G L U 



pnthiifiafm vani<h, and the whole becomes a pi'jce ol" told 

 mechanifm. It is ci-rtainlv nccclTary for profcffors to lludy 

 caiife and effect, and to make thcmfelvcs well acquainted with 

 t!ie fundamental rules of their art ; but \vc would advi(e true 

 lovers of niulic to ////Vn more than talk, and give way to their 

 feelings, nor lofe the plcafurc which melody, harmony, and 

 expreffion ought to give, in idle enquiries into the nature and 

 accuracy of tlieir auricular ftnfation. 



The cliovalier Gluck, after returning to Vienna fnim Pa- 

 ris, and being rendered incapable of writing by a paralytic 

 ftrokein 1784, only lingered in a debilitated Hate till the au- 

 tumn of 1787, wlien he died at the age of fevcnty-three. 



Gluck had great merit as a bold, daring, nervous com- 

 pofer ; and as fuch, in his French operas, he was unrivalled. 

 But he was not fo univerfal as to be exclufively admired and 

 praifed at th? expence of all other compofers ancient and 

 modern. His flyle was peculiarly convenient to France, 

 where there were no good fingers, and where no good 

 iinging was expected or underilood by the public in ge- 

 neral ; and where the poetry was fel up againft mulic,_with- 

 out al!o\ving equality, or even an opportunity of m;;n:teiliiig 

 her moll captivaling vocal powers. 



It is, however, allowed by an exclufive admirer of Gluck, 

 in the Encycl. Meth., th.at " the Italians have the glory of 

 having furnilhed examples of almoil every kind of beauty 

 of which mufic is fufceplible, and of having diffeminated 

 their talfe in every part of Europe ;" but adds, that " France 

 will owe to the celebrated Gluck the having firft conceived 

 the fv'ilem of a mufic truly dramatic, and our theatre w;U 

 fui-niih true models of it lo o.her nations, and to poilerity. 

 Let us halleu to (leal from the Italians and the Germans the 

 glory of laying t'le true foundation of a mufical fyilem and 

 of transforming the moll amiable and touching of arts, into 

 a fcience a; interciling as it is fertile." 



Gluck, in a moment oi fraiichife, over a bottle, faid " the 

 French area very good fort of people, who love mufic, and 

 want fings ia their op;ra? ; but they have no fingers." And 

 Sacclnni, being a(l<ed liow his opt> r» vvere executed at Paris, 

 faid, " Godf;>rb:d I f.iould ever go to hear them perform- 

 ed!'' Andtlicfeare the people who are to furmlh models 

 of dramatic mufic to Italy, and to all the relk of Earopc ! 

 . GLUCKSBURG, in dc^^rnphy, a town of Denrn^ark, 

 with a fortrcfs, m the duchy of bk-lwick ; nine miies E. of 

 Flenlburg. 



GLUCKSTADT, a fea-port town ef Germany, in 

 the duchy of Holllein, belonging to Denmark, fituated on 

 the Elbe. This tov.'n is regular and well-buih, and its mar- 

 ket place comm.ands ihe chief llreets. Several canals run 

 through it, and the principal one erodes near the market 

 place, and is here connefted with anctlier, which divides the 

 town into tv.o nearly equal parts. Ou the land lidc it may 

 be laid under water. Glucklladt is the feat of the king's 

 regency, and of the ofEces and courts connedted with it. 

 Here is alfo a granunar-fchool. The Calvinills are permitted 

 to have a church, the Roman Catholics a chapel, and the 

 Jews a fynagogue. In 1738a commercial college was in- 

 ftituted here by king Chrillian VI., as it was a place of 

 fome trade; and in 1750, king Frederic V. ellablilhed an 

 ofhce for keeping the harbour, adjoining to which is a bafin 

 for the reception of vefTels, in good condition. Gluckftadt 

 was built in 1620 by permiffion of Chriilian IV. in a waile 

 called the Wildernefs, and in the patent granted to it, he 

 ordered that it ih.iuld be called Glucklladt, or the Fortunate 

 Town ; he alfo conferred upon it many cufloms, rights and 

 privileges, fuch as were enjoyed by the town of Wilier ; 

 and it was fooa aiter invelled v. ith th* Lubeck and Ham- 



G L U 



burgh rights. It is diftant 28 miles N.W. from liamburglu 

 N. lat. 53 51'. E. long. 9 20'. 



GLUE, Gl.LiTEK, a vifcid, tenacious matter, fcrving as 

 a cement to bind or connect divers things together. 



