G I O 



his mafti-T, and arrived at a degree of art which, in grace at 

 leall, was not excelled before Maflaccio. M. Fufeli, in his 

 laft edition of Pilkiiigton's Dictionary, obferves, that "it 

 is not eafy to account for the rapidity of his progrcfs, \nilefs 

 we afcrihe it to the iUidy of the anti([ue, with which he 

 might h.ive become acc|uaintod at Florence, and afterwards 

 at Rome ; and as we know that lie was hkewife a icidptor, 

 and that models of his exilled at the time of I^orenzn Ghi- 

 berti ; tliis coHJeitiire becomes hicjlily probable, when we 

 confider the charailer of his heads, the fquarencfs ot his 

 forms, the broad and ma;e(Uc folds of his draperies, with 

 the grave and decorous attitudes of his llgures." 



Being contemporary with Dante, it is to him we owe the 

 portrait of that illnftrious poet, and alfo thole of many 

 other perfoiis of tliat period lamed for their birth and talents. 

 The great work now remaining, though in a ruined (late, 

 which tellifics moll fully the juil ground on which he earned 

 the fame he receives, is at Affifi, in the church of St. Fran- 

 cifco, where, in 32 piftures, he has reprefented the various 

 actions of that faint in the courfe of his life. 



They, together with many other pictures in the fame place, 

 are in frefco, and have ever been elleemed of fupreme excel- 

 lence for expreflion and beauty of compolition, and for the 

 grace and truth ofaclions, and proportions of the figures. 



His fame reached the ears of pope Benedift IX. who fent 

 for him to Rome, and employed him in the Vatican, and in 

 iSt. Peter's. Clement V. took him to Avignon, where, and 

 in other places in France, he painted many pictures in frefco, 

 and thence drew great riches ; returning to Florence in 

 1 3 16. He afterwards painted in moft of the principal 

 cities of Italy, but more particularly at Florence, where 

 his works were iludied by fucceeding artills, and highly ap- 

 plauded even by Michael Angelo Buonarotti. He died in 

 1336, aged 60, having enjoyed a hfe of fame and efteem ; 

 and honoured by admiflion to the citizenlhip of Florence, 

 as a reward for the honour his great talents conferred upon 

 his country. 



GIOVAIN, in Geograpliy, a town of Perfia, in the pro- 

 vince of Kerman ; 57 miles E. of Sirgian. — Alfo, a town 

 of Perfia, in the province of Favllftan ; 10 miles N. of 

 Schiras. — Alfo, a town of Perfia, in the province of 

 Segellan ; 55 miles W. N.W. of Zareng. 



GIOVANA, a town of the republic of Lucca ; feven 

 miles N. of Lucca. N. lat. 44^ E. long. io"4o'. 



OrOVANI Aksani, in Biogritphy, a celebrated Ita- 

 lian opera finger, with a tenor voice. His flrll appearance 

 on the ftage was at the theatre royal at Copenhagen, 

 where he remained three years. In 1772, w-e faw and 

 heard him at Hamburgh, and in 1773 he went to Amlter- 

 dam, where, as well as at Kamburgh, he only fung at 

 concerts, there being no opera eftabliflied in thofe cities at 

 that time. In 1775 and 17763 he fung at Turin with the 

 Agujari. In 1777 at Naples; with RubincUi. 



In 1 779 he arrived in England, where he found Roncag- 

 lia, whofe bounded abilities excited an ambition in the 

 tenor finger to take \\\q pas of the foprano. Anfani had one 

 of the beft tenor voices we had ever heard on our opera 

 ftage. It was fweet, powerful, even, and of great compafs 

 and volubility. Nor could any defeft be juftly afcribed to 

 it, except perhaps a little want of variety, fpirit, and ani- 

 mation, in finging allegros, to di'linguifh joy from forrow. 

 For there was a natural melancholy and pathos in his toiiLS 

 on all occaiions, which rendered his performance fomewhat 

 monotonous. He was of fuch a difcontented and in-itable 

 difpofition, that " trifles light as air" occafioned perturba- 

 tion. He and Roncaglia had been at variance in Italy, and 

 here their enmity broke out anew, with double violence. 



