G H Y 



denominated from Gaur, or Ghor, a province and city lyiag 

 beyond the Indian Caucafus), while the provinces contiguous 

 to both iliores of the Indus, remained to Chufero, or Cufroe, 

 who fixed his refidence at Lahore ; and even his poilcrity 

 vere, in 1 184, driven out of their kingdom by the Gaurides. 

 The death of the emperor Mahomed Gori, in 1205, occa- 

 lionsd a new divifion of the Ghiznian empire ; the Pcrfian 

 part remaining to Eldoze, and the Indian part to Cuttub, 

 who founded the Patau, or Afghan dynafty, in Hindooftan. 

 In 1 22 1 Gengiz Cawn, among his extenfive conquefls, 

 accomplifhed lliat of the empire of Ghizni ; putting an end 

 to the dynaily of Charafm, which then occupied that throne, 

 und driving before him the unfortunate Gelali, fon of the 

 reigning emperor ; who fwam the Indus to avoid his fury. 

 The ancient enipire of Ghizni is nearly comprehended by 

 the kingdom, known at prefeut by that of Candahar. See 

 Candauar. 



Ghizxi, or Gazna, a city of Candahar, once the reputed 

 capital of the Ghiznian empire, and pkced among the 

 wellern fources of the Indus, and not far from the Indian 

 Caucafus. The pofition of Ghizni is erroneoufly fixed by 

 1*1. D'Anville in the N.W. extreme of Cabul ; whereas it 

 appears to be almoft in the very heart of that province. 

 It is termed the " Second Medina,'' on account of the great 

 number of illuftrious perfons whofe remains have been in- 

 terred there. Wonderful ftories are related concerning its 

 extent and population in ancient times ; neverthelefs, Baber 

 exprefles his furprife at its having ever been pitched on for the 

 feat of any empire. Ghizini is diftant about 56; gcogra- 

 pliical miles S. by W. from Cabul, about 167 A fiich 

 miles from Candahar, and about 88 miles from Bamian. 

 N. lat. 33^ 35'. E. long. 68' 22'. 



GHOBAN. See GoBAN. 



GHOER, a town of Holland, in GveryfTel, oil the 

 Rigge ; 10 miles N.N.E. of Borkeloe. 



GHOR. See Gauii. 



GHORAIB, a town of Arabia, in the country of Ye- 

 men; 15 miles E. of lambo. 



GHOUP, a mountain of Southern Africa. This, and 

 alfo Nieuweld, are a continuation of the Roggeveld moun- 

 tain, and join the divifions bearing the fame name in the dif- 

 tridl of Graaf Reynet. They have lately been defeated, on 

 account of the number of Bocsjefman Hottentots, who 

 dwell clofe behind them. 



GHOURBUND, a town, and diftrift of Cabul ; 43 

 miles N.W. of Cabul. N. lat. 34''' 55'. E. long 67" 



GHOURI, a town of the kingdom of Balk. N. lat. 35^ 

 40'. E. long. 66 56'. 



GHULE EI. Ai.JAiB, a town of Arabia Felix ; 10 miles 

 N.N.E. of Chamir. 



GHULPAIGAN, a town of Perfia, in the province of 

 I-rakj taken by the Afghans in 1723; 100 miles N.N.W. of 

 Ifpahan. N. lat. 33° 45'. E. long. 50 ' 40'. 



GHUMISCHKANA, a town of Aliatic Turkr)-, in 

 tbf government of Trebifond ; 50 miles S.S.W. of Trebi- 



fvnd- 



GHUNFUDE, a fea-port of Arabia, or. the Red fea, 

 belonging to the (heriff of Mecca. All vc'ills which carry 

 coffee to Jidda are compelled to anchor here, and pay a duty ; 

 145 miles S. of Mecca. N. lat. 29° 7'. 



GHUNI, one of the finaller Cape Verd iflands, being 

 little more than a rock. 



GHURMAN, a town of Pcrfia, in Segeftan ; 30 miles 

 i^.E. of Ferah. 



