferior powers." He died in 1560, aged 75. 



GHIRNAH, in Gen^r.'iph\<. a river of Hindooftan, which 

 runs into the Taptce ; 36 miios S.W. of Bin-hanpour. 



GHISCIOLA, a town of Italy, in the department of 

 the Upper Po ; 15 miles E. of Cremona. 



GHISTELLES, a town of France, in the department 

 of the ^ys, and chief place of a canton, in the diftricl of 

 Bruges ; 1 1 miles S.W. of Bruges. The place contains 

 2500, and the canton 1 1,404 inhabitant?, on a territory of 

 182! kilioiTietres, in 18 communes. 



GHIVIRA, a town of Italy, in the department of the 

 Olona ; 30 miles N.W. of Milan. 



GHIZNI, or Gazx.^, ail ancient empire of Hindooftan, 

 founded by Abiftagi, governor of Korafan, A. D. 960, 

 who revolted from the kiny of Bucl:aria. Ghi/.ni con- 

 fifted chiefly of the traft which compofed the kingdom of 

 Baftria, after the divifion of Alexander's empire ; that is, 

 the countries lying between Parthia and the Indus, and 

 fouth of the Oxus. T!ie Cjhi/uian empire, fubjeel to the 

 fame caufes of decay with olher unwieldy ftates of rapid 

 growth, was, in 1 1 51^, forc'i:!y' divided ; the weftern,' and 

 largeft part, and which flill r^ lained the ancient name of the 

 empire, being feized on by .he family of the Gaurides, (fo 



denominated 