Tliere arc divers kinds of glues made ufe of in the divers 

 arts ; as the common glue, glove glue, parchment glue : but 

 thetwola;l are more properly called y;ac. 



The common or llrong glue is a commodity ufed by 

 numerous kinds of artificers ; as joiners, cabinet-maker?, 

 cale-makers, hatters, book-binders, &:c and the cunfumption 

 thereof is very conliderable. The bell is that made in Eng- 

 land, in fquare pieces of a ruddy brown colour : Flanders 

 glue, which is whitilh and tranfparent, ii held the next after 

 the Eiighlh. The moll ordinaiy glue of France is black 

 and opaque. 



Glue is made of the (kins of all kinds of beads ; as oxen, 

 cows, calves, (heep, &c. The older t!ie beall is, the better 

 is the glue that is made of its hide. Indeed, it is rare they 

 ufe whole fl-ciiis for this purpo.^c ; thofe being capable of 

 being app'ied to better purpofe ; but they make ufe of the 

 fliavings, parings, or fcraps of the hides, and alfo horns ; 

 and foip.etimes they make it of the feet, fuiews, nerves, &c. 

 of heads ; and alio of tlie pelts obtained from furriers. 



That made of whole llcins is the befl , and that of finews, 

 iiC. the word : and hence, chiefly, arifjs tlic difference of 

 glues, and the advantage of Englilh and Flemifli glues. 



Glue, method of making Mr. Clennell, in the Monthly 



Magazine for 1802, gives the following llatcmcst of the 

 general mode of its manufacture. Tne materials above 

 cimmerateJ are " iirll digelted in lime-v.ater, to cleanfe tiiem 

 from greale or dirt ; they are then ileeped in clean water 

 with frequent (lirring, and afterwards laid in a heap and tl;e 

 water preiTcd out. They are then boiled in a large brafs 

 cauldron with clean water, fcuir.nnng off the dirt as it rifes, 

 and it is further cleanfed by putting in, after the whole is 

 diffolved, a little melted alum or lime finely powdered. The 

 icumming is continued for fome time, after which the mafs 

 is drained through badtets, and fuffered to fettle, that the 

 remaining impurities may fubfide. It is then poured gra- 

 dually into the kettle again, and further evaporated by boil- 

 ir.g and fcumming, till it becomes of a ckar dark brownifh 

 colour. When it is thought to be drong enough, it is pourtd 

 into frames or moulds about fix feet long, one broad, and 

 two deep, where it gradually liardens as it cools, and is cut 

 out when cold by a fpade into fquare cakes. E.ich of thefe 

 is placed in a fort of wooden box open in three divifions to 

 the back; in this the glue, while yet foft, is cut into three 

 llices, by an inllrument like a bow, with a brafs wire for its 

 ilring. The dices are then taken out into the open air, and 

 dried on a kind of coarfe net-work, faftened in moveable 

 fheds four feet fquare, which are placed in rows in the glue 

 maker's field. When perfectly dry and liard it is fit for fale. 

 That is thought to be tlie bell glue which fxvells conhderably 

 without melting by three or tour days' imnurfion in cold 

 water, and recovers its former dimenlions and properties by 

 drying. Glue that has got froll, or that looks thick and 

 black, diould be melted over again. To know good from 

 bad glue, the purchafcr diouId hold it bet\seen his eye and 

 the light, and if it appears of a Ihong dark colour, and free 

 from cloudy and black fpots, the article is good.'' Vvhen 

 glue is ufed by the carpenters, they break it and foak it for 

 about 24 hours in cold water ; and tlien melt the leaked 

 pxecesj caufing it to fimmer for a quarter of an liour over a 

 flow tire and frequently (lirring it. W hen.cooled it becomes 

 a firm gelly, which may be cut by any inllrument. It is 

 merely warmed for ufe, and in ihis ftatc fpread over the 

 furfaceof the wood with a ilifi brufh. In an interval from 



one 



i 



