GLANDERS. 



to cbanff the maxillary fmus, tliovgli the roniid fpot between 

 D and E is preferable, becauic one orifice in this pl.ice will 

 ferve to wafli all th.* parts, Ijotii above and below, with one 

 injetlion. H (liews the pl.-.ce where anotiier pertbriition 

 fltould be made, as a drain for difcharging the foul matter 



wafced awav by tlie 



joction ; and this hole, kept open by a 



hollow leaden pipe, would, in all recent caies, be fu'ticii'nt. 

 I reprefents the inieclion tl-.rnun in by the fyrinjjc, wliich 

 flows out by the orifice and the noflril K ; and, during this 

 part of the operation, the noftriis fnould be held clofe. If 

 there lliould be two bones in the maxillary finns, it is abfo- 

 lulcly neceCTary to pierce through both, with a ftiktto or 

 fliarp-pointed tuck, as in the figure. The trepan fliould be 

 directed towards the interior part of the nofe, to prevent its 

 being obilructcd by the roots of the teeth. R is the tre- 

 pan, S the handle which turns it, and T the iaw-part to be 

 applied to the bone. The furgeon's trephine will anfwer the 

 pnrpofe for this operation ; but belore the inllrument is ap- 

 plied, a circular piece of the fcin, ot about the iize of half 

 a crown, fhould be firlt cut off with the membrane which 

 covers the bone. The fyringe (liould be large enough to 

 contain half a pint of injection. The injection hril ufed 

 (hould be of a deterfive nature, as a decoclion of birth-wort, 

 gentian, and centaury, to a quart ot which may be added 

 two ounces of Egyptiacum and tinfture of myrrh ; and 

 when the difcharge abates, and the matter becomes of a 

 thick confillence and white co'our, this injection may be 

 changed for barley-water, honey of rofes, and tincture of 

 myrrh ; and for completing the cure, Bates's ahim-water, or 

 a folution of colcothar, vitriol, lapis medicamentofus, and 

 fuch like, in lime-water, will ferve to dry up the n^oiilure, 

 and to reftore the tone of the relaxed glands. For this pur- 

 pofe Dr. Bracken recommends the following mixture : Take 

 of alum and white vitriol powdered, of each four ounces ; 

 calcine them in a crucible ; when cold, powder the calx, and 

 mix it with a gallon of lime-water and a quart of vinegar, 

 and decant the mixture clear for ufe. Tiie perforations that 

 are made in this operation fiiould be kept open, after the ufe 

 of the injection, by fitting to the upper one a piece of cork 

 waxed over, and a hollow leaden tent to the lou'er, through 

 which there will be a conftant drain of matter from the 

 finufes ; and both may be fecured by a proper bandage. 

 The growth of the fledi iliould be alfo checked by rubbing 

 with cauilic medicines, or applying the attual cautery. The 

 cure will be expedited, by giving every day a quart or three 

 pints of a ilrong decoction of guaiacum chips, by purging 

 at proper intervals, and putting a rowel into the horfe's cliell : 

 and if thefe fail, mercurials may be adminillered with the 

 phyfic, and the alterative powders with lime-water may be 

 given and continued for fome time. 



The following remedy is faid to have fuccecded, in fifty 

 cafes out of fi.xty, for curing the glanders, without trepan- 

 ning. Keep the horfe a day or two with fmall quantities of 

 choice hay, and fcalded bran ; then blow up his noilrils as 

 much alfarabacca, in fine powder, as will lie on a fix-pence, 

 evening aid morning, giving him tor drink Imall lime- 

 water, during four or five days : then boil two ounces of 

 elecampane roots in a quart of drink, till they mix, and give 

 it once a day during three or four days more ; then bcil two 

 handfuls of the white inofs th>it grows on oaken pales, in two 

 quarts of milk, till one is confumed ; llrain it and fqueeze 

 the mofs, and give the milk jail warm : repeat this for four 

 or five diys About an hour after the horfe has had his 

 drink each day, take a piece of Iweet butter, about the fize 

 of an egg, and about half an ounc&of hrimftone finely pow- 

 dered, and work them v.-ell together ; then lake tw<i clean 

 goofe feathers, as long as they can be procured, and make a 



hole in each of the quill cnd-^,' in which faften two lonj 

 threads ; then anoint the feathers well with the mixture,' 

