G L A 



G L A 



cllimated nt l6,coopcrfons ; its contingent to tlie army, un- 

 iliT the old government, was ^^o men. According to the 

 tlivilion of Switzerland into i8 departments or cantons, in 

 1798, the canton of Glanis, together with the bailliagcs of 

 Wallenftadt, formed the canton of Linth ; but according 

 to the conftitiition of the zglh of May 1801, Glarua, to- 

 getlier with tlie bailliagcs of Si-rgans, Werdenbcrg, Gullen, 

 Uznac, and Rappenlchwell, forms the eighth canton, and 

 deputes live rcprefentatives to the diet. 



This canton is entirely enclofed by the Alps, except to- 

 wards the north ; and there is no entrance but through this 

 opening, which lies between the lake of Wallenftadt and 

 the mountains fcparating this canton from that of Schweitz. 

 At this entrnnco, the canton reaches from the banks of the 

 Linth to the farthefl extremity of its Alps, about 30 miles ; 

 form-.ng a valley, which bccoi;ies narrower as you advance, 

 and is Icarcfly n'.ore than a nuiflcet /hot in breadth at the 

 burgh of Glarm. It afterwards opens by degrees, and, 

 about a league from this bargh, is divided by the Freyberg 

 mountains ; at the point of this divilion, the two rivers, 

 I-inth and Serpfr, unit \ The hillocks of the Peak in Der- 

 byfliirc, fays Mr. Coxe, are mere mole-hills to the 

 Alps cf iGlarus. Thcfe ftupendous chains of rocks are ab- 

 folutely pfrpendicular, approach one another fo near, and 

 are fo high, that the fun may br; faid to fet, even in fumraer, 

 at four in the afternoon. On each fide are a number of wa- 

 terfalls, which excite attention. The valley terminates in 

 an amphitheatre of mountains, and the glaciers of the 

 canton clofe the view. (See Lin'th.) All the houfes iu 

 this canton, hke thofe of Appenzel, are built of wood ; 

 large, folid and compaft, with great pent-houfe roofs, that 

 hang very low, and extend beyond the area of the founda- 

 tion. Th? poHce in this deinocratieal ftate is well regulated ; 

 nor does liberty often degenerate into licentioufncfs. Cattle, 

 cheefe, and butter conftitute the principal commerce of the 

 canton. The cattle are fed in i'ummer upon the Alps ; it is 

 computed that ic,ooo iicad of large cattle, and 4CC0 fheep, 

 are patlured during tliat feafon upon the mountains belong- 

 ing to the canton. The inhabitants alfo manufafture linen 

 and muflms. Among the exports, a confiderable article is 

 (late, with which the canton abounds ; the prir.cipal qr.arry 

 being in the valley of Scrnft, where large ilates are dug \ip 

 that ferve for tables. Thefe quarries once furnifheJ Great 

 Britain with flates for writing ; but this branch of trade has 

 been fuperleded by the great flate quarries in Caeniarvon- 

 (hire. A great part of this canton confiils of mountains, 

 rocks, incacceffible forefts, and baiTen heaths, covered with 

 fnow ; and it is fubjeci to frequent inundations, and to the 

 devaiiations occafioned by tenipeilsand falling rocks. 



GLARNISH, a mountain of Sv.'itzerlar,d ; 7 miles 

 VV.S.W. of Glarus. 



GLARUS, or Glaris, the capital of the above- 

 defcribed canto.n, fituated upon the L,inth. The tov.-n is 

 l?.rge and populous ; and tiie town-houie is a handfome 

 llru&ure ; . 32 miles E. of Lucerne. N. lat. 26' cS'. 

 E. long. 9" 3'. 



GLASENDORF, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of 

 Konigingratz ; 6 miles N.N.W. <;f Trautenau. — Alf;, a 

 town of Silefia, in the province of Neifle ; 11 miles S.W. 

 of Patfchkau. 



