G I B 



f)if msrcliants and planters retire at tliat time to Maracaybo, 

 or Mcrida ; loo miles S.S.E. of Maracaybo. N. lat. lo 4' 

 W. long. 67' 36'. 



GlBRALT,\n Pcint, is the weftern extremity of a fandbank, 

 in Upper Canada, wliich forms tlie harbour of York, and 

 upon which block-lioufcs are erected for its defence. There 

 is another place of this name on the fide of lake Me/nphra- 

 magog, in tiie town of Colton, in Upper Canada. 



GIBRIN, a town of Syria; 10 miles S.E. of Aleppo. 

 GIBSON, Rkii.viid, in Biography, the Dwarf, was placed 

 by a lady at Mortlake, to whom he was page, with Francis de 

 Clyne to learn lo paint, both in water and in oil ; but he in- 

 formed himfelf more by fludying the works of Lely, and 

 gained confidcrable reputation. 



GIBSON, Edward, in Biography, was born at Bamp- 

 ton, in Weftmoreland, in the year 1669. He received the 

 early part of his education at the free-fchool in his native 

 town, and at the age of feventeen he was fent to Queen's 

 coUege, Oxford. In 1691 he was admitted to the degree 

 of B. A., and in the fame year, having already applied him- 

 felf moll diligently to the itudy of the northern languages, 

 be publilTied a new edition of William Drummond's Poleir.o- 

 I^Iiddiana, and James V. of Scotland's Cantilena Rullica, 

 quarto, illuftratcd with notes. 



tion in the Latin lansruasre 



00,.. 



" Chronicon Saxonicum ;" likewiie a work entitled " L,i- 

 brorum Manufcriptorum in duabus infignibus Bibliothecis, 

 altera Dugdaliana Oxonii, Catalogus,'' with a dedication 

 to Dr. Tennifon, afterwards archbifliop of Canterbury, 

 which proved the foundation of the author's fublcquent for- 

 tune under the aufpices of that prelate. He next pubUlhed 

 a correct edition of Quintihan " Do aite Oratoria ;" and 

 a new edition of Somner's treatife on the Roman ports and 

 forts in Kent. In 1694 Mr. Gibfon commenced A.M., and 

 friortly afterwards was elefted fellow of his college, ar.d ad- 

 mitted into deacon's and prieil's orders. In 1695 '"^ pub- 

 lilhed an Englilh tranflation of " Camden's Britannia." 

 This work was patronized by lord Somers, who offered Mr. 

