GOD 



GOD 



in that cily, then at Strafburg, and afterwards at Paris, 

 where he embraced the CathoUc religion. In 1643 he ob- 

 tained the ofRce of coiiiifellor of ftate, and afted during the 

 fix laft years of his hfe as counfellor and fccretary to the 

 French embafTv for the general peace at Miinfter. Here he 

 died in 1649. He was particularly vcrfed m the genealogical 

 and ceremonial hiftory of France, and publiflied feveral 

 learned works for its illuftration ; fuch are " Le Ceremonial 

 de France," 410. " Mem. concernant la PrefTeance des 

 Rois de France fur les Rois d'Efpagne :" " De la veritable 

 Origine de la Maifon d'Auftriche : ' " Trait e touchant les 

 Droits du Roi Tres-chretien fur philicurs Etats voilines," 

 &c. Moreri. 



GoDErROi, James, brother to Theodore, was born at 

 Geneva in 1587. He followed the fteps of his father by a 

 drift adherencr to the reformed rehgion, and by purfuing 

 the lludies of law, hiftory, and philofophv. In 1619 he was 

 created profefibr of the lav.- at Geneva, and was called to a 

 feat in the council in 1629. He filled with the greatvll zeal 

 and ability every public office with which he was entruiled. 

 He was five times elefted fyndic of the republic, and was 

 made fecretarv of ftate. He was chofen as a fit perfon 

 to conduft various negociations in France, Piedmont, Swit- 

 zerland, and Germany ; and, at the fame period, he devoted all 

 his leifure to public lectures in jurilprudence, and compofed a 

 variety of learned works. He maintained a correfpondence 

 with the moil learned men of the age, by whom he was 

 great! V refpeded. He died in 1652, and his works bear 

 teftimcny to his profound erudition, and to his great and un- 

 wearied induilry ; among them may be mentioned " Frag- 

 menta Ducdecini Tabularum ;" " Animadverfiones Juris 

 Civihs;" " De Jure Pr.-ecedentis ;" «^ Codex Theodo- 

 fianus," a pofthumous work, regarded as a moft valuable 

 monument of ancient jurifprudence. He edited the works 

 of Cicero, "cum notis Lambini et Gothofredi." He had 

 likewife made large collections for the hiftory of Geneva, 

 which were afterwards ufed by Spon. Moreri. 



GoDEFROi, Denys, fon of Theodorc, born at Paris in 

 1 61 5, was an able French hiftorian. He was author of 

 «' Memoires et Inftructionspour fervir dans les Negociations 

 et les Affaires concernant les Droits du Roi," a work, which 

 has fometimes been attributed to the chancellor Seguier, by 

 whofe order it was compiled. He re-edited many of his 

 father's works, adding to them new illullrations with learned 

 notes. He continued to his ovra time Feron's "Hift. des 

 Officiers de la Couronne." As a pubhc man he wa? ap- 

 pointed in 16^8 the dircftor and keeper of the chamber of 

 accounts at Lille in Flanders, where he died in 168 r. 

 Moreri. 



GoDEFROi, John-, fon of the preceding, fuccceded his 

 father in the direction of the chamber of accounts at Lille, 

 where he died, much advanced in years, in 1732. He pub- 

 lilhed an edition of the "Memoirs of Philip de Comincs," 

 in five volumes 8vo. " The Journal of Henry III." " The 

 Memoirs of Queen Margaret." He is faid to have con- 

 tributed more than any other writer to the elucidation of the 

 affairs of the League. Moreri. 



GODERVILLE, in Gvograpby, a town of France, in 

 the department of the Lower Seine, and chief place of a 

 canton, in the diftrift of La Havre ; 9 miles N. E. of Mont- 

 villiers. The place contains 650, and the canton 12,539 

 inhabitants, on a territory of 150 kiliomctres, in 31 com- 

 munes. 