G 1 P 



Sacchini, witli whom Anfani contrived to quarrel, took 

 fides in the difpute between him and Roncaglia, and from 

 the tenor finger's pride, impatience, and irreconeileable dil- 

 pofition, he was in a perpetual warfare during the two 

 leaions he remained in this country. 



His figure and countenance on the ftage were good ; he 

 was tall, thin, and had the look of a perfim of high rank. 

 He told us, we believe with great truth, tliat he was 

 fmp.rs'mpKU, always in vexation. He was hufcand to the 

 Maeclieriiii, who came hither as firft woman of the ferious 

 opera, without a voice. If ever flie had a voice, flte had 

 loll it belore her arrival in this country. We never could 

 receive any plea In re' from her performance; every note, 

 feeble as it was, llie fquee/.ed out with fuch difficulty, and 

 with a look fo crofs and miferable, that after her firfl ex- 

 hibition we never willied more either to hear or lee the 

 Signora Maccherini, who was fo proper a match for her 

 hufband in fweetnefs of difpofition, that in Italy, when 

 employed in the fame theatre, if one I'.appened to be ap- 

 plauded more than the other, they have been known mulu- 

 e:lly to employ perlons to hifs the fuctefsful rival. The 

 Maccherini is laid to have been once a very agreeable finger, 

 and a confiderable favourite on the continent during her 

 bloom ; but foon after her firft appearance Ihe ran away 

 with an Engliih nobleman, from the theatre in Florence, in 

 her ftage drefs <hiring the middle of the performance. 



GIOV^ANNI DA San Giovan;.i, a painter whofe real 

 name was Gio. Mannozzi. He was one of the bell Italian 

 artills in frefco. Poflefling a vivid imagination and a ready 

 hand, his works are numerous, and adorn many of the 

 churches and palaces of Roitie and Florence. He did not 

 begin to paint till he was 18 years old, his fuccefs is there- 

 fore the more extraordinary. The genius he was endowed 

 with being of an irregular nature, he frequently took great 

 liberties in his defigns ; but his frefco-paintings at Florence 

 [hew how well, when he pleafed, he could rellrain the im- 

 proper exubei-ancies of his imagination. He died in 1636, 

 aged 4.6. 



Giovanni, St. in G:ograph'!, a town of Naples, in 

 Capitaiiata ; fix miles N. E. of Afcoli. — Alfo, a town of 

 the duchy of Carniola ; two miles N W. of Duiuo. — Alfoj 

 a town of Italy ; 19 miles N. of Bergamo, — yVlfo, a town 

 of Illria ; nine miles N. E. of Pola. — Alfo, a town of 

 Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; 13 miles S of Celano. — Alfo, 

 a town of Naples, in Bafilicata ; 1 7 miles S. W. of Matcra. — 

 Alfo, a town of Italv, in the duchy of Piacenza ; fix miles 

 W. of Piaccnza. — Alio, a tov\'n of Etruria ; 18 miles S.E. 

 of Florence. 



Giovanni, Si. or St. John, an ifland in the Mediterra- 

 nean. N. lat. 36 ' 27'. E. long. 26 24'. 



Giovanni Rotondo, St. a town of Naples, in Capitanata; 

 10 miles N. W. of Manfredonia. 



GIOVAR, a town of Perfia, in the province of Farfif- 

 tan ; 55 miles S.S.M''. of Schiras. 



GIOVELLINO, a town of Corlica; 25 miles E. of 

 Corte. 



GIOVENAZZO, a town of Naples, in the province 

 of Bari, fituated near the fea, the fee of a bilhop ; con- 

 taining four churches, four convents, and defended by a 

 caftle ; eight miles W. of Bari. N. lat. 41° 17'. E. long. 

 16 42'. 



GIOVI, a town of Etruria, on the Chieno ; five miles 

 N. of Arezzo. 



GIPPING, a river of England, in Suffolk, which joins 

 the Orwell, and falls with it into the Stour. 



GIPSIES. See Egyptians ; under which article the 



reader will find an account of their fuppofed origin, migra- 



5 tions. 



