GLYCINE. 



vmcoiiiu.floi3, oblong, with a furrow at oiii? fide. Pla-uicrs 

 fomewhat panicled." 



We cannot but afltnt to llr? propriety of fcparating the 

 grafs in qucllion from Poa and Fc/luca, as far as habit is 

 concerned, but we are very certain that PoaJiJlans, mcr'sl'imai 

 frocumhcnsy and r'lgida of Fl. Brit, and Cynofiirus durus of 

 Linnius cannot fail to go along with it, though we fear th;- 

 characters given by tiie iagacious writer above quoted will 

 not be found to liold good in all, if in any, of thcfe. Perhaps 

 the following d-linition of Clyctrui, formed on fimple and 

 obvious l..inn,tan principles, may be unexceptionable, as 

 embracing them all, and prcferving an analogy with genera 

 already ellabliflied. 



Calyx of two valves, containing many florets. Spikelet 

 linear. Corolla of tr.'o oblong, obtufe, bcardlcfs v.ilvcs. 



GLYCINE, from -, ^i:tu-, fivcet, the particular applica- 

 tion of which is not very obvious, having originated merely 

 from the fweet tafte noticed by Cornuti in the leaves r;id 

 tuberous roots of G. ylfios. This indeed is the original, 

 and perhaps the only true Glycine, the nvmierous afTerablage 

 of fpecies ranged under this genus, by recent writers, being 

 very anomalous in fruclffieation, efpecially tliofe of New 

 Holland, as will appear by Mr. Brown's delinitions when 

 the fecond part of his valuable work appears. — Linn. Gen. 

 37^. Schreb. 495. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 1053. Mart. 

 i\Iill. Dift. V. 2. Ait. Ilort. Kew. v. 3. 34. JuiT. 357. 

 Lamarck lUudr. t. 609. G^rtn. t. 154. Clafs and order, 

 D'uulclphia D.'canJrid. Nat. Ord. l\ipii:otuicea; Linn. Lc- 

 guminvj'a, .Tuff. 



Gen. Ch. CjI. Periantli inferior, of one leaf, comprerfed, 

 two-lipped ; upper lip notched, obtufe ; lower longer, three- 

 cleft, acute, its middle tooth longeft. Cor. papilionaceous. 

 Standard inverlely heart-diapci!, deilexcd at tl'.e fides, gib- 

 bous at the back, emarginate at the top, and llraight, till 

 driven back by the keel. Wings Imall, oblong, ovate to- 

 wards the extremity, bent downwards. Keel linear, falcate, 

 curved upwards, preffing the llandard upward by its obtufe 

 and dilated extremity. Stani. Filaments in two fets, (one 

 fimple, tlie other in nine divifion?,) {lightly feparated at the 

 top, revolute ; anthers fimple, Pift. Gcrmen oblong ; ftyle 

 .cyhndrical, rolled fpirally ; lligma obtufe. Perk. Legume 

 oblong. Seeds kidney-lhaped. 



Etr. Cli. Calyx two-tipped.. Stamens in diftinft fets. 

 Keel of th.e corolla forcing back the ilandard with its 

 point. 



Obi. Glyclnt Aphs and frutefcens have a two-celled le- 

 gume. G. mcnolea is a fingular inllance of a feparatlun of 

 fexes in flowers of this tribe. 



This genus has accumulated from two fpecies (G. Apics 

 and Jru!r/cenj'j in the Hcrlus Clijfort'ieinus., to eight in the 

 firft editian of Specifi Plantantm, nine in the fecond, fifteen 

 in the foarteentii and lall edition of Syjlema Vci^etnhiUum, and 

 finally to forty-four in Willdenou-. Thefe now form a very 

 lieterogeneons affeniblage, and tl-.e New Holland ones con. 

 ftitute a diilinct genus, the Kcnnedia of Ventenat, dilHn- 

 guifhed by its fpontancouliy reflexed llandard, and legume 

 of many cells. The whole requires a thorough revlfal. 

 Some are of opinion that G. Apios is genericaliy diltincl 

 from all the other.'", and if fo it would be mod convenient, 

 though this is one of th» original fpecies, to give it tlie generic 

 name of yipioj, retaining Glycine for fuch more common and 

 more numerous ones as may anfwer to the ufual idea (jf th.e 

 genus, an effcntial charailer being felefted to combine them 

 together. 



