G L A 



G L A 



calls them lapides informes ; and Lifter, aflcr l.im, rude 

 ftones, having imprcfTions of the cntrochi. Sec farther 

 Pliilof. Tranf. N° lOO. 



Gl.ANs Pt-nis, in yinatowy, the rounded cxticnnty of the 

 ergan. See Gknku ai ion, organs of. 



GLANSHAMMAR, m Geop-aph, a town of Sweden, 

 in the province of Nericia ; feven miles N. E. of Ohreo. 



GI-ANVILL, Jo.sKi'll, in Biography, was born at Ply- 

 mouth in the year ifi^T), where he probably received the 

 earlv parts of liis education : but he pnrfuid hi< maturer 

 ftudies at Exeter college, Oxford. He took his iirll degree 

 in the year 1655, and removing to I^incoln college, he gra- 

 duated maftcr of arts in 1 658, and was, about the fame time, 

 appointed clir.plain to Francis Rous, eiq. provoft of Eton 

 college. The death of his patron induced him, after a very 

 -fliort time, to return to Lincoln college, v.-here he fpent his 

 time in literary and philofophical iludiis, till the relior.-ition 

 of king Charles II. He became acquainted witkthe writ- 

 ings of Richard Baxter, and was an ardent admirer of his 

 preaching and religious principles. He is fa'.d to have been 

 an eager republican in ]iolitics, but, wlutlier this be the real 

 faft, has been much doubted. Upon the re-eftaliliihment 

 of monarchy and epii'copacv, he conformed to the national 

 church, a circumftanec that did not in the leall abate the 

 elleem which Baxter had before manifefted for him. He 

 became a zealous convert to the principles of the new phi- 

 lofophy, in oppofition to the fyftem of Ariilotle, and pub- 

 Jifhcd a work in their jullification, entitled " The Vanity of 

 ©ogmatiling or Confidence in Opinions," &c. This piece 

 introduced him to the acquaintance of many of the p:rfons 

 who afterwards formed the Royal Society. About this time 

 Mr. Glanvill entered into orders, and was prefented to the 

 reftory of Wimbifli, in the county of Effex, and in 1662 

 he was indufted into the vicarage of Frome-SeKvood, in So- 

 inerfetfliire. He publifhed in the fame year, but anonymouf- 

 ly, a difcourfe on the fundamental doclrine of the ancient 

 eaftem philofophers, which he endeavoured to prove was not 

 incompatible with revealed religion. It was entitled " Lux 

 Orientahs : or an Enqmry into the opinion of the Eaftern 

 Sages concerning tlie Pre-exiilence of Souls; b.-inga Key 

 to unlock the grand Myfteries of Providence in relation to 

 Men's Sin and Mifery." Upon the eftablifliment of the 

 Royal Society, he publilhed his former treatife, corrected 

 and enlarged, under the title of " Scepfis Scientitica ; or 

 confefled Ignorance in the way of Science, in an Eilay on 

 the' Vanity of Dogmatiling and confident Opinion." This 

 work was dedicated to the Royal Society, and the author was 

 almojl immediately admitted one of its members. In 1666 

 he publiihed his work, entitled " Some philofophical Confi- 

 derations touching the being of Witches and Witchcraft." 

