G I L 



G I L 



nd fpi\-ail the powder lipon ihc piece to he gilt ; afterwards 

 to cxpofc it to luch a fire thnt the regulus may be evaporated 

 vhile the gold remains fixed. But Dr. Lewis mentions the 

 following inconvciiiencies to which this method is fiibjcdl : 

 the powdor docs not adhere to the piece, and cannot be 

 equally fpread ; jiart of the gold is ditfipatcd along with the 

 rcgulns ; glafs is fnllble witli the heat neccfl'ary for the evapo- 

 ration of regains of antimony ; and copper is liable to be 

 cornnled by the regnhis, and to have its lurface rendered un- 

 even. Lewis's Com. Phil. Techn. p. 77, &c. p. 81. 88. 

 and ic8. Macquer's Dift. Chcm. Eng. edit. 1777; and 

 Aikin's Dift. of Chcmiilry, art. Gilding. 



GlLniNG Cn/hioti, is formed by a few folds of flannel, or a 

 quantity of tow or wool, fccured on a piece of wood of any 

 li'/e from eight to fourteen inehes fquare by a light- covering 

 of leather, and fallened tiglit round the edges. The furtace 

 lliould be pcrfedly flat and even, and it is ufually furniflied 

 nith a handle. See CusHlox. 



Gilding Kii':f\-, a flip of the hollow Spanifli cane, cut up 

 to a fniooth and (liarp edge, with a good penknife : this cane 

 knife cuts the g(-ld leaf betti r than one of ftecl, as it is apt 

 to ilick to this la!l. 'I'his knife may in all refpefts be the 

 fame as thofe ufed in painting, called " pallet knives ;" the 

 blade of which may be four or fix inches long, and fomewhat 

 more than half an inch in breadth, with a proportionable 

 handle. • 



Gilding Pallet, a flat piece of wood, about three inches 

 long, and an inch broad, covered with a piece of fine woollen 

 cloth. 



By breathing upon tlus pallet, to moiften the cloth a little, 

 and then claj-)ping it gently down upon the gold leaf, this 

 may be raifod from the cufiiion, and conveyed to the work to 

 be gilded. 



Gilding 7V/), a tool made by faftening the long hairs of a 

 fquirrels tail between two cards, and ufed for taking up the 

 gold leaf after it is cut, and applying it to the arti.le to be 

 gilded. 



Gilding Wax. See Gildixg of Mdah. 

 GILDO, in Bio^vaph^, a powerful lord in Mauritania, 

 ferved the emperor Theodofius, in his brother's revolt in 37^, 

 with fo much fidelity, that he was raifed to the chief coin- 

 wand in Africa. During the reigns of Arcadius and Ho- 

 norius he maintained a kind of independence, and ruled, at 

 his pleafure, the provinces under his command, which he 

 opprefled by every fpecies of tyranny In the diflenfions be- 

 tween the eailern and weftern empires, he was perluaded by 

 the minillcr Eutropius to acknowledge Arcadius : for 

 this he was condemned as a public enemy by the Roman 

 feiiate. About the fame time a deadly quarrel had arilen be- 

 tween Gildo and his younger brother Mafcezel, in which the 

 latter had taken refuge in the court of Honorius. Gildo, 

 with a brutality that can never be fufnciently execrated, 

 fatiated his diiappointed vengeance upon tlie two children of 

 his brother, whom he barbaroufiy murdered. !Mafcezel, an- 

 xious for revenge, landed a body of troops in Africa, and 

 encamped in the face of a numerous army of Moors collefted 

 by Gildo. Thefe, intimidated by the fuperior difcipline of 

 tiie Europeans, fled almoft; without a blow. Gildo efcaped 

 to the fea-fliore, where he embarked for a foreign country, 

 but, being driven back by adverfe winds, he was feized by tLe 

 inhabitants and thrown into a dungeon. There a voluntary 

 death favtd him irom the cruel fate, which his confcience 

 told him he niiglit expedl from his injured brother. The 

 revolt ol Gildo, fays the hifl.orian, was confidered as an event 

 of fo much importance to the empire, that the poet Claudian 

 made the " Giidonic war'' the fubjeft of one of his pane- 

 gyrics, to the honour of Stilicho, who was the coniranuder in 



it, agaiiift the fubjeft of this article. Gibbon. Univer. 