 and roll them in dry flour of brinillone : open the horfe'a 

 noilrils, and thrufl the feathers up into his head, faftening 

 the threads to the top of his head, to prevent their dropping 

 out : ride him an hour or two morning and evening, and let 

 him (land half an hour after he returns to the liable befi»re 

 the feathers are taken out : purfue this conrfe eight or nine 

 days, bathing his head with camphorated fpirits of wine, 

 and afterwards confining his head over a t'-b of hot grains, 

 that he may breathe the fteam. A rowel may prevent a 

 relapfe. 



After all that has been faid, it is now generally allowed, 

 that no effeclual remedy for the glanders has yet been dif- 

 covered. The operation of trepanning has never been at- 

 tended with permanent fuccefs ; and whatever relief has 

 been obtained from the ufe oi various medicines, it has been 

 merely temporary, and the difeale has been pronounced 

 incurable. But th(nigl! all attempts for curing the glanders 

 have hitherto proved ineffeftual, the inquiry fhould he parfued, 

 and efforts for this purpofe Ihould be renewed till the vete- 

 rinarian's ingenuity and pcrfeverance are crowned with 

 iuccefs. Tlie analogy fubfifting between the glanders and 

 the venereal difeafe has led fome pradtitioners to recur to the 

 ufe of mercury, but the fuccefj attending it has been verv 

 partial. ProfelTor Coleman mentions a lingle cafe whicli 

 occured at the Veterinary College, in which the glandc-rs 

 yielded to the treatment employed, which was that of 

 repeated and long continued dofes of calomel, carried to the 

 extent of falivation. This folitary cafe led to many trials 

 of a fimilar nature, but, unhappily, without the fuccefs 

 which was hoped for by the proieffor, who exerted his 

 wonted ingenuity to improve the hint which this fingle 

 inilance allorded. Others have made fimilar efforts in this 

 way, with only a temporary abatement of the fymptoms, 

 but without ultimate fuccefs. Some years ago, great ex- 

 pectations were formed, from the ufe of the mineral acids 

 in the venereal difeafe ; and trials were made with thefe in 

 fome cafes of glanders, which were ineffectual. The late 

 profefibr of the Veterinary College, M. St. Bel, made a 

 variety of experiments for afccrtainiug the nature of this 

 difeafe, and for inveftigating an etfeftual remedy, whilll he 

 was profeflbr of the veterinary fchool at Lyons ; he has 

 ri'corded the cafes that lell under his notice, with his method 

 of treatment, which was very diverfified and multifaricus ; 

 but he concludes with obferving, " notwithflanding my 

 failures, I think that a remedy may be found for tiie 

 glanders.'" Many circumftances convinced M. St. Bel, that 

 the virus of the glanders has greater aftivity in fouthern 

 than in northern countries; and that its progrels is inoic 

 rapid in the mule and the afs, than in the horle ; but that 

 the former are not fo fubjeft to receive it by infedlion or 

 Cfntaft as the horfe is. The ufe of verdigris having been 

 recommended by a profeflbr of the veterinary art, Mr 

 I^awfon, furgeon to the Oxfordlhire light (h-agouns, gavi, 

 this medicine a trial in two cafes, thofe of a horle and mare, 

 beginning with one drachm daily, and gradually increafing 

 it to one ounce. But no' bencncial efleCt was produced. 

 Dilfedtion sf the horfe after three months' trial (hewed no 

 dih-afe in the brain, but it was altogether confined to the 

 feptum of the nofe and noftrils. 



As the glanders is a difeafe of fuch virulence, known to 

 be contagious in a high degree, and hitherto found to be 

 incurable, it is of importance to diftinguilh it frym other 

 difeafes to which the horfe is fubjecl. A told, which has 

 been fometimcs millaken for the glanders, may be eafily 

 dillinguilhed from them. In colds, there is generally <t 



certaii^ 



