G L A 



• 



call iron, fmootlily turned, and finely poliflicd on the furface, 

 and t!ic large or intermediate cylinder is generiilly of pallc- 

 board on an iron axis. In the common operation of fmootli- 

 ing by means of the calender, the velocity of the cylinders 

 revoK ing upon their own axes, is in the ratio of their refi)ec- 

 tive diameters, fo that an equal niiantity of fuperficiesis con- 

 ftantly expofed of each. In the glazing-calender, or machine, 

 it is only njcelTary that the motions of one of the cylinders 

 (lioiild be fo much accelerated as to produce the friction 

 necefTary to efftCl the glazing by rubbing againfl: the otlier 

 cylinders with which it is in contact, fo as not to be liable to 

 tear or othtrways injui-e the fabric. This motion is pro- 

 duced by means of wheels placed in the following manner : 

 On the axis of the main cylinder A, is a caft iron wheel of 

 any convenient diameter and number of teeth. This wheel 

 ■works into the ftuJ-wheel B, the number of whofe teeth is 

 not materi;-.! to the fpeed, and whofe diameter may be regulat- 

 ed fo as to pitch well into the remaining- wheels. The 

 wheel is placed to revolve loofely on an iron ilud, fcrewed 

 into the f;ame-work of the machine. The Ihid-whecl B 

 gives motion to the fccond ftud-wheei C, and it continues the 

 motion to the wheel D, which is fattened on the axiiof the 

 firil iron cylinder. The upper cylinder works merely by- 

 friction, as in a common calender, and when the intermediate 

 ftud-wh-el B is removed by beisg taken off the ilud, the 

 ivhole cylinders will revolve exactly as in the common ma- 

 chines, without producing any glazing effeft. The timpli- 

 city of this machine, the regularity of the glofs which it 

 gives, and the immenfe faving cf labour, are powerful re- 

 commendations in its favour. The great quantity alfo which 

 may be effefted by it in a very limited time, renders it pe u- 

 liarly adapted to meet the occafional exigencies of the ex- 

 porter ; and the additional advantage of its facility of adapta- 

 tion to the purpofe3 of the common calender, when glazing 

 is not required, adds to its value and utility. Upon prefTmg 

 occafions, one of thefe engines, by being conftantly employ- 

 ed night and day, will glaze from 600 to 800 pieces of cloth, 

 of 28 yards each, weekly. 



Thofe employed in the late Mr. Miller's works are driven 

 by means of a fteam engine, by which alio various other kinds 

 of machinery, adapted to the various operations of the bu- 

 linefs, are fet in motion Should any machinery of this de- 

 fcription be conftrudled in works wliere there may be a ge- 

 neral neceiTity of keeping them conflantlv employed for the 

 purpofe of g'azing, it will be very necelfary that care ihould 

 be taken that the moving power, w-hethcr water, ileam, or 

 horfes, fhould be ample ; as it muft be evident, even to thofe 

 who are not practically converlant with tiie calculation of 

 power and reilflance, that this calender, when employed to 

 glaze, muft require conllderably greater force to keep it in 

 motion, tiian when the cyhnders revolve in the ratios of their 

 diamet;rs, for the mere purpofe of common calendering or 

 fmoo thing. 



