G O L 



along tlie northern boundary of Oudc, in Gooracporc, Bar- 

 raitgh, Pillibeat, and on the coniines of Roliilcund, to Hur- 

 dewar, fitnated in N. lat. 30'. E. long-. 78 25'. It has 

 tjic eflVfl, he adds, or rather is accompanied witli the effect, 

 arifui"' from the fame caufe, of debilitating both tlie bodies 

 and til'- minds of thofe who are alTec^ed with it. Marfden, in 

 liis " Hillory of Sumatra,'' obferves, tliat it has been ufiial to 

 attribute tliis affection to the badnefs, thawed Hate, mineral 

 qualitv, or other peculiarity of the waters: " My expe- 

 rience,'' he adds. " enables me to pronounce without hefi- 

 tation, that the diforder, for fuch it is, though it appears 

 liere to mark a dillincl race of people, ( orang goonnuj^, ) is 

 immediately connected with the hillinels of the country, 

 and, of courfe, if the circumilances of the water they ufe 

 contribute thereto, it mull be only fo far as the natiu-e of 

 the water is affected by the inequality or height of the land. 

 But in Sumatra neither fnow nor other congelation is ever 

 produced, which militates againil the moit plaufiblc conjec- 

 ture that has been adopted concerning the alpine goitres. 

 From every refearch that I have been enabled to make, I 

 think I have reafon to conclude, that the complaint is 

 owincr, among the Sumatrans, to the fogginefs of the air 

 in the vallies, between the high mountains, where, and not 

 on the fummits, the natives of thete parts reilde. 1 before 

 remarked, that between the ranges of the hills, the " ca- 

 boot," or denfe miit, was \ifible for feveral hours every 

 morning; rifing in a thick, opaque, and well-defined body, 

 with the fun, and feldoin quite difperfed till afternoon. 

 This phenomenon, as well as that of tlie wens, being pecu- 

 liar to the regions of the hills, affords a prefumption that 

 they may be connefted; exclufive of the natural probabi- 

 lity that a cold vapour, grofs to an uncommon degree, and 

 continuallv enveh)ping the habitations, ffio\ild attecf with 

 tumours the throats of the inhabitants. I cannot pretend to 

 fay how far this folution may apply to the cafe of the goi- 

 tres, but I recollect it to have been mentioned, that the 

 onlv method of curing thefe people is by removing them 

 from the vallies to the clear and pure air on the tops of the 

 hills; which fecms to indicate a fimilar fource of the dif- 

 temper with what I have pointed out. The Sumatrans do 

 not appear to attempt any remedy for it, the wens being 

 confillent with the Iiigheft health in other refpecls.'' 



GOKAUP, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 Vifiapour; 16 miles S.S.E. of Raiboug. 



GOKIA, a town of Turkilh Armenia; 30 miles E S.E. 

 of Akaizikc. 



GOLABAD, a town of Perfia, in the province of Irak; 

 i<.j miles E. of Ifpahan. 



GOLAH, a town of Hindooftan, in Bahar; 10 miles 

 E. of Ramgur. 



GOLAN, a town of the duchy of Warfaw; 10 miles 

 N.E- of Pofen. 



GOI^APILLY, a town of Hindooftan, in the clrcar of 

 Gi.iitoor; 10 miles W. of Innaconda. 



GOLAWARRY, a town of Bengal; 48 miles N.W. 

 of Midnapour. 



GOLCONDA, a province of Hindooftan, part of the 

 goffefiions of the Nizam, or Soubah of the Deccan, our 

 hrm ally, corrcfponds to the ancient province of Tellingana, 

 or Telling, fituated between the lower parts of the conrles 

 of tiie Kiitnah and Godavery rivers; and is bounded on the 

 N. by Berar, on the E. by the Circars, on the S. by the 

 Mvfore country and the Carnatic, and on the '\V. by Dow. 

 latabad and Viliapour. It takes its name from a famous 

 fortrei's. The kings of this country were, at a tormer time, 

 immenfely rich and powerful ; as they maintained in their 

 j).»y ^cOjQOO loldiers, and derived very large revenues irom 



G O L 



their lands, cuiloms of mcrcliandizes and provij'iont, hut 

 chiefly from the diamond mines, for which thi; country ha* 

 been fmgularly famous. The winter in Golconda begin* 

 in June with rain and thunder; the rain pouring down, 

 accompanied by violent ilorms of wind, till the middle of 

 .Tuly, with occalional intervals of line weather. In Augufl, 

 September, and October, the rains again fall, and very much 

 fwell the rivers. Thefe rains render the land exceedingly 

 fertile, particidarly in fruits. Vines are plentiful, and of 

 the grapes, which ripen m January, they make white wine. 

