G I, A 



GLATT, in Gfigrajii'y, a river of Germany, wiiich runs 

 into the Neckar, 2 milci N. from Suit/, in Wurtcmbcrg. 



Glatt, or Glaltcn, a town of Germany, in the county 

 of F'.iggcr ; 4 miles E. of Dornftctten. 



Gi-ATT, a river of Switzerland, which runs into the 

 Rhine ; 2 miles below Eglifaii. 



GI.ATTEN, a mountain of Switzerland ; lo miles 

 S S. W. of Claris. 



GLATZ, a principdity of Silefia, bordering on Bohc- 

 TT.ia, and fuiToundeJ by mountams. The internal territory ii 

 niountainoi!<:, interfetted with vallies, meadows, corn-fields, 

 woodlands and fmall rivers. It produces wheat, generally 

 fiifficient for its inhabitants, and has pallure for a great 

 luimber of cattle. It contains quarries of mill-fio-ies, free- 

 ilone, and marble ; as well as a great variety of precious 

 [loneii. It has alfo mines of coal, copper, and filvcr ; with 

 fveral mineral fprings. From 1561 to 1742, Glat/. was 

 ; Tne.xed to the crown of Bohemia ; in i 742 it was ceded by 

 tie cmprefs Maria Therefa to Frederick II. king of Pruf- 

 1 a, and his heirs. It forms one circle, divided into fix dif- 

 trifts. 



Glatz, the capital of the principality above-mentioned, 

 i; htMated on the NeilTe, and built on the fide of a moun- 

 tain, having upon its fummit a llrong catHe. The town 

 <ontains about 4C0 hpiiles within the walls, and as many in 

 f "Lir fauxbourgt. It is a place of conlldcrable trade. It 

 }ius been frequently pillaged and burnt ; 54 miles E. of 

 lireflau. N. lat. 50' 16'. E. long. 16 26'. 



Gl.\t2 Kogcl, a mountain of Auilria ; 12 miles S. of 

 Steyr. 



GEA'VACIA, a town of Walachia ; 35 miles W. of 

 E.ichnreft. 



GLAUBER, JoHK Rodolph, in Biography, a Qclcbrated 

 chemill of Amilerdani, who was eftecmed the Paracelfus 

 < f his age, was born in Germany in the beginning of the 

 fixteentii century. He travelled much in the purfuit of 

 chemical knowledge, and collected many fecret proceffes ; 

 and his experiments contributed to throw much light on the 

 r.impohtion and analyfis of the metals, inflammable lub- 

 .' .nees, and falls. In faA h.e palTcd the greater part of his 

 ..:'e in the laboratory. He did not always fee the pi-oper 

 uiplication of his own experiments, and vainly fancied that 

 t > had difcovered the panacea, and the philofopher's Itone, 

 ■ nicii were at that lime objecls of purfuit : and the dif- 

 .-jointment of many perfons, who had been feduced by Ins 

 } -1 inifes. contributed to bnng the art of chemillrj- into 

 t .jntempt. His theory is full of obfcurity ; but his practice 

 f.a^ perhaps been mifreprefented by thofe who lillened to 

 hii> vain and pompous pretenfions ; and who accufe him of 

 a ciilionourable traffick, in firft felling his fecrets to chemills 

 at an enormous price, of again difpofmg of them to other 

 Verlons, and iaitly, of making them public in order to extend 

 : reputation. Cilauber publilhcd about twenty tieatiles; 

 . I'.TT.e of which he appears in the charaifierof phyfician, 

 . otiiers in that of an adept or iretalhirgill ; in the Litter' 

 Ji' moil particularly excelled. However, it would be un- 

 .. .t not to give him the praife of acutenefs of mind, of 

 : :ility and addrefs in t)ie profecution of his experiments, 

 ..'. . of cxtenfive chemical knowledge. He wa.s the inventor 

 •-,• a fait, which to this day retains his name in the Ihops 

 ^ : oiir apothecaries. The works of Glauber have appeared 

 ■. ; different languages; the majority of edr.ions are in 

 Cl'-rman, fome in Latin, and others in French. A col- 

 lection of the whole in l>atin was publilhcd at Frankfort 

 in 1658, in 8vo. and again 165911) 410. An Euglilh tranl- 

 k.tion wr.s publiJhed by Clwillopher Pack, London, 1 6S9, in 

 tv^Q, Elov. Dir't. Hiil. 



