C I A 



ETAMAMI, in GoTir.iphy, atiwnof Perfia, in the pro 

 vi^icp oF Cluilillan ; 28 miWS.S.W. of Suik-r. 



G[AMB.-\SH, a town of Afiatic Tarkey, in Natolia ; 

 20 milos S.S.E. of Smyrna. 



GIANAH, a town of Perfia, in tlic province of Kcrman ; 

 50 miles E. of Sin-^ian. 



GIANCAZZd, St. a town of Naples, in ihe province of 

 Otranto ; 12 miles SAV. of Brindifi. 



GIANNONE, Petku, in niography, was born at or 

 near Naples about the year 1680. He was educated for, 

 ana pracUfed in, the law, but was much more dillinj^aiidied 

 ss an hillorian. In 172;, he wrote a " Hiftory of Naples," 

 in four volumes 410. The ftyle is pure, but the freedom 

 v.-ith whicli he difcuffed feveral topic'4_ relating to the origin 

 <if the papal power gave fo much offence to the court of 

 Rome, that he was obliged to exil- himfelf from his native 

 country. He found an afylum with the king of Sardmia, 

 who did not, however, dare to avow himfelf his proteftor, 

 hut chole rather to reprefent his fituation as that of a prifonor. 

 Giannone died in Piedmoiit in 1740. Extracts from his_ 

 iiillory were afterwards printed in Holland under the title of 

 " Anecdotes Ecclefialliques." His pofthumous works were 

 given to the world in a quarto volume, containing, amon.g 

 other mifcellaneous matter, his profclfiun of faith, and a juf- 

 tification of hisl.illory. 



GIANOTTI, a performer on the double -bafe in the 

 opera at Paris, from the year 1739 to 1767, who publilhed, 

 in 1 759, a treatife built on the principles of Rameau, entitled 

 " Guide du Compofiteur," the Compofer's Guide ; a 

 work much elleemed by the followers of Rameau. The 

 author of this tract having been long in the practice of ex- 

 plainino- the fyftem of the fundamental bafe to his fcholars, 

 has drawn up his own work in a clear and intelligible 

 manner. 



GIANNUTI, in Geogrophy, a fmall idand in the Medi- 

 terranean fea, near the coalt of Italy. N. lat. 42' 24'. E. long. 

 11° 20'. 



GIANT, ySy.<:, a man of extraordinary, enormous ftature 

 »nd bulk. 



The reality of giants, and of nations of giants, is much 

 controverted among the learned. Travellers, hiftorians, and 

 relations, both facrcd and profane, furnifli various inilances 

 of them ; a great part of which naturalifts and antiquaries 

 fet afide. 



Thofe among the ancients who fpeak of giants, as hifto- 

 rians, and aihrm there were fncli beings, ai-e Cs;far, de Bello 

 Gallico, hb. i. Tacitus, de Morib. Germanor. and Annal. 

 lib. ii. Florus, lib. iii. cap. 3, St. AuguUine, de Civit. Dei. 

 lib. XV. cap. 9. and Saxo-Grammaticus, at the end of his 

 preface: among the moderns, Hieron. Magius, Mifcelhui. 

 de Gigantibus; Chaffagonus, de Gigantibus ; Kircher, 

 Mund. Subterran. lib. viii. fedf. ii. cap. 4. and fo many others, 

 that Stephanus, in his notes on Saxo-Grammaticus, afFirms, 

 nothing can be more extravagant than to deny or allegorize 

 the authorities we have concerning them. 



Dr. Derham obferves, that though we read of giants be- 

 fore the flood. Gen. vi. 4. and more plainly after it. Numb, 

 xiii. 33. yet it is highly probable the fize of man has always 

 been the fame from the creation'; for as to the Nephilim, 

 Gen. vi. the ancients vary about lliem, fome taking them for 

 monllers of impiety, atheifm, rapine, tyranny ; as to thofe. 

 Numb. xiii. who were evidently fpoken of as men of a gi- 

 o-antic fize, it is probable the tears of the fpies might add to 

 their bulk. 



