G I N 



GIMZO, in Scnpiur: Gergraphy, a city of .Tiidali, wliich 

 the Philillines took from Aliaz. 2 Chroii. xxviii. 18. 



GIN, in Geography, a town of China, of the third rank, 

 in Pc-tcheh ; 10 miles S.E. of Chun-te. 



Gin, formed probably by corruption from ens'mf, in Jrtil- 

 hry and Mechanics, is a machine for railing great weights, 

 compofed of three long legs, two of which are kept at a 

 proper diftance by means of two iron or wooden bars fixed 

 to one of the legs by means of a bolt at one end, and by 

 the other end to\he other leg with a bolt and key, fo that 

 it may be put on or off at pleafnre. At three feet from 

 the bottom is a roller moving in checks, that are failened to 

 thefe poles by two iron bands and two iron bolts. The 

 three legs of this machine are joined together with an iron 

 bolt, about which they move ; to this bolt is fixed an iron 

 half ring to hook on the windlafs, containiug two brafs pul- 

 lics. When the gin ftands upriglit, and its legs arc at a 

 proper diftance, one end of the cable is fixed to the dol- 

 phins of a gun or mortar with anotlier vwdlafs, containing 

 likewife two brafs puUies, and the other pafTes thro;;gh tlie 

 pullies and round the roller, which is turned round by 

 means of handfpikes paffuig through the holes in the ends 

 of the roller : while a man holds the cable tight, the gin 

 is vaifed to fuch a height as to admit a carriage being put 

 •under it. . . . ' 



The gin is ufed in loading a timber-carriage with timber ; 

 it confilts of an acute triangular frame, in the lower part of 

 which is a roll or windlafs : at the apes is a fet of piilhes, 

 and a hole to receive the top of a ftrong pole, which is fet 

 up oppofite the triangular frame, which by this means forms 

 a fort of tripod (or triangle, as it is commonly called 

 among workmen) ftanding acrofs a tree to be railed and 

 loaded : the gin-rope is then reeved through a moveable 

 block of pullies, fattened by a chain to the tree, through 

 that in th.e top of the gin and round the roll ; and then, by 

 means of hand-fpikes or levers ufed to the roll, the tree is 

 drawn up to a fufficient height for the timber-carriage to 

 be paffed under it. Long trees ai-e raifed at one end firft, 

 and two of the wheels of the timber caiTiage are pafled 

 under them ; when the other ends are raifed in like manner, 

 and the other two uiieels (which are made to feparate for 

 this piirpofe) are paffed under them, and thcR are joined 

 to the other wheels by the long ndjullable pole with which 

 the carriage is furnilhed. See Ti.MBER-CarW/Tg-f. 



An ereCl axis or drum, turned by the force of horfes 

 walking in a circle, and ufed for raifing coals and other 

 weights, is alfo called a gin ; the buckets being attached to 

 the oppofite ends of a rope, which paffes round the drum, 

 and which is drawn by means of its adhefion to the drum. 

 One of the buckets defcends empty, while the other is 

 drawn up full } and when the motions of the buckets are to 

 be changed, the horfes are turned, or the wheels are made 

 .to impel the axis in a contrary direction, when any other 

 moving power is employed. 



For Ihallow mines or {hafts, thefe are worked by 

 liorfes, and are called horfe-gins ; and in deep mines 

 thus worked, it is ufual to have two levers pro- 

 jecting frem ihe (haft, fo as to employ two horfes, avid 

 even four in fume cafes, with a boy to each pair, or 

 fui'^le horfe, to flop and turn them, fo as to draw from the 

 other fide of the lever, as often as a corve or baiket arrives 

 at the top of the fliafth. See the article Co.\i,. 



The increafmg depth of the pits, and demand for 

 coals at Newcaille, occafiosied Mr, Smeaton, the en,- 

 gincer, to be applied to in the year 1777, by the pro- 

 prietors of Long Benton colliery, to contrive them a 

 node of drawing more expeditioully, and Jargrr bailicts of 



G I N 



coals than the hor.'e-gins then in ufe, and he accordingly 

 erefted for them a water-gin, the fupply for which was 

 raifed by the fleam-engines employed at the pits. Since the 

 above period, fmall ftcam-engines, called wimfeys in many 

 places, have been applied to the winding of coals, and other 

 minerals, and have already fuperfeded all other modes of 

 drawing at the large collieries ; thefe fevcral modes of 

 drawing or winding we fliall defcribe particularly in the ar- 

 ticle WlNDlNG-.E7;^(nf. 