 Gibfon a living in the ille of Thanet, which he declined, on 

 account of ill-health, and in the following year he was ap- 

 pointed librarian at Lambeth, by the archbilliop, Dr. Ten- 

 nifon, who received him into his family, and w ho appointed 

 him morning preacher at Lambeth church. His publica- 

 tions about this period were, " Vita Tlioma; Bodleii, Equi- 

 tis Aurati," together with " Hiiloria Bibliothecx Bodleia- 

 ns :" alfo, " Reliqin:e SpelmannianK ; being the pofthu- 

 mous works of fir Henry Spelman, relating to the Laws 

 and Antiquities of England, together with the IJfe of the 

 Author." He was now appointed domeftic chaplain to the 

 archbilliop, through whole means he obtained the leclure- 

 fliip of St, Martin's in the Fields, and was prefented to the 

 rectory of Stiiled in Efitx. His promotion hi the church 

 went on rapidiv, but it did not render him indifferent to the 

 caufe of literature, and in 17 13 he pidililhcd his celebrated 

 work, entitled " Codex Juris Ecclefiaftici Anglicani ; or the 

 ftatutes, conflitution, canons, rubricks, and ai'tieles of the 

 church or England, methodically digefled under tlicir pro- 

 per Heads, &c.'' The fchenie of church power vindicat- 

 ed in this volume was excepted againft, not only by dilfenters, 

 but by the foundell and moll conftitutional lawyers within 

 the pale of the church ; \%ho maintained that the principles 

 and ckijr.s advanced in it would be fufficitnt, if acled upon, 

 in their utmoft extent, to ellablifii a facerdotal empire, 

 which mull draw all power to itielf, and render tlie civil raa- 

 giftrate its miniller and dependent. In 17 15 our author, 

 who had taken his degree of D.D., was coniecrated bifhop 

 ef Lincoln, and in 1723 he was tranflated to tlie fee of Lon- 



G I D 



don. In this fituation, on account of the weak health of 

 Dr. 'Wake, then archbifliop of Canterbury, almoft every 

 thing relating to the affairs of the church was confided to 

 him. His great zeal for the eftablillied religion, and his 

 oppofiticn to the diffenters, who were endeavourint; to 

 obtain the repeal of the Corporation and Tefl acls, lefl^ned 

 him in thecdimation of the ])rime minifter, fir Robert Wal- 

 pole ; and he was, about the fame time, rendered obnoxious 

 to men in power, by feveral attacks on the principles in his 

 " Codex," which the authors contended were inimical to 

 the civil conilitution of this country, and favourable to a 

 fpirit of intolerance and perfccution. Of thefe attacks, one 

 of tliL- moll able was conducted by the recorder of Briftol, 

 afterwards Mr. Jullice Foller, at' the defire of lord Hard- 

 wicke, lord chief-jullice of the court of king'sbench. Bilhop 

 Gibfon's conilitution was naturally ilrong and vigorous, but 

 iie exercifed it with alraoll fir.cefiant labours, fo that, at 

 length, it might be faidto be fairly worn out by his lludies 

 and exertions. For fome time before he died, he became fen- 

 fibk- that his end was approaching, and in 1748 he breatiied 

 his lall at Bath, being in his feventy-ninth year. Befidcs 

 the works already enumerated, the bilhop was author of fe- 

 veral otiiers, highly efteemed by the learned. He wrote and 

 ■" ------ J 



)tes. In 1692, he gave a tranlla- publilhed many palloral letters, addreffed to the clergy an( 

 , together with the original, of the laity of his diocefe, intended to oppofe the growth of inf; 



delity and enthufiafm : fome vifitation charges, occafional 

 fei-mons, and fmall trails againft the prevailing vices of the 

 age. Thefe fmaller pieces have been frequently reprinted, 

 and it is faid that the bilhop received more real fatisfaclion 

 on account of the repeated demand for his practical works, 

 than from the honours conferred on him by his larger and 

 more learned treatifes. He poffefTed the focial principles in 

 an eminent degree, and his beneficence and charity were very 

 extenfively, though privately, exercifed. An inllance of li- 

 berality is recorded, which redounds greatly to his honour : 

 Dr. Crow had left him by his will 2500/. wliich bilhop Gibfon 

 freely gave to Dr. Crow 's own relations, w ho were in indigent 

 circumllances. Biog. Brit. 



GID, or Giddy, in Rural Economy, a morbid condition 

 occurring in fheep and fome otlier animals, in which there is 

 a conflant vertigo or turning round. The affeAion is gene» 

 rally confideredas a kind or hydrocephalus, or cncyllcd col- 

 kction of watery matter in the head, between the dura and 

 pia muter. 



It has, however, been fuggeflcd by fome as depending upou 

 a worm or maggot under the horn on either fide of the head ; 

 in lupport of which Mr. Collins has been informed of cows 

 having the difeafe, and being cured by having a perforation 

 made near the horn, and the worm or maggot taken out ; 

 but this is no doubt another fort of diforder. 



Some farmers confidcr this complaint as the mod com. 

 mon among fiieep that are richly fed, and know it by the 

 name of xXwJhirJy evil, the cure being attempted by the ufc 

 of fmall bleeding and alTafcctida ; and in order to guard 

 againil a relapfe, the flieep (hould be put into a hilly or ele- 

 vated pallure. 



Among the graziers in the county of Lincoln the difeafe 

 is known by the terms_/7«;v/v, and HaJJer on the I rain, and 

 in its remedy a fort of trepanning procefs ii had recourfe to, 

 by which great numbers of flieep are fujjpoled to be favcd. 

 The perfon who performs the operation ra:festhe fcalp with 

 a Ilrong hooked knife jull over the part affeded, to the ex- 

 tent of about half a crown piece, after which, nearly the 

 fame extent of the Ikull-bone is elevated, letting it hang as 

 by a hinge on one fide ; then by means of a quill, cut flam- 

 ing to a point, in the form of a fpcar, and Iiackcd on each 

 Ude, the bladder is fought for ar.J brought out whole, the 



boi;C 



