GLYCYRRIIIZA. 



TifT. Ch. Calyx with two lips ; the upper three-cleft ; 

 luwer iimpk'. Stamens in dilliiicl fets. Lcgr.tne ovate, 

 comprefTed, of one cell. Seeds one or two. 



1. G. cchtnata. Linn. Sp. PI. 1046. Jatq. Ilort. Vind. 

 V. i.t. 95. (Dulcis radix ; Matth. Valgr. v. 2. 16. Camcr. 

 Epit. 423.) — " Legunu'ii prickly. Flowers capitate. Sti- 

 piiias lanceolate. Leaflets fniooth ; the terminal one nearly 

 lelhle.'' — Native of Italy, as well as of Tarlary and tlic 

 confines of China ; alfo ahnnJaiitly, according to Dr. Sib- 

 tliorp, on the fandy fnorcs of Crete, Samos, and iillier 

 Greek idands, where it Kill retains its ancient nr.me un- 

 clianged. The long phant perennial roots, dee])ly defcend- 

 ing into the ground in a favoural^le foil, are cultivated, for 

 their Iweet taile and pectoral virtues, ;md are fufficiently 

 well known. The Jiims are two or three feet higii, nearly 

 fi:nple, leaty, round and ftriated. Leaves of fcvcral pair 

 of equal, elliptical, entire,, acute lea.lets, the odd one or. a 

 little llalk only like the reft, not on an elongation of the 

 main footflalk. S.'ipulas lanceolate, acute. Ficunrs feve- 

 r;il, in axillary, folitary, ftalked heads ; their colour a dull 

 purple. Legumes clotiied, in tiicir upper part efpecially, 

 with numerous long rigid prickles, rcfembliv.g the fruit of 

 Xant/jium Jlrumarhiri. Diolcorides compares them to that 

 of the Plane-tree. The whole herb is deftitute of pubef- 

 cence, but fomewhat clammy to the touch. 



2. G. f^t'idtt. Destont. Atlant. v. 2. 170. t. 199. — 

 Legumes prickly. Flowers fpiked. Stipulas lanceolate. 

 Leaflets fcaly beneath ; the terminal one nearly ftfiik. — 

 Found by Deffontaiues on mount Atlas, and in cultivated 

 fields near iMayane in Atrica. A\'e have it from AicsfTar. 

 Whole plant extremely foetid. Leaves much like the lad 

 in iize and {liapc, but the Jloiuers are pale yellow, in 

 long fpike.«. I^egumes crowned with tl;e permanent fljle, 

 which is longer in this than in the former. The Jliru 

 as v^-ell a:; both fides of the leaves, is bcfprinkled with mi- 

 nute fcales. 



3. G. glanduTifira . Waldfl. and Kitaib. Hur.gr.r. v. I. 

 30. t. 21. Willd. Sp. PI. V. 3. 1144. — Legumes clothed 

 with glandular briiiles. Flowers fpiked. Stipulas obfclete. 

 I^caflets cmarginate, glutinous and downy beneath. — Native 

 of Hungary. Floiucrs violet-ccloured. 



4. G. g/iiira. Linn. Sp. PI. 1046. Woodv. Med. Bot. 

 t. 167. (6. vulgaris ; Dod. Pcmpt. 341. Gcr. em. 1302.) — 

 Legumes fmouth. Flowers fpiked. Stipulas fcarcely dif- 

 cernible. Leaflets blunt ; the terminal one on a long llalk. 

 .—Native of the fouth of Europe. Moll commonly cul- 

 tivated with us. The leujleli are large, glutinous beneath. 

 Floiixrj pale purple, in long-ftalked axillary fpikes. Le- 



_gumes oblong, hr.ooth. We have a fpccimen of this fpecies 

 gathered in Circafiia, by the celebrated traveller Dr. Clarke 

 of Cambridge. 



5. G. aj'peirltrM. Linn. Snppl. 330. Pallas. Reis. v. 3. 

 t. G, g. t. I, 2. fG. hifpida ; ibid. 754.) — Legumes 

 fmuoth, beaded. Flowers fpiked. Stijiulas lanceolate. 

 .Ltafictb rouTidifli, prickly beneath. Sti m and footilalks 

 prickly. — Found by profefTor Pall, is " ;r. fandy ground bc- 

 •twcen the river V/olga and the Tanais.'' Pallas ]\LSS. 

 The root is extremely fweet, elpecially in the fj.ring. Slans 

 uf'iaily two, rarely three, aiceuding, a fpi'.n high, nearly 

 fin^;!e, leafy, rough with mmieroiis little rigid prominent 

 .prickles, as are the footfuiU.s, ar.d backs of the leaf.els. 