We are not in pofTefiion of fufficient ila!a to enable us to 

 afcertain, with any tolerable precifion, the quantum of re- 

 fiftance added by the friction; nor are we aware that any ac- 

 curate experiments have been made for that purpofe : but it 

 is evident that it muft be very great in all cafes. It is reafon- 

 ■ alfo to infer, that it may be confiderably increafcd or 

 . viiilicd by the texture or fabric of the Ituif upon which 

 t! I . gl.izing operation is performed. Hence, if thefe machines 

 I employed conftantly in large works, and fet in motion by 

 I fime power, which alfo drives machinery adapted to other 

 I rpofes, care muil be taken that the power be fufficient to 

 cf.=d; all the various purpofes to which it is applied. And 

 ■" dd this be attempted, under the impreffion that the glazi.ng 

 ^at be performed by the fajne power as common calender- 



CLE 



!ng, a deficiency wotild be found, which muft render it nc 

 cehary to difengage part of the machinery, in order to .five 

 fufficient momentum to the reft. This i., perhaps, one oAU- 

 moft common, and at the fame time, moft ruinou. errors 

 into wlnca the projecfors of large works, who are not mccl.a- 

 nics, are apt to ^al . In the /irft inftance, delirous that a 

 large cftabidiment fhould be fel to work at the leafl poffible 

 expence, they too frequently calculate too barely, and are 

 hen obliged either to abandon their whole fcheme at a Rrcat 

 lols, to work It under lerious and ruinous inconvoniencM, or 

 to repair, at a triple exj.ence, what ihev have left deficient 

 at lirlt. 



GLAZOY,m Geography, a town of Ruffia, in the co. 

 vernment "f \ mtka on the Tchevtza ; 56 miles J- .S.E.^f. 

 V latka. N.lat. 58=" 5. E. long. 51''. 



GLEAD, or iiL.WY, in OrmihrJogy, a name ufcd in the 

 northern parts of the kingdom for the rnlhu,, i,v Lite. S.j 



GLEAM is popularly ufed f<,r a rav or beam of hAA. 

 Among falconers a ha^vk is faid to gleam, when fhe call. 

 or ttnows up hlth from the gorge. 



GEE AN, in Geography, a 'river of England, whidi rifes 

 a.jout fouror five miles N. of Stamford in Lincoln/hire, and 

 runs mto tne eftuary called the Wafti, five miles N.E. of 

 0]ialding. 



GLEANING, the ad of gathering or picking up the 

 ears of corn left behind, after the field has been reaped; and 

 the crop carried home. 



By the cuftoms of fome countries, particularly thofe of Me. 

 lun and Eftampes, all farmers and others are forbidden, either 

 by themfclves or fervants, to put any cattle into the litlds, or 

 prevent the gleamng in any manner whatever, for the fpace of 

 twenty-four hours after the carrying off the com ; op penally 

 of c<)nlifcation, &c. It hath been faid, that by the com- 

 mon law and cuftom of England the poor are allowed to in- 

 ter and glean upon another's ground after the harveft, »iU.out 

 bemg guilty of trefpafs. Gilb. Jo. 253. Trials per p,,U, 

 ch. 15. 438. This humane provifion feems to be borrowed 

 from the Mofaic law. Levit. xix. 9. xxiii. 22. Deut. xxiv 

 uj, &c. 



Gleaning is a practice that is little heard of in the more 

 northern parts of the kingdom, but which prevails greatly in 

 fome of the fouthern diftrids. Tlie cuftom is of .rn-at ^iti- 

 quity ; and whether or not the poor have any legit] right, in 

 this country, to glean, except by the exprcfs permiflion of the 

 farmer, it has however been fo long fanclioned by its coiui- 

 miance, that it is but rarely interrupted or put a flop to bv him. 



In fome places where it is carried on to excefs, it would 

 fcem neceftary for the farmers to m.ikc regulations in refp.cl 

 to It, that ftiould not be broken through on anv account 

 whatever. If this be not the cafe, the abufc is frequently 

 fo great that they are much injured by it, " as the poor glean 

 an-.ong the (heaves, and too often from them," as is notorious 

 to thofe who have attended to the pradlcc. It has been there- 

 fore fuggefled to make it a rule not to fLffer a gleaner to en- 

 ter a wheat field until it is wholly clearei! of the crop, w hicli 

 would, no doubt, prove a very beneficial ngulali.in. It 

 dots not, however, upon the whole, appear that much ben< - 

 nefit is derived to the poor from the culioni, while it e\i- 

 dently leads to idlencfs, immorality, pilfering, and a loofei.efs 

 of difpi.fition. 



GLEBA Alaxa, a name by which fome call the ycU 

 lowifli white tripoli. 



G1.E3.1:, /lililiai. In the civil law, fiavos were faid to be 

 annexed to the glebe; /. c. they went with it, were fold wi>h 

 it, &c. 



The right of patronage fhould be annexed to a glebe. 



2 GLEBE, 