 I wo crops of rice are produced annually, and the country 

 affords other kinds of grain. The capital of Golconda i'» 

 Hydrabad. 



GoLco.ND.v is alfo the name of a fortrefs, furroundcd by 

 ftone walls and deep ditches, which was formerly the refi- 

 dence of the kings of the country. This fortrefs, on ac- 

 count of its extent, might be denominated a city; a hill 

 rofe in the middle of it like a fugar-loaf, and the fide* 

 of it were encompaffed by the king's palace, which was 

 very large and well lltuated for air, and which had a good 

 view of Hydiabad. When Aurungzebe conquered llie 

 kingdom of Golconda in 1687, ''"» fortrefs was taken by 

 treachery; the king offered to pay a tribute of 3,700,000 

 rupees, and become the vaffal of the conqueror; but he re- 

 fufed, and entered the palace in triumph. 



GOLD. Cuhl, Germ. ; Guld, Swcd. Dan. ; Or, Fr. ; 

 Armiy, Hung. ; Soloto, Ruff. 



Mineralogiiiil Defcription. — This metal never ha\ing been 

 found in a mineralized Hate, we are acquainted with one fpe- 

 cies only, namely. 



Native gold, which is fubdivided by Werner into three fub- 

 fpecies, I'/'z. gold-ytllozu, brnfs-yellov.; and greyjjb-yello'ji gold. 

 Though this lubdivilion may appear arbitrary, and not found- 

 ed on conftant charaders cxclulivcly belonging to each of 

 the above varieties or fub-fpecies, it is nevertliclefs entitled 

 to attention, fince colour, however unimportant it may be in 

 the claffitication of earthy foffds, conftitutes a character of 

 conliderable value in native metallic fubftances, the range of 

 whofe colours is confined to a narrow compafs. But 

 alio their geognollic relation appears to conllitute a dif. 

 tinftion, at leaft between the two firft of the Wemerian 

 lub-fjKcies ; for as to the third, or \.\\e griyyi-yeUotv gold, ill 

 claims to be kept feparate from the two others appear doubt- 

 ful : all we know of it is its being found in fmall flat parti- 

 cles, along with that mi.\turc of different metals called pla- 

 tina in grains, of whofe colour it partakes in general, and 

 with which it is fuppoled to Iwve occurred alio orignially 

 under the lame geognoftic relations. 



1. I .ight or Briifs-coloured nalh'tOold. MeflTing-gelbcsg^Hlie- 

 gen gold of Werner. Its colour is pretty well mdicated by 

 its name ; but it varies in intenfitv from what may be called 

 pale-gold yellow to yellowilh-filver white. It is alfo fome- 

 limes found with deep-yellow, and with pavonine taniilh. 



It occurs malTive, diffcminated in angular and amorphoui 

 particles, but more frequently in films, membranes, and plates 

 even and curled or twilled, and with Imooth or drufed fur- 

 face ; alfo capillary, tooth and wire-fhaped, (hrub and fern- 

 like, and as moniliform llrings ; often imitating retisulated 

 and filigree work ; all which forms are generally produo-d 

 bv the aggregation of minute imperfeA cryftals. Among 

 thefe, perfect cryftals are not imfrequently feen, fomclimrs 

 lin^le, oftener in groups, on the margin of the plates, S;c. 

 The following fecondary forms have been obtervcd : tiie 

 cube ; the oelahedron ; the garnet-dodecahedron ; the leucite- 

 dodecahtdronwith trapezoidal planes. Alfo mcditicatioas inter- 

 mediate between the cube and the octahedron occur, but they 

 3 G 2 * aic 