GHYASPOUR, a town of Hindooftan, in Bahar ; 20 

 fciksW.S.W. o/Chuprah. 



G I A 



GIABBAR, in Geography, afortrefs of Afialic Turkey, 

 in the province of Diarbekir ; 120 miles S.S.W. of 

 Diarbekir. 



GIACOMELLI Ge.miniano, in Biography, of Parma, 

 compofedfor the theatr-s of Venice, between the years 1704 

 and 1736, feven or eight different dramas, written chiefly by 

 ApofioloZeno andMctaaafio. He was the fcholar of Capclhj 

 but adopted a more liigli and flighty ftyle, with which the 

 Venetians were much captivated, l;efore they heard the more 

 graceful and expreSnve airs of Vinci and Ha(R. 



GIACOMO, St. in Geography, a town of Italy ; ihree 



miles S. of Verona Alio, a town of the Valtelinc ; two 



miles N.W. of Ciiiavcnna. 



Giacomo, St., ValLy of, a valley of Switzerland, which 

 is part of the county of Cliiavenna. It is narrow, and wa- 

 tered by the torrent Lira ; contains about 10 pariflies, is under 

 the jurifdi£tion of tlic commiHary, and pofilfTes feveral import- 

 ant privileges that prcfervc the inhabitants from the oppref- 

 fion which their neighbours endure. All c-aufes are tried in 

 the valley. The criminal ftatiites are thofn; of Chiavenna, with 

 this difference, that inftcad of the affeffor, the valley chufcs 

 four perfons, who are always prefent at the examination ; 

 and without whofe concurrence, torture cannot be inflicted, 

 nor fentence paffed. The valley has its own code of jiirif- 

 prudence, and courts independent of the commiffary, from 

 the decifion of which an appeal lies to tiie diet. 



The lower part of the valley prode.ces vines and com ; 

 the upper, rye, barley, and pailure, mixed with large .groves 

 of fir and pine. 



GlACO.MO Arkadelt, in Biography, a Netherlander, 

 and a difciple of .lufquin, enumerated by Adami among the 

 fingers and compofers of the pontifical cliapel ip the l6tli 

 century. He was maeftro di c.^.ppella fome time to the car- 

 dinal of Lorrain. and had acquired great fame by his madri- 

 gals, of which he publiihed at Venice, between the vears 

 1539 and 1575, five books. In one of which is the celebrated 

 madrigal, " II bianco e dolce Cigiio cantando muore,'' which 

 was in high favour all over Europe. 



GIADEN, in Geography, a town of Arabia, 60 miles W. 

 S.V/. of Mecca. 



GIADILA, a town of Arabia, in the province of 

 Nedsjed, 90 miles S.W. of Kariatim. 



GIADRI, a town of Alb^mia, on the Drino ; eight 

 miles N. of Alelfio. 



GIAG AS of Africa. See Jaga-;. 



GIAGH, or Jfiiagii, a cycle of twelve years, in ufe 

 among the Turks and Cathayans. 



Each year of the giagh bears the name of fome animal ; 

 the firft that of a moufe ; the focond, that of a bullock ; the 

 third, of a lynx or leopard; the fourth, of a hare ; the fifth, of 

 a crocodile ; the fixth, of a forpent ; the feventh, of a horfe; 

 the eighth, of afhcep ; the ninth, of a monkey ; the tenth, of 

 a hen ; the eleventh, of a dog ; and the twelfth, of a hog. 



They .ili'o divide the day into twelve parts, which they 

 call giaghs, and diftinguilh them by the name of tlie famt 

 animals. Each giagh contains two of our hour?, and is di- 

 vided into eight kch, as many as there are quarters of hours 

 in our day. 



GIALAKOVA, in Geography, a town of Eurovean 

 Turkey, in Romania ; 60 miles N.E. of Filippopoli. 



GIALLOLINO, in Natural Htfimy. See Naplb* 



I'elkw. 



GIAMANI, 