GODESCHALC, in Biography, a Benedictine monk, 

 who fiourilhed in the ninth century, was born in Saxony, 

 and wiS brought -up, contraiy to l^s own i.iclination, to the 



profcflio'i, in the convent of Fulda. He was ordained 

 pried when he was about forty years of af e, and in 846 we 

 find him at Rome vifiiing the holy pbces there; thence he 

 proceeded to Pannonia and Dalmacia, where he commenced 

 preaching the dotlrine of predeftination with much fcrvoor, 

 which it 13 fuppofed he imbibed from the works of St.Au- 

 guiline. Upon his return to his own country he had a ccn- 

 fcrcnce with Nothingus, biftiop of Verona, before whom he 

 maintained that God, from all eternity, had pre-ordained 

 fomc to cvcrlafling lite, and others to everlafting punifament 

 and mifery. Nothingus, aftonifhed and terrified at fo daring, 

 and, as he thought, impious a pofition, complained of it to 

 Rabanus, archbifliop of Mentz, who undertook to confute 

 his error, in writing. DifTatisfied, perhaps, with his own 

 argument";, Rabanus fummoncd a council to meet at Menti, 

 in the year 848, to which, however, Godefchalc prefentcd a 

 juftification of his opinions, and refolutely perfiftcd in main- 

 taining them to be confiiient with the fcriptures and the 

 fenfe of the orthodox fathers. The council padcd fentenoc 

 of condeninati'jn upon him, and fent him priloiier to Hinc- 

 mar, archbiftiop of Rheims, within whofe jurifditlion he 

 had received the priefthood. Hincmar, who was devoted 

 to the intt-rcll of Rabanus, affembled a council in 849, in 

 which the monk was a ftccnd time condemned, and render- 

 ed liable to a punifliment repugnant to all the principles of 

 religion and humanitv. Godefchalc, however erroneous his 

 f.-ntiments inight be, was not to be intimidated ; he believed 

 what he afferted, and he firmly adhered to the doctrine in 

 fpite of the higher powers. Hincmar accordingly proceeded 

 to put the fentence into execution, degraded the monk from 

 the priefthood, and ordered him to be fcourgcd with the 

 utmoft fevcrity. It appears that he was not prepared for 

 fo grievous a trial of his fortitude; the force of the paim 

 inflifted on him obliged him, in compliance with the dic- 

 tates of his profecutors, to tlirow into the fire the juftifica- 

 tion of his opinions which he had delivered into the council. 

 The infamous perfecutors were not contented with this 

 triumph ; they committed him clofe prifoner to the monaf- 

 tery of Hautvilliers, in the diocefe of Rheims. In this, as 

 in every other cafe of a fimilar kind, the fufterings of Go- 

 defchalc gamed him followers and adlierents, and many be- 

 came advocates for his caufe. A confiderable fchifm was 

 produced in the Latin church. Some confined themfelves 

 to the defence of his perfon and conduft, while others en»- 

 ployed all their zeal and talents iu the vindication of his 

 doftrine. The fpirit of the controverfy ran fo high be- 

 tween the contending parties, that Charles the Bald, in Sp5_, 

 fummoned the council to meet at Quiercy. Here the fu|- 

 ferin-T monk w.\s again condemned, but the decrees of th:« 

 council were declared null and void, and Godefchalc and 

 his doftrine vindicated and defended, in a council at V«- 

 hncc, in Dauphiny, in S55. the decrees of whitli were con- 

 firmed in the council of Langres, and iu that of Toufi. 

 Such was the origin of the difputes concerning the dfldrines 

 of predeftination and grace, which, from time to time, haw 

 divided the Catholic world into two parties, and whicli have, 

 fubiiftcd in full force among the Proteftants. The iinfortu- 

 nate Godefchalc died in prifon about tlie year 869. mam- 

 taining witli liis laft breath the doctrine for which he had 

 fuff. 



inferted in archbifliop _ 



printed at Dublin in 1^41 ; an opiftle la Ratr^ufmus, piib- 

 IKhed in Cellot s " Hiftotia Godefcl..dci,»' ."it Paris iH .6|j, 

 and fome fragments of other piece.?, notiiied^y'Ckve. Go- 

 defchalc has immortalizwl his name by iv^ttmg on faot uie 



:aining witli liis laft breath the Uoctrme tor »m«.ii ne i.aa 

 fuffercd. Tlie only writintrs of this monk that Iwvejpomc 

 down to the prefent times alv, two " ConfejUons of 1-aitli,.' 

 nferted in archbifliop Uflier'<; " HiKoria C*odefchalci, 



controverfy 