Be this as it will, it is manifcft, that in both thcfe places 

 jriants are fpoken of as rarities and wonders of the agCj not of 

 djc eommon ftature: and fuch inilances wc have had iu all 



C ! A 



Jigcs. "But it is not at all improbable, thut the firft men were of 

 a ftrcncrth and llature fuperior to thofe of mankind at pre- 

 fent, hncc they lived a mucli longer time ; long life being 

 commonly the effcd of a ftrong conllitution. There are many 

 fabulous relations : fuch as we take to be that of Thcuto- 

 bocchus, who is faid to have been dug up anno 1613, and to 

 have been higlier than the trophies, and twenty-hx feet in; 

 height : and no better we fuppofe the giant;; to have been, of 

 wliom 01. Magnus gives an account in liis iifth book ; fucli 

 as Harthen an.d Starchater, among the men ; and among the' 

 women, " reperta eft (faitli he) pueila — in capite vulnerata, 

 inorlua,induta chlamyde purpurea longitudinis cv.bitorum 50, 

 latitudinis inter lumv.ros quatuor." 01. Mag. Hift. hb. v. 

 cap. 2. 



But, as for the more crcdib'e relations of Gohah (whofe 

 height was fix cubits aiid a fpan, (i Sam xvii 4.) wiiich, at- 

 tording to- bilhop Cumberlar.d, is fonicwhat above eleven feet 

 Englifh, of Og, king of Bafan, (Deut. iii. 11.) whofe bed 

 was nine cubits long and four wide, of Maximinus ll;e cmpe- ' 

 ror (v. ho was nine fctt high), and others in the reign of y\u- ' 

 guftus and other Roman emperors, of about the fame height ;, 

 to which might be added the dimenfions of a flccleton, dug up- 

 in the place of a Rom.an camp, near St. Alban's, by an urn; 

 ir.fcribed Marcus Antonintis, of which an account. is given by- 

 Mr. Chefcldcn, who judged, by the dimenfions of tlie hones, 

 that the jierfon was eiglit feet high, Phil. Tranf. N"' 333 ;■ 

 thefe antique examples and relations, we fay, may be match- 

 ed, nay outdone, with modern ones; ot wliich we have 

 divers in J. Ludolph. Comment. inHift. jEthiop.lib.ii.cap. 2. 

 feft. 22. Magius, Conringius, D. Hakcwel, and others;, 

 the laft mentioned writer fpeaks from Nanne/, of porters! 

 and archers belonging to the emperor of China, fifteen feet ■ 

 high, an<l of others trora Purchas, of ten and twelve feet 

 high, and more. See that learned author's Apol. p. 2cl?. 



The exiftence of a race of men -jbovc the common ftature," 

 on the coaft of Patagonia in South America, has been *he 

 fubjecl of difpute for the two laft centuries. In one century 

 almoft all navigators, of every country, affirmed that there ■ 

 were fuch perlons ; and in the next the faft is denied by the 

 greater number, and their predeccffors are treated as timid or " 

 boaiting fabulifts. The Ynca Garcilaflb de la Vega, initio- 

 hiftory of Peru, relates, that according to a tradition univer- 

 fally received, a number of veffels or junks came to St. He-' 

 lena v.'ith a company of giants on board, of a ftature fo' 

 enormous, that the natives of the country were not higher 

 than their knees ; that their eyes were as broad as the bot- 

 tom of a plate, and their lim.bs proportionably large. But. 

 thefe are fables, fimilar to thofe relative to^lie fame fubjedi 

 in other parts of the world. See Giant.s' bcnes, 



Turnei-, the naturalift, reports that he had fceii, near the 

 river Plata, on the coaft of Brafil, a nice of giantsj wha. 

 went ftark naked, one of -vvhom was tw elve feet liigh ; but 

 he acknowledges that he faw no others fo tail. 1';ie ocular 

 witneffes on the affirmative fide of the qucftion are, Magel- 

 lan, Loaifa, Sarmiento, and Nodid, among tlie Spaniards ; 

 Cavendifti, Hawkins, and Knivet, among the Englifli ; Se-' 

 bald, De Noort, I^e Maire, and Spilberg, among the.- 

 Dutch ; and among the French, thofe wlio went in the 

 expedition from Marfeilles and St. Maloes, in the year 1704.' 

 Knivet affirms that he meafnred feveral dead bodies, v.'hicli ■ 

 he found buried at Port Dellre, which were from fourteen to 

 iixteen fpan« high ; and that he had frequently feen at Brafil ' 

 one of' the Patagonian.";, who, though a youth, me-afured no : 

 lefs than thirteen Ipans ; and that the Englifii priioners at 

 Brafil aftured him, tliat they had lern niany men of the fame- 

 gigantic ftature upon the coafts of the ilrait : this account is 

 alio conlirmed by Sebal de AVcit, arid Oliver dc Noort. Aria ' 



Clai/, 



