GLANDERS. 



I corrupt (limy matter, running troin llic noft-, oT a diiHrcnt 

 colour, according to tiie degree of titc malignity, or as 

 the int'cctioii lias bct-i; of a fliorter or Jongcr coiuiiiuance ; 

 being white, yellow, gicca, or blaek, iomclimes tinned with 

 t)lood. 



Authors afcribe it lo various caufcs : fome to i'.ifection ,•■ 

 foirrf to a diforder ot the lungs ; otliers to tlie fjilecn ; 

 fome to the liver ; and others to the brain. After it iias 

 been of fo long lianding, that the matter is of a blackifh 

 colour, which is I'.fually in its laft (lagc, they fuppofc it to 

 cmne from the ipine ; and hence they cidl it the inanniing of 



Kernel.:; and knots are ufually felt under the caul in this 

 (tiforder ; n:id as thefc grow bigger and more inihuncd, fo 

 the glanders increnfc more. The progrefs of the dileafe is 

 e-itremelv uncertain ; as fome horfes will endure it for many 

 years, without any other obvious inconvenience than a (light 

 „ difcharge and the enlargement of the glands under the jaws ; 

 and iniiances have occurred in which tlicfe fymptoms have 

 difappearcd for fevji-al weeks, and returned, pcrliaps, with 

 no auo'mented virulence. In moft cafes, however, the 

 courfe of the malady is more rapid ; tlie bones and carti- 

 lages of the nofe are fpcedily eroded by tlie malignity of 

 the ulcers, from which an abforption commences, and con- 

 veys the poifon into the circulation, gradually and fatally 

 CDntaminating the whole frame. Neither the appetite nor 

 the condition of the glandered liorfe fufFers materially in the 

 early or mild ftage of the complaint. When, however, it has 

 fprtad its dominion over the tlioracx vifcera, forming ulcers 

 in the fubftance of the lungs and in the v.-ind-pipe, great 

 pain and difficulty of refpiration are experienced, the dif- 

 charge becomes very coniiderable, the appetite is injured, 

 and the body of the unfortunate animal exhibits a pidlure 

 of extreme diiln fs ; and unkfs the humanity of the owner 

 does not induce him to terminate his fufferings, the difeafe 

 will, by tardy fteps, afford relief to the wretched animal by 

 diffolution. 



M. La FofTe, farrier to the king of France, lias taken 

 great pains, by repeated diiledions, to difcover the fource 

 and caule of this diforder, and to afcertain the proper and 

 ffteftual method of cure. He has diftinguifhcd feven dif- 

 ferent kind of glanders, four of which are incurable. The 

 firft proceeds from ulcerated lungs, the purulent matter of 

 which comes up the trachea, and is difcharged through the 

 noilrils, like a whiti(h liquor, appearing fometimes in lumps 

 and grumes : the feeond is a walling humour, that ufually 

 feizes horfes at the decline of a difiafe caufcd by too hard 

 labour, and proceeds from the lungs : the third is a malig- 

 nant dilcharge, which fometimes attends the (Irangles, 

 falls upon the lungs, and is difcharged at the noftrils: tlie 

 fourth is when an acrimonious humour in the tarcy feizcs 

 thefe parts : the fifth arifes from a horfe's taking cold : the 

 fixih is a difcharge from the (Irangles, wiiicli fometimes 

 vents itfclf at the noltrils : the feventh, or real glanders, is 

 that above defcribed. 



M. La FolTe, after examining, by di{recfion, the carcafcs 

 of "-landcred horfes, and making a drift fcrutiny into the 

 ftate of the vifcera, alTdled in his enquiry by ingenious 

 anatomifts for the fpace of ten years, afSrms tin's difeafe 

 to be altogether local, and that the true feat of it is in 

 the pituitary membrane which lines the partition along the 

 infide of the nofe, the maxillar)- linufles or cavities ot the 

 check-bones on each fide of the nofe, and the frontal 

 finutfcs or cavities above the orbits of the eyes ; that the 

 •vifcera-, as the liver, lungs, &c. of glandered horfes are, 

 -in..genetal, very found ; and, thereforej tliat the (eat of the 



5 



disorder is not in lliofe parts, as many authors Lave af- 

 fertcd. 



