G L U 



G L U 



obovaie, (landing on a cylindrical ftalk, which is rather 

 longer than the calyx ; ityle tliread-ihaped, cijual to the 

 filaments; fligma fimpV, obtiife. Perk, aiicl Sa'ili un- 

 known. 



Etl". Ch. Calyx bell-fhapcd, cloven, decidiums. Petals 

 five ; their clav.s cohering ronnd the llalk of tlie gernien. 

 Stamens inferted into the top of that Ihtlk, below the 

 germen. 



1. G. Benghas. I.inn Mant. 2. 293. Native of Java, 

 where it is called Benghas, and, if wc Tnilhike not, in the 

 Malay language Dodcc. This plant is unknown to all 

 botanifts except Linnj:u5, by whofe herbarium alone it can 

 be determined. His remarks have led the ftudents of natural 

 orders wide of the truth concerning it, for nothing can be 

 more unlike PaJJifora. To Sttrcuha it ha? fomc refcmblancc, 

 and we have been much inclined to refer it to .TniTieu's 

 Malvxeff, efpecially from its likenofs in fome rcfpeAs to 

 the AJfon'ia of that author and of Cavanilles ; but on exanii- 

 nation this likenefs proves fallacious. The moil probable 

 place for it is amongft or near the Cn^pandei, birt. the fruit 

 being unknown, leaves this matter in great doubt. After 

 all, it may be thought to belong to fome new order, wliich 

 the ihidents of natural arrangement are but too prone to 

 make on every emergency, and the French in particular 

 feem to think they (hew their ikill by their refinements on 

 this head ; whereas it is but an eafier fault, though a more 

 fatal one, than that of making too many genera, and ought 

 to be watched with tenfold care. 



The Gluta Benghas appears to be a Jhrub or tree, with 

 {lightly pubefcent branches and buds. Leaves fcatlered, 

 moll numerous about the ends of the branches, from three 

 to ten inches long, elUptic-lanceolate, bluntifh, entire, 

 tapering down at the bafe into a (hort footftaUc ; they are 

 fmooth on both fides, furnifhed v.'ith one rib and many trani- 

 verfe veins connefted by innumerable reticulations. Stimulus 

 none. F!o<u;ers nearly the fize of Cl.mat'ts FInmmula, or, as 

 Linnxus fays, of a cabbage blolTom, in a corymbofe pani- 

 cle ; whether terminal or axillary cannot be determined from 

 the fpecimen, though he alferts the former. There is fome 

 appearance of a glandular deprcilion at the back of tlie foot- 

 ilalk where it joins the leaf S. 



GLUTEA, AliTEKiA, in Anatomy, a large artery dif- 

 tributed chiefly among the glutei mufcles. See Ar- 



TEllV. 



GLUTEN, Axi.MAL, in Chemljlry. See Animal Fibre 

 and Blood. 



Gluten', Vegetable, a fubflance refembling the former, 

 and found in feveral vegetables. (See Vegetable Fibre.) 

 Beccari lirft found that wheat-flov.'er contained gluten in con- 

 fiderable quantity, and from this it is obtained by the fol- 

 lowing procefs. (Aikin's Diit.) " Moillen any quantity 

 of wheat-flour with a little water, and knead it with the hand 

 into a tough duftile palle, then let a very flender ftream of 

 water keep dropping on the palle, while it is inceflantly 

 worked about with tlie hands, and the water will run off 

 white and turbid, owing to the fecnla or ftarch which it 

 carries off. The pafte in the mean time gradually becomes 

 more of a grey and almoll femi-tranfparent appearance ; and 

 when the water runs off quite clear, nothing is left in the 

 hands but pure gluten. No other precaution is required in 

 this preprjation but that of not drenching the flour at firll 

 with water, but onlyufing a very fmall quantity with much 

 kneading, that the gluten may not be carried off along with 

 the ftarch. Good wheat-flour will yield in this way about 

 a fourth of its weight of gluten, and no other flour but that 

 of wheat will yield it, except in a very fmall proportion, and 

 hence probably the peculiar property of wheat-flour to make 



bread nrithout any other addition than a ferment." See 



BilE.AD. 



