G L A 



G L A 



earl, he it. ghidio fucdnlluj ', to figiiify, that he had a jurif- 

 difti«n over the county. 



Gladius /•;};■;>, in Ichthyology, a name ufed by many for 

 the fword-fidi, called alfo the xij)hiis, which fee. 



GLADKA, in Geography, a fort of RulTia, in the go- 

 vcrnroent of Caucafus, on the Malva^ 36 milts W. of 

 Kjniar. 

 GLADWIN. See Iris. 



Gl.^dwik, John, in Biography, the late organift of South 

 Audley chapel, was the firft performer on the organ at 

 Vatixhall, after the building of the orcheftra in the middle 

 of the gardens, and the eflablifhment of a regular band. He 

 was a pleafing player in his day, and a u*orthy man, who 

 lived to a great age, a^id died In 1799. 



(;LA1 R of Eggs, is the fame a? the white of rgg5, and is 

 vfed as a vaniilh for preferving paintings. For this purpofe 

 it is beat to an unftuoiis confiflencc, and cornmonly mixed 

 with a little bnuidy or fpirit of wine, to make it work more 

 freely, and with a lump of fugar to gire it body and prevent 

 its cracking ; and then Ipread over the picture or painting 

 witli a brufh. 



GLAIZE, At;, in Geography, a SS.W. branch --<f the 

 I^tiami of tlie lake in America, which interlocks with St. 

 Mary'.s river. By the treaty of GreenviUe, the Indians 

 have ceded to the United States a traft of land, fix miles 

 fouare, at the head of its navigable waters, and fix miles 

 fquare at its confluence with the Miami, where pert Defiance 

 now ftands. 



GLAMA, in Zoology. See Camelu.s. 

 GI>AMMISS, in Geography, a fmall town in the county 

 of Forfar, Scotland, contains 385 houfcs, and 193 1 inhabit- 

 ants. Here are two fmall manufactories of yarn, and coarfe 

 linen cloth. The earls of Strathmorc formerly poffeffed, and 

 occupied a noble caftle in this parllli. The remains of this 

 baronial fortrefs are dill very confiderable, and occupy a 

 commanding fcite on the banks of the river Dean. In this 

 parifh are feveral ancient obeH(l<s, or ftone erodes ; alfo many 

 cairns. Thefe are traditionally faid to commemorate the 

 murdered Ring Malcolm II. Glammifs is divided into two 

 parts refpeftivelv, called tlie New, and the Old Town. 



GLAMORGANSHIRE, the fouth maritime county 

 of South Wales, is fuppofed to have derived its name from 

 having afforded a temporary, though infecure, retreat to an 

 ancient prince, at a very early period of Britiih hiftory. 

 The ilory is briefly recapitulated by Spcnfer, in his Chroni- 

 cle of Britiih kings (Fairy Queen, b. ii. c. 10.) Glamor- 

 gan was in fucceeding ages an independent fovereign princi- 

 pality, dillinft, as thofe who i>rofefs to be acquainted with 

 the ancient hi'tory of Wales aiTert, from the rule and go- 

 vernment of South Wales. The principality, or fovereign 

 lordlhip of Glamorgan, as thefe perfons fay, contained the 

 prcfent counties of Glamorgan and Monmouth, the fouthern 

 and eailern parts of Brccknockfliire, and thi.t part of Here- 

 fordthire lying to the weil of the river Wye. 



The lordlhip of Glamorgan was fubdivided, at an early- 

 period, into a great many petty lordfhips, in every one of 

 which their lords exercifed "jura regalia," referving, how- 

 trvcr, to the fubjeft a right of appeal to the court lof the 

 chief lord, or, as he was termed, the lord paramount. 

 There are at leaft 50 ancient buildings ilill remaining in the 

 diftrift, univerfally underilcod to be the halls in which tlie 

 tourts of legiflation and of juilicc were held for the refpec- 

 tivc petty lordftiips. They are now commonly called 

 " Church-houfes,'' and belong to the pariflies in wiiich they 

 ftand. They are at prefent ufed as fchool-roems, and occa- 

 fionally for dancing ; an amufement Hill common in Glamor- 

 gauilure, though now beginning to decline. The ground- 



1 



floor apartments tinder thefe halls arc ufed as alms-honfes for 

 tlie poor of the parifli. From ancient furveys and other ac- 

 counts of the lofdlhips it appears that before the rcformatior) 

 a market was held in each of thele halls every Sunday morn- 

 ing, till the toUing of the firil bell, which is faid to have 

 been intended as a notice for the buiinefs of the market to 

 ceafe. The fecond bell was a fignal of prcjjaniiion for 

 church, and the third for the cominencement of divine fer- 

 vice, during which no door, but the church door, was allow- 

 ed to be feen open. 