 Hill. 



GILEAD, Balm of. See Balsam. ; 



GiLEAD, Falfe Balm of, in Bolaiiy. See Dracoce- 



PIIALUM. 



GiLEAD, in Scnpture Geography, mountains of Palcflinc, 

 which lay E. of .Tordan, and I'eparated the lands of Ammon, 

 Moab, Reuben, Gad, and Maniin">h from Arabia Delerta. Ac- 

 cordingto Eufebius mount Gilead reached from Libanus north- 

 ward to the kingdom of the Amorites, which was ceded to 

 the tribe of Reuben ; fo that it muft have extended above 

 70 leagues from north to fouth. This moimtain, or rather 

 chain of hills, was much celebrated for its excellent balm. 

 .Ter. viii. 22. xlvi. 11. li. 8. Gen. xxxvii. 25. See Bal.sam. 

 Gilead derived its name from Gael-hacd, q. rl. the heap of 

 witnefs, in reference to the heap of Hones raifed as a monu- 

 ment of the covenant between Jacob and Laban. Gen. 

 xxxi. 21. 



GILES, in Biography, a learned Italian pivlate, and 

 cardinal of the fixteenth century, diftinguiflied himfclf by 

 the progrefs which he made in different branches of litera- 

 ture; and was appointed profeflbr of philofophr, and then 

 of theology, in his order, that of the hermits of Auguiline, 

 In 1507, he was raifed to the pod of general of his order, and 

 was employed by pope Julius II. to open the council aflem- 

 blcd at the Lateran in the year 1 5 1 2 ; and, in 1 5 1 7, wms fent 

 legate into Germany bvLeoX.,onwhichoccafion I'.ewaspro. 

 moted to the office of cardinal. After this he was fent 

 into Spain, and employed in many difficult negociations. 

 He was nominated bifliop of fcveral important fees at dif- 

 ferent periods, and alfo patriarch of Conflantinoplc. He 

 died at Rome in 1532, and left behind him a very high 

 charafter for learning. He was, during his life, perpetu- 

 ally contnlted in difficulties that occurred to the literati 

 in the Oriental as well as tlie Latin and Greek languages. 

 He was the author of many works that bear tellimony to 

 his reputation, among thefe are. Remarks on the early 

 Chapters o.' the Book of Gencfis, Commentaries on fome 

 of the Pfalms of David ; Dialogues, Epiftles, Poems, &c. 

 In the third volume of " Anipliflima Colleftio veterum 

 Monnmentorum," many letters of this prelate and his cor- 

 refpondents arc inferted, which contain numerous fafts as 

 well relating to his own hiftory, as to that of the period in 

 which he flourilhcd. Moreri. 



GILFORD, in Geography, a fniall pofl; and market 

 town of the county of Down, Ireland. The river Bann 

 runs throngli the centre of it, over which tliere is a very 

 handfome bridge, highly ornamented with hewn flone, of 

 twenty-two arches. It is a haudlome neat town, and the 

 country about it is highly improved; the houfes are good, 

 and chiefly inhabited by wealthy and reputable linen-drapers. 

 The linen trade is carried on very extenfively here, and the 

 cloth is as remarkable for the finenefs of its texture, as the 

 river is for giving it an excellent bleach. Nothing can ex- 

 ceed in beauty the vale from Banbridge to Moyallen through 

 Gilford, on the borders of the Bann, for a continuance of 

 fix miles ; the river in delightful meanders, tlie rifing 

 grounds furrounding it adorned with woods, and the bot- 

 toms variegated with bleach-greens, aff^ord views the moft. 

 beautiful and pitlurelqne. Gilford is 62^^ miles N. from 

 Dublin, and 11 miles from Armagh. 



GILGAL, in Scripture Geography, a celebrated place, W, 

 of Jordan, where the Ifraelites encamped after their paflage 

 of this river, and where a confiderable city, famous for 

 many events, was afterwards built. It was about a league 

 from Jordan and from Jericho. 



GILGE, in Geography, a town of Pruffia, in the circle of 

 7 Samland ; 