G L A 



Or.AvnKR Sail, native or natural, in Minrrahgy, tlic 

 fulphat of foda of chemifts, was difcovered by baron Born 

 in the fait mines of Upper Auilria ; after which Mi.nnet, 

 Volta, Suckow, Gmelin, Breiflak, Palla.s, and others have 

 added to the lill of the hicalities of this falint fubllancc, 

 which is more frequently .''ovind in a native Hate than ha« 

 been fuppoied by fome writers. It generally occurs as 

 mealy clHorefcence ; fomelimes maflive, feldom Aaladiti- 

 cal or cryftallized : in which latter cafe the cryftaU 

 are defcribed as acicular and as fix-fided prifms, mure or lefs 

 flatly acuminated by three planes, fet on the lateral edges, 

 or fometira''S on the lateral planes : they are (liiiiing : their 

 hiternal lullre is vitreous. Fracture of the cryllals fmall 

 conchoidal. It varies from tranfparent to opaque accordiiifr 

 to its freflinefs. It is brittle. Its talle is a mixture of ialt 

 and bitter. Befides in the above forms, it occurs alfo, and 

 moR frequently, did'olvcd in certain mineral waters, in the 

 neiglibourhood of fait mines and fait hikes, where alfo the 

 etfiorefccnce is moftly found on moorifh ground, fand Hone, 

 marie flate, and new walls. For the chemical character of this 

 fait, fee Soda, Sulphat of. 



Brongni.ut has given the mod complete lift of the locali- 

 ties ot Glauber fait. In folution it occurs in the waters 

 of fevend l;:k."S ot Aultria and Lower Hungary, efpecially 

 in that of Nerlicdel, between the counties of Ocdcnburg 

 and Wiefelburg. It is met within Switzerland; in Spain, 

 round a fource in the neighbourhood of Aranjuez, and near 

 Vacia-Madrid, a.* e.llorcfcence, at tlie bottom of a^ravine: 

 the foiirce which ifTiies from the r^ine contains a great 

 proportion of this fait. Alfo the water of the Tagus is 

 laid to hold it in folution. In France it has been found netir 

 Grenoble. The ilccp fides of the Solfatara of Poiizzole 

 yield this fait, in one place, on the north tide. It is 

 common in the lakes of Siberia ; and it has been obferved 

 that the bottom of the lake Gunilkoi, between Toion and 

 Ilynllcoy, is covered with a crull of Glauber fait as foon as 

 the temperature is below the freezing point. Pallas tells 

 us that the apothecaries of Orenburg annually coUett a 

 quantity of this fait, which is depofitcd in autumn at the bot- 

 tom of a lake between the Tobol and Mioes. It is alfo found 

 in a lake near Gouricf ; in another between Utoilka and 

 MiniulkaVa, in the neighbourhood of EnifTey ; likewife at 

 the foot and in the middle of the chains of the Ural moun- 

 tains, near Tlheliabinik : in the lait of tliefe places, the iaic 

 ilTiies in the fpring feafun out of the earth in the form of cfflo- 

 refcence or froth. The clayey foil of that nttghbourhood does 

 not contain any G.auber fait ; whence this is fuppofed to bf 

 formed, in the fame manner as falt-petre i', at the lurfacc of 

 the earth, and by the aftion of the atmofphere. Lalllv, this 

 f.ilt is alfo obtained from the alum-flatc of Ditttweiier, near 

 Saarbriick, in the department ot !a Sarre, and from Ui« 

 akiuiniferou'! waters of Freycnw.-.lde, in Brandenburg. 



GL.\L"r.KK'ii Salt, in Citmi/!ty and Materia Midica. See 

 Siilpi: It of Soda. 



Glalbish's spirit of AFitrine Salt. Sec MuRIATlC yiciil. 

 Gi.AUlint's Spirit nf Nitn. See Niriiic ylciJ. 

 GLAUBERITE, a lately difcovered minersl, belong- 

 ing t > the chUs of ftdts, and of which M. Broitgiiiait lu* 

 given the defcription and analylis. This fubdaixo iValled 

 glauberite by its diicoverer, both in honour of the well- 

 known Glauber, and on account of its cont;iining a confidrr- 

 able quantity of the fait which boars the name of that alche- 

 n;ir ) was found among pieces of rock-falt brougiit from 

 Ocana in New Caflile, in cryllals r.-t'e:nbluig thofe of thuin- 

 lioiie, or axinite. They were (chici'iV on account of thjir ir,«dr 

 of occurring) mii'taken in Spain for.gypR-cr>-ftalj. 



Tlu; form of thefe fecondury cryllalc, is that uf an oblique 



*ery 



