G L U 



tire ifchium, t^; - rir-Tins of the femitendinofus and biceps, 

 the adducflor magnus, the fciatic nerve, and the great tro- 

 chanter. A large fynovial membrane, placed between this 

 mufcle and the lall-named eminence, favours their reciprocal 

 motions. The cavity does not in general contain mucli fluid ; 

 and it fometimes exhibits internal folds. 



The gluteus m.'ditis, le moycn fefiier, ilio-trochanterien, is 

 a thick a:ij broad miifcle, flattened and triangular, partly- 

 covered by the preceding, but placed more at the fide of the 

 pelvis. It arif'S by very fhort aponeurotic fibres from the 

 external furfaco of the os innominatum, immediately under 

 the criila ilii, running forwards to the front as far as tiie ante- 

 rior fuperior fpine, and backwards to the facro-fciatic notcli: 

 downwards it u bounded by the curved line, wliich marks the 

 circumference of the gluteus minimus. Anotiier origin of 

 this mufcle is from the fafcia lata, where that aponeurofis is 

 fixed to the cnila ilii, and where it feparatcs this mufcle from 

 the tcnfor vaginx. From this double origin the fibres all 

 take their courfe downwards, the anterior or Ihortell being 

 at the fame time direfted obliqu.-ly backwards ; the middle, 

 which are longer, paffing perpendicularly, and the pofterior 

 or longell, coming obliquely forwards. In this way they all 

 converge to meet in a broad aponeurofis in the radiate fibres, 

 beginning in the fubllance of the mufcle, higher behind than 

 before, and defcending, as it i-eceives the mufcular fibres 

 fucceffively, to the great trochanter, to be fixed to the upper 

 and anterior part of tliat eminence. Many of the anterior fibres 

 are mixed with thofe of the gluteus minor ; fo that the 

 two cannot be completely feparated without dividing fome 

 of the mufcular fubllance. 



Its external furface is covered behind by the gluteus 

 magnas, in front by the fafcia lata. The inner furface 

 covers the gluteus minor, the gluteal artery, and the furface 

 of the bone. Its front edge is in contaft with the tenfor 

 vagiax ; the pofterior with the pyramidalis. 



Gluteus minor, or minimus, le petit feflier, ilio-ifchii-tro- 

 chanterien. Tliis is the fmallell of the three glutei, and 

 covers the os innominatum by its whole inner furface, being 

 equally covered on the outfide by the preceding mufcle. 

 It is thick and flattened, and has a triangular figure. It 

 arifes from tlie furface of the os innominatum by very fhort 

 aponeurotic fibres ; beginning at the anterior fujicrior fpine, 

 and following a curved line, which extends from tiie latter 

 procefs to the facro-fciatic notch. Prom this line, of which 

 the convexity is turned upwards, it covers the bone as far 

 as the edge of the acetabulum. The mufcular fibres all 

 defcend in a converging manner ; the middle taking a per- 

 pendicular courfe, while the anterior are dirccl;ed backwards, 

 and the pofterior forwards. They arc all implanted in a 

 broad radiated aponeurofis, which lies on th:; external fur- 

 face of the mufcle, except towards the front, where it is 

 covered by a few fibres of the preceding mufcle. This 

 aponeurofis, as it defcends, forms a ftrong tendon implanted 

 immediately within the lormer, in the upper and anterior 

 portion of the great trochanter. It has fomc connexion 

 to the capfular ligament of the hip ; and a fmall fynovial 

 membrane is interpofed between it and the trochanter. It 

 is covered by the gluteus medius, and very (lightly by the 

 pyramidalis : it lies on the bone, on the capfular ligament 

 of the hip, and the origin of the rectus cruris. 