Gin, in Mining, horfe -gin, or coal-gin, is a machine ufed for 

 drawing buckets or corves of earth or minerals up a n-.ine.- 

 fhaft or tunnel-pipe of a canal : it confiflsof a large vertical 

 drum or barrel, on which a rope winds, which is condudlcd 

 to pullies over the fliaft ; and ufually as one bucket or corve 

 defcends another afccnds. See the preceding article and 

 Mine Winding Engine. 



Gis-driver, is the man or boy who attends tlie gin-horfe 

 and turns him, when a full bucket or corve has arrived at the 

 top of the mine-flia't. 



GINAIRI, in Geography, a town of Africa, in Kumbo. 



GINANNIA, in Botany, fo called by Scopoli and 

 Schreber in memory of Count Jofcph Ginanni, a native of 

 Ravenna, whofe polthumous works in Itahan, compofing 

 two folio volumes, with above 90 plates, were publifhcd at Ve- 

 nice in 1 755. Tliey chief'y relate to the m.arine produdlions of 

 the Adriatic, as corals, fuci, a few fhells, S;c. but are perhaps 

 not too fcverely charaftcrized by Linnreus, in a letter to 

 Gerard, as " of no manner of ule." The author was re- 

 commended to the ftudy of natural hiflory by his friend 

 Valifneri, as a cure for hypochondriacal dilordcrs, but this ii 

 hardly a fuflicient reafon for the publication of his book. 

 Haller appear^! to have fecn the firll volume only. Schreb. 

 271. Mart. Mill. Dia. V. 2. (Paloue; Aubl. Guian. 365. 

 t. 141. Palovea ; Juff. 351. Brownea pauciflora ; Willd. 

 Sp. PI. v. 3.716) Sec Brownf...\, to which genus we are 

 perfuaded this plant is rightly referred by Willdenow at the 

 fuggeftion of Schreber, Addend, 829. The J!em is fitrub- 

 by, 15 feet high, branched, the branches alternate, flraight 

 or dechning. Leaves fimple, alternate, nearly feffile, ovate, 

 entire, pointed, fmooth and fhining. Stipulas minute, acute. 

 F/ozvcrs terminal, few, red, large, and handfome, their 

 (hort ftalks enveloped in large concave imbricated IraBeas. Le- 

 gume reddifh, linear, comprefled, three inches long, fome- 

 what like that of Ccrcis Jiliquajlrum. Native of the forefls 

 of Guiana, tlowering in February, and bearing fruit in May. 



GINASSERVLS, in Geography, a town of France, in 

 the department of the Var, and chief place of a canton, ia 

 tlie diflrict of Brignolles ; nine miles N. W. of Barjols. The 

 place contains 782, and the canton Scoo inhabitants, on a 

 territory of 302^ kiliometres, in fix conimuBes. 



GINDARUS, m ylncient Geogrcphy, a town of Afia, in 

 Syria, lituated on a mountain, E. of the gulf of Iflicus. 



GINDELI, in Geography, a town of Candahar, on the 

 Behat ; 48 miles E.S.E. of Cabul. 



GINUERE, a town of Cevlyn ; five miles N of Point 

 de Galle. 



GINERCA, a town of the ifiiind of Corfica, fituated in 

 a fmall bay to which it gives name; 13 miles S. of Calvi. 



G1NE6TAS, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Aude, and chief place of a canton, in the dil'ridt of Nar- 

 bonne ; ieven miles NAV. of Narbonne. The place contains 

 501, and die canton 6753 inhabitants, on a territory of 167^ 

 Jii'lometres, in 15 communes. 



GINETO, St. a town of N.iples, in Calalwia Citra ; 16 

 miles N.W, of i^^fignano. 



GINETTA, Genetta, or Genet, m Zoology, ihe VjVeR* 

 KA ^metUi of Liunxus, which fee. 



GINGEE, 