 The hitter ate roundilh or obovate, obtufc with a little 

 point, fmooth and veiny above. Flo'-^ers loiigifli, pale vio- 

 let, with whitiih wings aiid keel, in one or two thick fpikes 

 abo'.it the top of each flem. The legumes are drawn by 

 Pallas above uii inch long, recurved, of a necklace-hkc 



:forin, and fmooth, containing many feeds. The calyx is 

 . Vol. XVL 



Obli 



blong, purpliHi, rather hairy. It has the habit of a Gly. 

 <n-h:za, fl<,v.crs of an /Ijlragolus, and fruit apparently of 

 a Coronilla ; nor does th.e calyx anfwcr to the generic cha- 

 racter, being five-cleft. 



6. G. h'irfuta. Linn. Sp. PI. 1046. (G. oriental's, fili- 

 qu!3 Inrfutiihmis ; Tourii. Cor. 26 )— " Legumes h.iiry. 

 Leaflets oblc.n,fr.lanceolate, t!:c terminal one on a Ic.-.g flalk. 

 Flowers fpiked."- Four.d by Tournefort in the Levant! 

 Hoot perennial. Of tiiis we iiave fcen neither a fpccimtr, 

 figure, nor any further dcfcription. 



GLYfYRiduzA, in Gen-Anirg, furnifii»s a plant of the 

 herbaceous perennial kind, the comir.on liquorice (G. 

 glabra}. 



It is a plant wliich has the roots nmning very deep into 

 the ground, and creeping to a cocfiderable diftance, efpe- 

 cialiy where they {land long- unremoved. 



Method 'if Culture — A ligl;t fandy foil is the mod adapted 

 to the growth of this fort of crop, as its goodnefs confifit 

 i:i the knglh of llie rcofs. The ground in which it u 

 intended to be planted fliould be wcI! dug and dv.nged the year 

 before planting, that it may li.cve become pcrfedtly mellow, 

 and the dung v/ell rotted and mixed with the earth, other- 

 wife it will be apt to ftop the roots from running down and 

 bemg properly .'"upported ; and immediately before planting 

 it fiiould be well dug again to ih.e depth of three fpadcs, 

 and be laid very light and open. 



When the land is thus prepared, fre^i plants taken from 

 the iides or heads of the old roots ftocld be provided, 

 care being taken that ihey ha;e each a good bud or eve, be- 

 ing about ten inches long and perfectly found. 



The operation of planting them ft-.ould be performed 

 about the middle of March, winch is done in this manner : 

 a line is firll fet acrofs tl;e ground, then, n-ith a long dibbl.- 

 rriade en purpofr, the fiioots or cuttirgs are put in, fo that 

 tie whole plants may be fet into the ground, with the 

 heads about an inci; under the fur.'i'.ce, in a ilr.iight line 

 about a foot af.mtijr in the rov.;,, and a foot and a half 

 or two feet row fi-om row. 



When the whole fpt^t of ground has been tTius planted, 

 a thin crop of onions may be fown ovtr the land. Thcfc 

 muft be kept pcrfeftly clean by the hoe, care beilig taken 

 not to cut off the top nioe>ts of the liquorice plants, as it 

 woidd greatly injure them. All the onions which grow 

 near the headr of the liquorice fliould alfo be removed. In 

 Oclober, the fiioots of the liqu.orice Ihould be removed, 

 and a little very rotten dung fpread upon the furfacc. 



In the following fpring, about March, the ground fliould 

 be fiightly dug between the rows of liquorice, burying the 

 remaining pai t of the dung, being very careful not to ctlT. 

 the roots. 



During the fumnier they nnift be kept quite clean by 

 occafional hoeing. The fame operations mull be annually 

 performed, fo as to kee'j) the ground and plants in perfect 

 order. 



Tlicfe plants n-.uft remain three years from the time of 

 plaming, v.htn they will be fit to lake uj) for life, which 

 mould be doi.e when the (l^lks are |>cifecilv lU-cayed ; as, 

 when taken 'ip too fooi), the roots fl-.rink greatly, and loft- 

 in weiglit. 



In taking up the roots tlic ground is trenched over, row 

 after row, to tlie f.:!l depth, and the young (hoots taken 

 from the old roots cut into fets for new plantations ; which 

 ihould be made annually, in order to ke'cp a conllant fuc- 

 cefTion of roots fit for {jeing taken up. 



Tlie great art in this culture is to have the earth well 



trenched to a proper de'jith, to have good fet?, and to ketp 



5 C li^ 