GLASGOW, a very popiilous, handfome, and regu- 

 larly built city, in the county of Lanark, in Scotland; fitu- 

 ated on the north bank of the river Clyde, which is naviga- 

 ble for veiTels of 100 tons and upwards. In ancient times, 

 ard during the prevalence of the Roman Catholic religion, 

 Glafgow was chiefly diftinguifhcd as an archiepifcopal fee, 



and was of courfe principally under the influence of tli? 

 archbilliop and liis inferior clergy. Their power feems in 

 thofe days to have been civil as well as ccclcflariical, for the 

 charters of the moft ancient corporate bodies are held by 

 this tenure, the civil magiftratcs being only noticed as of 

 fubordlnate rank and authority, and the freedom fines, and 

 other emoluments areoprcfsly appropriated to ccclcliaftical 

 purpofes. The revenue of the diocefe of Glafgow, if it 

 may bccftimated by the extent of lands fubjeft to the pay» 

 ment of tythes, or (as they are called in Scotland) teinds, 

 muft have been very great ; for thofc burthens extended over 

 almoft. the whole of the counties ot Lanark, Renfrew, 

 Dumbarton, Ayr, Dumfries, ;md Galloway, comprehend- 

 ing the whole fouth-weft d^ftricl of Scotland, tud perhap,^ a 

 moiety of the moft fertile land in the whole kingdom. Of 

 this enormous revenue, fincc the reformation a fmall part, but 

 now of great value, has been appropriated for the fupport 

 of the univerfity of Glafgow, iom.c part for the payment of 

 the parochial ftipends, and a great part has reverted to the 

 freeholders or their dependants, and thefe are coiiftantly fluc- 

 tuating as in other parts of the kingdom. The infurreftions 

 and civil wars, which devafttited Scotlandfubiequently tother 

 reformation, and previous to the VLVoluticn, having divefted 

 Glafgow of all that attraction which it had acquired as tb? 

 archiepifcopal and occafionally as the royal refidencc, it ap- 

 pears to have been only remarkable as the occafional Icene of 

 thofe fanguinary and ferocious conlefts for v.hich the age was 

 confpicuous. It fell into the hands of the regent upon the 

 defeat and flight of the unfortunate Mary Stewart at the battle 

 of Langiide, two miles fouth of the city. It was long 

 afterwards battered and taken by Cromwell's army, and it 

 was the refuge of the defeated party, after the battle of 

 Bothwel bridge, fought between the regent (afterwards 

 James II.) and the Covenantcis. After the revolu- 

 tion it feems for many years to have been a place of little 

 importance, poifeffing neither a fufhcient degree of wealth 

 or refinement to render it confpicuous for elegance or luxur)> 

 nor fuch fecurity or ftrength as to make it defirable or 

 important as a military poft. At the time of the Union 

 with England, its whole population was eftiniated at only 

 14,000, a faC^t ftated in the houfe of commons by Mr. 

 fecretary Dundas, (now lord Melville,) in one of the debates 

 when the Irifli Union was in contemplation. SublLqucntly 

 to the Union, the rife of Glafgow in commercial importance,^ 

 even under the fucccfTive checks of the two civil wars^ 

 in 1 715 and 1745, of the vaftly greater comm.ercial cmbar- 

 raiTment, occafioned by the fufpenlion of its colonial trade 

 during the American contelU, and all the fubfcquent hof- 

 tilifies produced by the French revolution, has been p.erhaps 

 unequalled by any other place in the empire, or perhaps in 

 the world. Its population, under the aft of 1 794, including 

 its num.erous fuburbs, was returned at 94,00c, ani fiom the 

 conccalmient which was practiied from the idle fears of 

 ignorant people, many of v.hom fooliftily imagined that 

 caifus to be the precurfor of a military tonfcript.on, that 

 number is fuppofcd to be at leaft 30,000 fhort of the aftual 

 amount. 



Different hiftories of Glafgow have been publillicd. Of 

 thefe, one publiined many years ago by Mr. M'Urc, ore of 

 the city clerks, was much e'leemcd, but is now confidertd as 

 obfoletc. Others have fubfequently b'ien written by Mr.. 

 Gibfen about 1774, and rtcenlly by Mr. Denholm,, 

 about 1796. 



The hmits of this article noceffaiily preclude the pof- 



jlbility of enterbg much into detail, nor would it be cither 



amufing or inllruftive to tlie general reader. We ftialL 



therefore infert what remains eoiicerning the prefeut ftate of 



I this 



