G I S 



n-i^Wjoun-.ODil aljounds with limeftone and coal; 21 miles 

 S S W.of Ayr. N. lat 55 18'. W. long. 4 44'. 



GISARMS, or Guis.AUMES, in our O'hl IVnkn, an hal- 

 bert or hanJ-ax : it comes from the I.atin bis anna, bccaufe 

 it wounds r.:i both fides. Sliene. " Ell aimonim gemis 

 lontro manubi-io et porrefta cufpide." It is mentioned in 

 tiic Itatute 13 Ed->v I. cap. 6. 



GISBO ROUGH, in Geography, a market town and 

 parifii in tlj.- North Riding of the county of York, is fcated 

 near the mouth of tlie river Tees, 8 miles from Stokffley, 

 and 248 from London. By the population returns, printed 

 by order of parliament in 1801, this parifli contained 3S3 

 lioufes and 1719 inhabitants. In the time of king James I. 

 fome ah; .1 mines were difeovcred liere, and were worked 

 for feveral years with great fuccefs. The bay at the mouth 

 of tlie Tees forms a commodious harbour. In this town 

 was formerly a fpacious monallery, ot which fome confidei-- 

 able ruins remain. Here are a weekly market on Friday, 

 and live annual fairs. 



GISCALA, in Scriphire Geography, a town of the tribe 

 of Afhrr, in Lower Galilee; S. E. of Jotapa. 



GISEKIA, in Bolnny, named by Linna;us in honour of 

 his pupil Dr. Paul .Die'trick Gifeke, profefibr of Natural 

 Hiftory at Hamburgh, and editor of the Prckniones hi Oril'mes 

 KUiiniks Phwtarum, compiled from his own notcj and thofe 

 of Fabricius, taken from the mouth of Linnxus, and pub- 

 liflicd by his leave. Linn. Mant. 554. Schreb. 207. Willd. 

 Sp. PI. V. I. 1547. Mart. Mill. Diet. v. 2. Juff. 315. La- 

 marck Illuftr. t. 221. (Kolreutera; Murr. Comm. Nov. 

 Goett. V. 3. 67. t. 2. f. I.) — Clafs and order, PciUandr'ia 

 Pcr.tagyma. N.it. Ord. SvccuUntis, Linn. Portulacett, Juff. 



Ge'i. Ch. Cal. Perianth of five ovate, concave, obtufe, 

 permanent leaves, with membranous edges. Cor. none. Stam. 

 Filaments 'i\w, (liort, awl-fliaped, ovate at the bafc ; anthers 

 roundilh. P'lf.. Germen fuperior, roundidi, retufe, deeply 

 five-lobed; ityles five, (liort, recurved; ftigmas obtufe. 

 Ptri:. Capfulcs five, roundifli, (lightly comprelTed, rough, 

 obtufe, clofe together, each of one cell. Seeds folitary, ovate, 

 fmooth. 



Spec. Ch. Calyx of live leaves. Corolla none. Capfules 

 five, approximated, roundilh, fingle-feeded. 



\.Q,. pharnachuies. Linn. Mant. 562. Native of the 

 Eaft-Indies. A fmooth annual herb, with the afpecl of an 

 lUecebrum or Pharnaceirm. The Jems arc proftrate, a foot or 

 two in length, furrowed along their upper fid'-, alternately 

 branched. Leaves oppofite, (talked, obovate, entire, light 

 jjreen, rather fleihy. F/o'Zvers fmall, green, in little axillary 

 umbels Fruit blackifh. On the fhort axillary branches, the 

 leaves, as Jufiieu well obferves, are oppofite. No other 

 fpecies has been difcovered. 



GISELO, in Geography, an ifland on the E. fide of the 

 gulf of Bothnia. N.lat. 61 40'. E.long. 21" 22'. 



GISGI, a town of Tranfilvania, near the Maros; 14 

 rmles S, W. of Millenbach. 



GISHI, a town of Georgia, in the province of Kaket ; 

 1 1 J miles S. E. of Tcllis. 



GISHUBEL, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Ko- 

 nigingratz; 20 miles E. N. E. of Konigingratz. 



GISING, a town and caftle of Hungary; 14 miles 

 S.W. of Steinam- Anger. 



GISIO, a town of Sweden, in Angcrmannland, on the 

 Qidea; 16 miles W. of Nordmalling. 



GISLaWY, a town of Sweden, in the province of Sma 

 land; 40 miles S. W. of Jonkioping. 



