GOD 



againft God. Ttiefe, according to Blackltone, are apojiacy 

 and herefy ; wliich fee. 



GODDARD, Jonathan, in Biography, an eminent 

 phyfician and chcmift, was born at Greenwich in the year 

 1617. After ftudying for foiirycars at Oxford, he fet out 

 on his traveh, and on his return he fettled in praftice in 

 London, having taken his degree at Cambridge. He was 

 elei5>ed a RIIow of the College of Phyhcians in 1646, and ia 

 1647 was appointed lefturer on anatomy. In conjunction 

 with fome friendj, he formed a fociety for experimental 

 inquiry, which met at his lodgings in Wood-)lreet, and 

 in promoting the objcfts of which he was exti-cnicly 

 afiiduous. Having gained confiderable reputation, and 

 having, with tlie reil of his party, Tided with parliament, he 

 was appointed by Cromwell chief phyficisn to the army, 

 and in this capacity accompanied the ufurper to Ireland in 

 1649, *° Scotland in the following year, and thence re- 

 turned with his mafter, who, after the battle of Worcefter, 

 rode into London in trii-mph, September 12th, 1651. He 

 obtained many favours from Cromwell, who firil made him 

 warden of Morton college, Oy.ford, aft-rwards felc ropre- 

 fentative of that univerfity in the Short Parliament in 1653 ; 

 and in the fame year one of the council of il ate. Thefe 

 favours were fufiicient to procure for him the difpleafure of 

 Charles n.; and, being driven from Oxford, he removed t;o 

 Grelham college, where he had been chofen profefTor of phy- 

 fic in November 1655. Here he continued to frequent 

 thofe meetings, which gave birth to the Royal Society, and 

 %vas nominated one of the firft council of that inilitution in 

 the charter. Dr. Goddard was a confcientious and able 

 praftitioner. Partly from the love of experimental che- 

 miftry, principally from a diftruft in the knowledge of apo- 

 thecaries, he prepared his own medicines and recommended 

 the pradtice to be adopted by phyficians iji general. Finding 

 numerous obllaclrs, however, m his way, he pubHilied 

 " A Difcourfe, fetting forth the unhappy condition.of the 

 praftice of phyfic in London," 1669. But this was of no 

 "avail. He di'^d on the 24th of March, 1674, being feized 

 wi:li an apoplectic fit in Cheapfide, when returning from 

 one of the philofophic meetings. Two papers of his were 

 publilTiedin the Philofophical Tranfaftions, N' 137, 138; 

 and many othcrj in Birch's Hii'ory of the Royal Society. 

 ' GODDESS, Dea, Diva, a heathen deity, to whom 

 they attributed the female fi-x. 



The ancients had almoft as many goddefies as gods. 

 Such were .Tano, the gcddcfs of air; Diana, the goddefs 

 of woods and cliaftity ; Proferpina, the goddefs of hell ; 

 Venus, of beauty ; Thetis, of the fea : fuch alfo were 

 Victory, Fortune, &c. 



Nay they were not contented to make women gods, and 

 admit both fexes into the roll ; but they had alio herma- 

 phrodite gods. Thus Minerva, according to feveral of the 

 learned, was both man and woman, and wordiipped both 

 under the appellation of Lunus and Luna. Mithras, the 

 Perfian deity, was both god and goddefs, and the fexes of 

 Venus and Vulcan are very dubious : v.'hence, in the invo- 

 cations of thofe deities, they ufed this formula ; " Be thou 

 god or goddefs ;" as we learn from A. Gellius. It was a 

 privilege peculiar to goddefies, that they might be reprc- 

 fented, on medals, naked. The imagination, it was fup- 

 pof.'d, mu.1 be awed, and kept from ta.king liberties, by 

 the confideration of the divine charafter. 