Glycixe, in Gardenir.v, contains plants of the fiinibby 

 climbing kind ; of which the fpecies cultivated are the 



3 



flirubby glycine, or Carolina l;!dney-bcan tree (G. fru- 

 tefcens) ; the two-fpotted glycine (G. bimaenlata) ; th : 

 reddidi-flowered glycine (G rubicunda) ; and the fcarlet 

 glycine (G. corcinea.) 



M thod of Criture. — In the firfl it may be effefled by 

 laying down the young brandies in the early autumnal 

 feafon. When well-rooted in the following autumn, thev 

 may be taken off and planted where they are to remain, or 

 in nurfery-rows, being watered when the weather is hot, 

 and the roots protefled in the winter by fome fort of flrawy 

 material. They are found to fuccecd befl in dry, warn', 

 light forts of ground. 



And the other kinds may be raifed by fowing iIt; 

 feeds when they can be obtiiined from abroad, or prodi.-ccd 

 here in pots of light earth, in the early fpring, being after- 

 wards removed into other pots, and placed in the green-houfe, 

 or Cape ilove. It has been fuppoled by Mr. Curtis, tliat 

 the two laft mav fuccecd in the open air, when planted out 

 in warm {lieltered fituations, and proteiled during the winter 

 feafon by fome convenient matting or other means. 



All the forts are ornamental in their flowery climbing 

 growth ; the firft in the open ground, and the latter in the 

 green-houfe and ftove colleftions. 



Glycine, Glucme, Fr. in Chenujlry. This earth was 

 firll difcovered by M. Vauqnelin in 179S. He detedcd it 

 in the analyfis of the beryl, undertaken at the defire of 

 Haiiy, who wiflied to have it afci.rtaincd by a ftrift chemical 

 inquiry, whether the beryl and emerald were as fimilar in 

 th.eir compofition as in the form of tlieir cryftnlli/ations. 

 The refults of this inquiry were conform.able to the expcfta- 

 tions which gave rife to it, and the exiftence of a new earth 

 in the beryl and emerald was confirmed by the experiments 

 of Klaproth. Vauqnelin, in the raemoirin whichhe announced 

 his difcovery, called the new Inbftance merely the earth of 

 theberyl : afterwards, with his affociates, Guyton, Fourcroy, 

 and Chaptal, he determined on the name ^htcinc, derived from 

 the Greek y^ty.or, fweet, becaufe all the iolnble falts of this 

 earth have the property of producing a certain fweet aftrin- 

 gent talle. ^'I'hen the name was feletted, the charafter on 

 which it was founded was pecuhar ; but though it ceafed 

 to be fo on the difcovery of yttria, yet as the name conveys 

 no eiToneous ideas of the body, to winch it is applied, th.'re 

 is no impropriety in adhering to it : befides, the taile ftill 

 ferves as a phyfical ehai-afterilUc ; for, according to Vau- 

 qu-.-'in, the fweetnefs of the falts of glycine has a fenfible 

 difierenee from that of the falts of yttria, particularly of the 

 fiilphat. 



Glycine, in its pure ftate, has not yet been difcovered in 

 nature : indeed, its occurrence in compound minerals is ex- 

 ceedingly rare, for it has only been found in the beryl, or 

 ultramarine, the emerald and the gadolinite ; and it enters 

 but fparingly into the compofition of thefe bodies ; the 

 bervl, in which it is moll abundant, containing, according 

 to the analyfis of Vauquehu and Rofe, no more tl-.an 14 /fr 

 c:;tt. From the analogy which exifts between glycine and 

 ahimine, the former is very liable to be taken for the latter 

 b)' chcmifts who do not pay particular attention to accuracy 

 in their analytical inquiries. The firft an.nlvfes of the 

 emerald made by Klaproth and Vauquelln afford %n inllance 

 ot this kind : and M. Bindheim committed a fimilar errer 

 in his analyfis of the beryl. 



To obtalit glycine in a Hate of chemical purity, finely 

 powdered beryl is to be fufrd with three times its weig'it of 

 cauflic potafli in a filver or platina cr-ucible ; tlie crucible is 

 to be expofed for two hours to a ftrong red heat, and the 

 mixture in fufion is to be frequently Ithred with an iron 

 rod, in order to keep ' the earth as much as pofiible 



fufpended 