Motions proflucal by the glute't. — The mufcles, which we 

 have ]uft defcribed, move the thigh and pelvis reciprocally 

 on each other. Tlieir ailion on the pelvis may be obfervcd 

 both in Handing and walking. When we fupport the 

 trunk in the eiecl; attitude on both feet, the glutei magni 

 fix the pelvis firmly behind, and counteract that tendency 

 which the body naturally has to fall forwards. Hence thJe 



G L U 



bulk and power of thefe very mufcles in the human fubjeft 

 afford a clear proof that man was defigncd for the attitude 

 on two feet ; this gives to the human frame the buttocks, 

 which are feen in no other animal, bccaufe man is the only 

 biped among the mammalia. In the cafe now under con- 

 fideration the glutei magni are affifted by the femi-tcndinofi, 

 feini-membranofi and bicipitcs ; and antagonized by the 

 pfon: and iliaci, which poflcfs a force much inferior to that 

 which oppof.s them beliind, bccaufe they are aided by the 

 weiglit of the trunk. When the pelvis has been bent for- 

 wards, the gluteus magniis will rcftore it ; and if the cir- 

 cumftances admitted of this part being carried backwards, 

 the fame mufcle would produce that motion. The other 

 two glutei are not cffentially concerned in the attitude of 

 ftanding on both fi.'et ; but they are the principal agents in 

 fupporting and balancing the trunk on one foot, by inclining 

 the pelvis over the head of that thigh bone on which the 

 body refts, fo that tlie centre of gravity of the trunk may 

 be in a line drawn through tliat lower extremity. In, this 

 cafe their exertion counteracts the tendency of the trunk to 

 tall on that fide wliich is not fupported. Tliefe mufcles 

 are further employed in the fame kind of way in progreffion : 

 the glnteus magnus balances the peK-is while one leg is 

 carried before the otlier, and brought to the ground ; and 

 the two others fupport the trunk laterally, v.liilc the limb 

 of the oppofite fide is in the air. In the attitude on 

 one leg, the gluteus magnus can rotate the pelvis on the 

 thigh-bone of its own fide, fo as to turn the fymphyfis pubis 

 towards the oppofite fide. When the glutei move the 

 thigh on the pelvis, the magnus reftores the bone to its 

 former pofition, where it had been previoullv bent : and, if 

 the pelvis be carried forwards, it may move the former Hill 

 fartlier in the direction of extenlion ; the medius and femi- 

 raedius move the thigh away from the oppofite lim.b- The 

 g. magnus has the eft-cl alio of rotating the tiiigh outwards ; 

 while the anterior fibres of the two Imaller mufcles will 

 rotate it inwards. The fonn.T is a tenlor of the fafcia 

 lata. 



GLUTTON, in Zodcgy. See Ursus GuIj. 

 GLYCAS, Micii.vLL, in Biography, a Greek hiflorian, 

 who is fuppofed to have flourifhcd in the 12th or 13th cen- 

 tury, though by fome others he is referred to the 15th. He 

 was a native of Byzantium, but ipent a great part of his life 

 in the ifiand of Sicily. He is principally known by his 

 " Annals," in four parts, containing the hi.lory of the 

 world, from the creation to the birtli of Chrift, and that of 

 the Byzantine emperors down to the death of Alexius Com- 

 nenus in 11 18, iiiterlperfed with a number of theological, 

 pliilofophical, and phyfical difcuffions. An edition of the 

 " Ann;Js" in Greek and Latin was given to the public by 

 father Labbe, in 1660. The third part has been pubhihcd 

 feparatelv by Meurfius, with a verfion and fcholia. Several 

 letters of Glycas have been publillied in dilferent collections. 

 He was undoubtedly a very learned man, and thecorrcfpond- 

 ence which he maintained with the literati of his age (hew 

 that he flood in very high reputation. Morcri. 



GLYCERIA, in Botany, from >Xuxifo,-, yir.-r.', the feeds 

 being eaten in Germany, and called Manna-feeils, on account 



of their fwcet ta'le. Brown Prod. Nov. Hull. v. i. 179 



Clats and order, Triar,-irut Dlgynia. Nat. Ord. Gnimina. 

 This new genus of graffes is founded by Mr. Brown on the 

 FeJIucii fuitaiis of Linnwus, Poafuitans, Sm. Tl. Brit. 95, 

 with the following characters. 



" Glume (Calyx) of two valves, containing many flowers. 

 Spile/ei cylindrical, awnlefs. Pcr'uiitth (Corolla) bcardlefs, 

 its valves of equal length. Scale under tlie gcrmen foliurj, 

 flefliy, like a half fliield. Stigmas doubly cumpound. Seed 



uncoB- 