Gluten is contained in fmall quantity in feveral vegetable 

 jiiiois and other parts, and may be fcpnratcd from them. 

 Bird-lime is fuppofed to be chiefly gluten, and the green 

 fecula of plants abounds with it. See Bikd-lime and 

 Fecula. 



GLUTEUS, in Anatomy, a name given to three large 

 mufcles, concerned in the motions of the pelvis and thigh, 

 and diftinguiflicd from each other by the epithets magnus, 

 ni^dius, and minor. They occupy the outer and pofterior 

 part of the pelvis, trom winch they arife, and f>..rm the larg-e 

 flcfliy prominences named the buttocks. 



The gluteus magnus, or maximus, le grand fefller, ilii- 

 facro-femoral, is a very broad, thick, and bulky mufcle, 

 . compofed of large fafciculi loofely connedted together, and 

 feparated to a confidcrable depth by adipofe and cellular 

 fubilance, of an irregularly quadrilateral iigiii-e, and fituatcd 

 obliquely at the outer and back part of thf hip. The round- 

 ed fwelling, which forms the outline of the buttock at its 

 back part, and the projection of which hides the termination 

 of the large intelline, is formed entirely by this mufcle. Its 

 external furface has the fame degree of convexity as tliat of 

 the buttock ; the internal, which covers the tuberofity of the 

 ifcliium, and the great trochanter, is proportionallv concave. 

 It arifes, ill. By Ihort aponeurotic iibres, from about one 

 inch of ihe pollerior extremity of the crifta ihi, where the 

 bone extends beyond the facrum, and from the neighbouring 

 part of the immediately fubjacent notch. At this origin an 

 iipoiieurofis mav be obferved, continuous with that of the 

 thigh, and of the vertebral mufcles. 2dly. From the liga- 

 ment connefting the pollerior end of the iliac crilla, to the 

 back of the facrum ; and here it is continuous with the ten- 

 dinous origin of the latiflimus dorii, longiffimus dorfi, and 

 facro-lumbalis. sdly. From the external margin of the fa- 

 crum, near its lall foramen, from the tubercle at the fide of 

 the termination ol the canal containing the medulla fpinalis, 

 and Irom the articulation between the facrum and coccyx. 

 4thly. From the pofterior furface of the coccyx. 5thly, 

 From the furface of the great facro-fciatic ligament. From 

 thcfc points the fibres all proceed obliquely downwards 

 and outwards, nearly parallel to each other ; the mufcle is 

 at firft rather thinner and narrower, and grows broader and 

 thicker as it proceeds. Its upper margin isclofely attached 

 to that part of the femoral fafcia which covers tlie gluteus 

 medius. The fuperior fibres, having turned over the great 

 trochanter, join the upper part of the common tendon. The 

 latter is moll intimately connected to the fafcia lata, fo that, 

 on the firft infpeftion, the gluteus magnus appears to be in- 

 ferted into this fafcia, throughout the whole line of its front 

 edge : we cannot, however, eafily diftinguifli thefe parts by 

 cutting through the mufcle, and turning it afidc. The com- 

 mon tendon receives the mufcular fibres from above the tro- 

 chanter, to below the quadratus femoris, where it begins to 

 be attached to the bone. It is very firmly attached to tlie 

 rough line, which commences at the root of the trochanter, 

 and joins the hnea afpera, occupying by its infertion a fpace 

 of about three inches ; it is fituated here between the vallus 

 externus and adduftor magnus, to the former of which it is 

 connctled by tendinous and mufcular fibres. 



The exterior convex furface of this mufcle is covered for 

 a fmall fpace towards its upper part by a thin plate of the 

 fafcia lata, and is every where elfe immediately fubjacent to 

 the integuments. The inner furface covers the os innomina- 

 tum, the facrum and coccyx, the origin of the vertebral muf- 

 cles, the gluteus medius, the pyramidales, the gemini, the 

 obturator internus, the quadratus femoris, the tuberofity of 

 6 the . 