GISON, or Geison, in the Jeiu'ijh Antiqu'a'tes, a little 

 wall about bread high, made round the temple properly fo 

 called, and the altar of burnt facrifices, to keep the people 



G I V 



3t a dillance. Jofephur., in his Book of Antiquities, makes 

 it to be three cubits high ; and but one, in his Hiilory of 

 the Jewidl v.-ar. Jof. Antiq. lib. viii, cap. 2, p. 262. et de 

 Bello .lud l:b. vi. p. 918. C;ilm. Dift. Bibl. 



GISORS, in Geography, a town of I'Vancc, in the depart- 

 ment of the Eure, and chief place of a canton, in the dif- 

 trift of Les Andelys; 27 miles N. E. of Evreux. The 

 place contains 3500, and the canton 9496 iiiliabitants, on a 

 territory of 147.I kiliomet."es, in 23 communes. N. lat. 

 49 17'. E. Icng. I" 50'. 



GISSINGHEI?.!, a town of Germany, in the county 

 of Wertheim; 15 miles S. of AVertlicim. 



GISTAIN, a town of Spain, in A..rragon, fituated on 

 a brook in the Pyrenees, on the confines of France, haviiUT 

 in its vicinity mines of cobalt; 15 miles N.of Ainfa. 



GISTO, a fmall ifiand in the Adriatic. N. lat. ^4.^ 36'. 

 E. long. 14^ 51'. 



GiSUND, a town of Norway, in the diocefe of Dron- 

 theim ; 44 miles N. W. of Drontheim. 



GITHAGO. in Boldiiy, a nair.e ufed by fome author.s, 

 particularly by Pliny, for the lolium or dariiel-grafs. 



GITI, in Geography, a town of Thibet ; 234 m.iles N E. 

 of Delhi. N lat. 32'- !c'. E.long. 79' 36'. 



GITPOUR, a town of Mocaumpour; 47 miks S.W. 

 of Mocaumpour. 



GlTSCHlN, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Ko- 

 nigingratz; 22 miles "N.W. of Kon'gingratz. N.lat. 50" 23'. 

 E. long. 15 20'. 



GITTITH. This word occurs frequently in the Pfalms, 

 and is generally tranflatcd ii'iiie-prr^es. The conjeftures of 

 interpreters are various conceriiiiig this word gittith. Some 

 think it fignifies a fort of luufical inllruniLUt; others, that 

 the Pfalms, wi h this title, were fung after the vintage; 

 lalUy, others, that the hymns of tliis kind were invented in 

 the city of Gath, Calmet is rather of opinion, that it was 

 gK-en to the clals of young women, or fungllrelfes of Gath, 

 to be fung by them. (Pf. viii i. Ixxxi, i. Ixxxiv. 1.) Dr. 

 Hammond tliinks that the Pfalms, with this title, were all 

 fet to the fame tune, and made on Goliah the Gittite. 



GIVA, in Geography, a town of Aliatic Turkey, in Na- 

 tolia; 32 miles S. E. of Milets. 



G I V ANI ROTONDO, a town of Naples, in Capitanata ; 

 9 miles W. of Monte St. Angelo. 



GIUDEL, a fmall illand, near the fouth coail of Sar- 

 dinia. N. lat. 39^ i'. E. long. 9' 3'. 



GIUDUCCA, La, or Zuecc'.\, one of the iflands ad- 

 joining to the city of Venice, which is faid to owe its name 

 to the Jews, who formerly refided tliere. It contains 10 

 churches, 4 nionafteries, and as many nunneries. 



GIVEN, D.VTU.M, a term very frequently ufed in Ma- 

 thematics, fignifying a thing which is fuppofed to be known. 



Thus, if a magnitude be known, or we can find another 

 equal to it, we fay, it is a given magnitude, or that fuch a 

 thing is given in magnitude. 



It the pofition of any thing be fuppofed as known, we 

 fay, given in pofition. 



Thus, if a circle be aftually defcribed on a plane, its cen- 

 tre is given in pofition, its circumference given in magnitude, 

 and the circle is given both in pofition and magnitude. 



A circle may be given in magnitude only; as when only 

 its diameter is given, and the circle not actually defcribed. 



If the kind or fpecies of any figure be given, thev fay, 

 given in Ipecie. If a ratio between any two quantities is 

 knov.-n, they are faid to be given in proportion. See I).\ta. 



GIVET, in Geography, a town of France, in tlie depart- 

 ment of the Ardennes, and chief place of a canton, in tlie 

 dillrift of Rocroy; 15 miles N. E, of Rocroy. N.lat 50' 7'. 



E. lung. 