This county, extending about forty-eight miles from ealt 

 to well, and 27 from north to fouth, is bounded on the N. 

 bv Brccknockfliire, on the E. by Monmouthfliire, from 

 which it is feparatcd by the river Remny, on the S. by the 

 Briilol channel, and on the W by Caermarthenfliire. The 

 grcatcil part of the fea-coaft forms a femi-circular courfe j 

 the weileni extremity being formed into a narrow beak be- 

 tween the open channel on the one hand, and an arm running' 

 round to the Cacrmarthennilre coafl; on the other. (See- 

 GowEK.) An ample account of the manner in which the 

 lordfliip of Glamorgan was obtained by its conquerors, is to- 

 be found in Powel's Hifl;ory of Wales, written in the time 

 of Elizabeth, or in Evans's edition of Wynne's Hift:ory of 

 Wales. The following abflratl is taken from Malkin's 

 work, Jeftin ap Gurgant, a petty prince of odious charac- 

 ter, waged war, in the year 1088, againft Rees ap Tudor, and 

 was affifted by Eneon ap CoUwyn. Unable to make an)' 

 impreffion on his enemy's dominions, .leftin commiffioned 

 Eneon to go to England, and to procure fome more power- 

 ful ally_ His propofitions were eagerly received by Robert 

 Fitzhawcn, and twelve other Norman adventurers, who came 

 to Glamorgan on an expedition, profefledly for the purpofa 

 of retrieving the affairs of Jeftin. The allies, marching againfl 

 Rees ap Tudor, came up with his forces on the borders of 

 Brecknockfhire. In a battle which cnfued at a place called 

 Hirwin, Rees was entirely defeated : and in his flight was 

 taken prifoner, and put to death. On this occafion, Jeftint 

 betrayed his charadteriftic treachery, by violating his agree- 

 ment with Eneon, to whom iie had promifcd his daughter iii 

 marriage, as a recompence for his fervices. Eneon, jufily of- 

 fended, was determined on revenge ; and therefore, when the- 

 Normans, after having fulfilled their ergagements, and hav- 

 ing obtained fatisfaftion for their fervices, qaietly returned 

 home, Eneon reprefented the injuries he had fuftained by 

 the treachery of Jeftin, and alfo the hatred of the country 

 to its tyrant. He alfo ftated how eafy it was to obtain pof- 

 fciTion of this feeble country, with the aid of the different 

 princes at variance with Jeftin. R. Fitzhawen, and his fol- 

 diers of fortune, availing themfelvcs of the favourable mo- 

 ment, turned their arms againft their employer, who was^ 

 unprepared for fo formidable a reverfe, and overran the coun- 

 try ; whilft .Jeftin faved himfelf by flight, and died foon after, 

 unlainented and uiirevenged. Fitzhawcn, upon a divifion of- 

 the conquered territory, took for his own (liare the caftles of 

 Cardiff and Kenfig, with the market town of Cowbridge, 

 and the demcfne of Llantwit ; appropriating to himfulf the 

 lands belonging to them, together with the fovereignty of 

 the v.hole country. The other parts were diftributed in va- 

 rious proportions among his followers. Eneon ap CuUwyn, 

 i.i particular, poffi-flTed Caerphilly, with Jeftin's daughter in 

 marriage, the prize which occafioned the contcft. (See 

 Wales.) With refpcd to the pifturefque charader of this 

 county, it is diftinguiflied by unbounded variety. It ha» 

 fea, mountains, valleys and rivers ; and it is faid to refemble 

 North Wales in general afpedl more than any of the fix coun- 

 ties. Its mountains are not fo high as thofe of Brcck- 

 nockfhire, but they prcfent, in a confiderable degree, the 



appearaocff 