 This performance, which is Hill regarded as a curiolity, 

 though very little creditable to the judgment of the author, 

 engaged Glanvill in a controverfy which lailed a; long as his 

 life. He was now prefented to the reftory of Bath, in 

 which city he iixed his refidence. Here he met with many 

 ooponents, who were apt to treat him but roughly, on ac- 

 count of his adherence to the new philofophy, which led him 

 to draw up a fmall but elegant treatife, entitled " Plus 

 L'ltra : or the Progrels and Advancement of Knowledge 

 fince the Days of Ariftotle. In an account of fome of the 

 moil remarkable late improvements of praftical ufeful learn- 

 ing, to encourage philofophical endeavours, &c.'' The au- 

 thor was violently attacked on this occafion, but he defend, 

 ed himfelf with fpirit and fuccefs. His reputation was now 

 firmly fixed, and he \s'as frequently called upon to preach on 

 public occafions. At a vifltation of the diocefe, he deliver- 

 ed- a difcourfe which met with general approbation, and 



which was ftegu?ntly re-printed; it was a 3efence of rcafon 

 in the afrairs of religion, againll jiilidelity, fccpticifm, and 

 fanaticlfm of all forts. He next attempted to fliew the 

 correlpojidepce betv.r.-n religion and the new philofophv, in 

 a difcourfe concerning the religious temper and tendency of 

 the experimental ])hilofophy which is profciTed by the Royal 

 Society. " \Vhiie," fays one of his biographers, " he was 

 tsntitling himfelf to the particular acknowledgments of the 

 mendn'rs ot that body, by defending the reafonablenefs and 

 ufeful tendency of their purlulis, he alfo contributed to 

 tlieir coUeclion of iuilruCtive and entertaining papers, fome 

 oblervalions on the mines in the Mendii> hill.^, and on the na- 

 tural liiiKiry and fprings ot Bath, which were well received, 

 and inferted in tlie Philolophical Tranlaftions." In the 

 year 1672, Mr. Glanvill exchanged his reciorv of Frome 

 fur that of Streat, in tlie fan\e county, with the chapel of 

 Walton annexed ; and about the fame time was mnde one of 

 the king's chaplains. In 1676, he publilhed his " Effavs on 

 feveral important Subjetts in Pliilolopliy and Religion," con^ 

 filling of the principal of iiis former pieces, revlfcd and im- 

 proved, U'ith a treatife, entitled " Antifanatic Theology and 

 free Pliilofopliy." Two years after this, his " Effay con- 

 cerning Preaching" came out ; it was written for the ])ur- 

 pofe of dilluading the younger clergy from that affertation 

 of wit and fine ipeaking, which began to be fafiiionable in 

 thofe times, and to recommend and enforce a plain and prac 

 tical method of enforcing the moral duties of the gofpel, as 

 the true eloquence of tlie pulpit. The laft work of this 

 worthy divine, was entitled " The zealous and impartial 

 Proteilant, faewing fome great but lefs heeded Dan"-ers of 

 Popery." Mr. Glanvill died of a fever at the early age of 

 forty-four, and Dr. Horneck publilhed a quarto volume of 

 Difcourfes, &c. after his death, to which is prefixed an ac- 

 count of the author. As a preacher, Mr. Glanvill was elo- 

 quent and pathetic : in priyate life he was truly amiable and 

 praife -worthy. He was author of various other tradts bi • 

 fides thofe already noticed, the titles of which are given in 

 the Biographia Britannica. To this work the reader is re- 

 ferred for turther particulars. 



GLAREANA, in Ornilhology, the name of a bivd de- 

 fcribed by Gefner from the figure, and fufpeAcd to be no 

 way different from the fpipoletta, a kind of lai;k, the 

 Al.AUDA Ciimpejlris ; which iee. 



GL AREOLA, a fpecles of Tringa ; which fee. 



Gl.MIi;ola, in Ormlholo^^y, a genus of the Gralloe order, 

 founded on the natural family called by Driilbn " Perdrix de 

 Mer," and alfo Ghireola. The character of this genus con- 

 fifts in the bill being ilrong, (hort, ilraight, and turned do\\:i 

 or hooked at the tip ; nolh'ils linear, and placed in an 

 oblique pofition at the bafe of the bill ; gape of the mouth 

 large ; feet four-toed, the toes long, lleuder, and connected 

 at the bafe by a membrane ; tail tnrcated, and «^)ntaining 

 twelve feathers. The number of ipccies, according to 

 Gmelin, are three, namely, Auftriaca, Senegalenfis, and Na;- 

 via, the firll of which, however, comprifes ieveral remote va- 

 rieties. Linnaeus defcribed this as a Ipecies of hirundo, the 

 fecond kind is a tringa of the fame author, and the third, f, 

 gallinula of Ray. 



Species, 



AusTRlACA. Above grey -brown ; collar black ; chio 

 and throat white ; breall and belly reddifh-grev. Gmel, 

 Hirundo mar'ma, Aldr. Hirundo riptiria, Merg, FnititKola, 

 Krani. Gnllir.nLi irythropns minor, Gefn. Perdrix demtr, 

 Buft". Sea fivuHotv of /lldrovaiidus. Will. 



The length of this bird is nine inches ; the bill black, 

 with the bale red ; upper wing-coverts whitifii;^ quill and 



tail- 