He found tlufe cavities more or lefs filled with a rifcous 

 (limy irjRtter : the membrane, which lines both thim and the 

 nollrils, infl.untd, thickened, and carrodcd with fordid ul- 

 cers, which, in lomc cafes, had eat into the bones. He 

 obfervea, that, when glandered horfes difcharge matter from 

 both nollrils, both fides of llic membrane and cavities wer» 

 aflefted ; but when they ran at one noftril only, that fide 

 only was found dilleinpcred ; and if one gland only was af- 

 fected the horfe difcharged from one nollril only : hut if 

 both were afiefted, the difcharge was from both. It liaii 

 been obfervcd, that the glanders in horfes very muc)i refcm- 

 bles a diforder in men, called ozena. 



In this difeafe, if the matter (licks to the infide of the 

 noilrils, hke glue or ilitT j)a(le ; if tl;e infide of the nofe i» 

 raw, and appears of a livid or leaden hue, and the n-.attcr 

 becomes bloody, firtid, and of an a(h-colour ; tht-fe fvmp- 

 toms are very tmfavourable ; but v. hen only a limpid fluid ib 

 firil difcharged, and afterwards a whililh matter, the gland 

 under the jaw does not much inereafe, and tlie diforder lias 

 been of no long continuance, a fpe. dy cure may be ex- 

 pected. The cure of the milder kind of glanders niav firll 

 be attempted by injections and fumig.-'.tioiis. When the!.* 

 latter fymptoms appear, the horfe (hould firft he bled, and 

 treated as in the common di(ordi.rof cold ; and then, let an 

 emollient injection, prepared with a decoction of linfecd, 

 marfo-mallows, elder, chamomile (lowers, and honey of rofcs, 

 or fuch like, be thrown up as far as polllble with a (Irong fy- 

 ringe, and repeated three times a day : if the running is not 

 ledened or removed in a fortnight by thefe means, a reftrin- 

 gent iniec\ion may be prepared with tincture of rofes, lime- 

 water, &c. and the noilrils fumigated with the powders of 

 frarikincenie, maftic, amber, and cinnabar, burnt on an 

 iron heated for that purpofe, the fumes of which may eafily 

 be conveyed through a tube into the noilrils. When the dif- 

 eafe is inveterate, recourfe mull be had to the operation of 

 trepanning, vihich M. I^a Folfe perform.ed on three horfes, 

 two of wiiich difcharged from one nollril onlv, and the third 

 from hot!'. : he trepanjcd the two firil on that fide of the 

 head which was affefted, and the other on both fides, and 

 foimd that the wound and perforation filled up with good 

 flefli in twenty-fix days, and the horfes fuifercd no inconw- 

 ftienee from the operation. The method of performing this 

 operation will be underilood by means of Plotc XIX. Mijhl- 

 iany, pg. I , and the following explication : U, B, are two liucs 

 reprefenting the bounds of the cerebelhim, or back part of 

 the bruin, which commence; from the line D. C C is a line, 

 where the fuperior part of the finus frontalis commences, to- 

 gether with a view of the bottom of the finus, terminating 

 between the hr.es D and E, where appears a fublhuicc in the 

 form of a pear, which is the os ethmoides, or fieve-hki bone 

 through whieli the olfactory nerves pafs, cominiuiicating 

 fcnfibihty to the pituitar,' membrane. E R-pretnts the be- 

 ginning of the maxillar)- firms, terminating at M : the Ihnded 

 fpace between thefe lines ivprefents the great cadties. Y is 

 a bony pai-tition, feparating this finus into two parts that 

 have no communication : of which partitions tliea- are fome- 

 times two, reprefented by F and G. Some horfes have nei- 

 ther of thefe. N 'hews the place of the cornets or horns ; 

 O, the redoubling ; P, their middS; part ; Q, the lowxr part 

 of them : and M, the bor.y pipe or canal which guards tlie 

 maxillary nerve : A A is the feptum narium, dividing the 

 nofe from top to bottom, and feparating the two nollrils ; 

 L (hews the place where the trepan Hioiud be applied, whe» 

 there is r«alou to apprehend that the gkinders is fprcad into 

 the frontal finus ; E is the jilace where it ihouU be applied 



to 