GODEAU, A-rnroKY, in Biography, was born at the 

 city of Dreux in the year 1605. He was educated for 

 civil and active life, but having met with a difappointment 

 in the object of hi: affeftions, he repaired to Paris, where 



GOD 



he cultivated the (ociety of men of letters, and was one ot 

 the i'lrll of thofe who eftablifhed the French academy of 

 belles lettres. This fociety fuggclled to the cardinal 

 Richlicu the foundation of the French academy, of which 

 M. Godeau was an original member. He took orders in 

 the year 1735, and having enriched his own mind with the 

 moll pure maxims of ChrilHan morality, he taught them 

 from the pulpit with much eloquence, and he is faid to have 

 piaftifed them in all his aiftions. Jn the year 1 636 he was, 

 by the influence of cardinal Richlieu, nominated to the 

 bifiiopric of Grafle, and from this time he divided his time 

 between his ftudies, and the diligent difcharge of liis epif- 

 copal functions. He feuiid the Hate of ecclefiaftical difci- 

 pline exceedingly relaxed, and fet about its reformation ; he 

 perfonally examined the qualifications of the clergy, and 

 enquired in what manner they difcharged the important 

 duties of their office ; he frequently preached in different 

 parts of his diocefe, and exhibited in his own life an admi- 

 rable model of thofe virtues which he was anxious to re- 

 commend to the attention of his flock. He was in high 

 favour with pope Innocent X. who granted him bulls of 

 uiii m of the biibopric of Venice with that of Graffe, but 

 when he found that the people and clergy oppofed the mea- 

 fiire, he chofe rather to give up his preteniions, than break 

 in upon the peace of the church. He died in 1672, at the 

 age of fixty-feven years. He was a confiderable writer, 

 chiefly on fubjeC\s connet.'ted with his profefTion, but his 

 moll important work was " The Hiflory of the Church from 

 the commencem.ent of the World to the end of the Ninth 

 Century," in three volumes, folio. This is the firil eccle- 

 fialfical liiftory written in the Frencii language ; and though 

 compofed with lefs precifion than that of the abbe Fleury, it 

 pofTefles confiderable merit. It is charafterized by Dupin 

 as " exaft, faithful and agreeable :" he farther adds, that it 

 al.vays will have a merit, which neither time, nor any other 

 hiflorywillbe able to efface. Befides the hiilorv, we may 

 notice M. Godeau's " Paraphrales on the Epillles of St. 

 Paul:" "The New Teflament tninfiated and explained:" 

 "The lives of St. Paul, St. Augulline, and St. Charles 

 Borromeo, &c." Moreri. 



GODEFROI, Denys, a very learned jurifl, was born 

 at Paris in 1549. He fludied at Louvain, Cologne, and 

 Heidelberg, and upon his return to France acquired a high 

 reputation in the parliament, in which he was nominated to a 

 counfellor's place. In 1580 his religious principles obliged 

 him to feek a refuge at Geneva, where he was admitted 3 

 burgher, and a profefTor of the law. In 1589 Henry IV. 

 created him bailiff of fome villages at the foot of mount 

 Jura, and a fupernumerary counfellor in the parliament of 

 Paris. After this he was deprived of his employment and 

 his valuable library by the invafion of the duke of Savoy, 

 and in 1594 he accepted the profeffordiip of the law in the 

 univerfity of Stralburg. In 1604, at the invitation of Frede- 

 rick, eleilor-palatine, he went to fettle at Heidelberg, and in 

 1618 that prince fent him on an embaffy to Lev.-is XIII., 

 who received him with marks of high elleem. He died at 

 Strafburg in 1 622, leaving behind him many works that teilify 

 to his great learning. . The titles of thele are enumerated 

 by Moreri and others, and a few of the principal may be 

 mentioned here : " Corpus Juris civllis cum notis ;" this 

 treatife has been freq ently reprinted : the beil edition is faid 

 to be that from ihe Elzevir prefs in two volumes folio. . 

 " Notx in IV. Libros Inilitutionam :" " Praxis Civllis es 

 antiquis et recentioribus c>cri--tonb;.s." 



GoDEFROi, TiiEODORF., the eldeil fon of the preceding, , 

 was born at Geneva in 1580. He purfued his ftudies .Hrit 



in 



