GOLD. 



of tlr.it of die filvcr, cxtcii;!s over it and cvc-ry xviiere 

 covers it. 



Goi.n, MiHioii of, a phrafe often ufed to fignify a million 

 of crowns, 



Cdi.i) Money.. See Money and Coiv. 



GcLD, Mofdic, is gold applied in pannels on proper 

 ground, diftributcd into iqiuu-es, lozenges, and other com- 

 partments ; part of wliicli is (liadowed to railc cr heigliten 

 the reft. See Mosvir. 



Gold Plates for 7^'VrtW(7/;n^ arc generally made of ducat 

 gold, vvhofe finenefs is from 23^ to 23^ carats: and the 

 finelt gold is the bell for this purpofe, unlefs where fome 

 parts of the gold are left hiire and unpotiihed, as in watch- 

 cafes, fnufT-boxes, &c. for which purpofe a mixture ofa'- 

 loy is neceffary, and filver is pn-ferred to copper, becaufe 

 the latter difpofes the plates to taniilh, and turn green. 



See F.N-AMF.LMXG. 



Gold, Potable, aurum patab'ile. Sec Auiiu.M Potalih; and 

 Goi.n. 



Gntn Powder, for the pnrpofes of gilding, may be made 

 by grinding gold leaf with hor.ey, or thick gum-water, 

 (fee Shell-GOLv) : by diililling to drynefs a folulion of 

 gold in aqua refijia : by evaporating the mercury from an 

 amalgam of gold, taking care well to ftir the mate near the 

 end of the proccfs with a glafs rod or tobacco pipe ; or 

 bv precipitating gold from its folution in aoua regia by ap- 

 plying to it a foli.t'ou of common green vitriol in water, 

 or fome copper. Sic. 



Gold Pree'ipilate lu'ith Tin, called alfo, from its fnppofed 

 difcovercr, calx Cajfi, is prepared with great care both in 

 diflolving the tin, and diluting the folution. For this 

 jiurpofe, a mixture of two parts of aquafortis, and one 

 cf fpirit of fait, is fuppofed to be the beft menftruum for 

 the tin. Into this mixture fome fine block tin, granulated, 

 is to be let fall, grain by grain, waiting till one grain is 

 diffolved before another is dropped in, that the diftolution 

 may go on flowly, without any heat or difcharge of fumes. 

 The jjold is diffolved in common aqua regia ; and a few drops 

 of this folution being mixed with fome ounces of pure 

 water, as many drops of the folution of tin are added. If 

 the mixture changes inmiediately to a clear bright purplifii 

 red colour, the due degree of dilution has been determined ; 

 if the colour appear;? dull, a greater quantity of water mud 

 be added for the reft of the folutions. Afttr the n-.ixture 

 has depofited its I'ed matter, and become clear, a little 

 more of the tin folution is to be dropped in, for difcovering 

 and precipitating anv gold that may ftill remain in it ; the 

 liquor being then poured off, the precipitate is waflied and 

 dried. Lewis's Com. Pliil. Tcchn. p. 176. See Ruby 

 Gl \.ss. 



Gold, Queen. See OuEEX gnlil. 



Gold, Sijell, is that uied by the gilders and illuminers, and 

 with which gold letters are written. It is made by grinding 

 gold kaves, or goldbeater's fragments, with a little honey, 

 and afterwards ieparating the honey from the powdered gold 

 by means of water. When the honey is waflied away, the 

 gold may be put on paper, or kept in fliells ; whence its 

 name. Wlicn it is ufed, it is diluted with gvim-w?.tcr, or 

 foap-fuds. The German gold-powder, prepared from the 

 Dutch gold leaf in t lie fame manner, is generally ufed, and 

 when it is well feoured with varnidi, anlwers the end 

 in iapanner's gilding, as well as the genuine. Sec Gilding. 



GoLvfize for barnlilied gilding, is prepared of one pound 

 and a half of tobacco-pipe clav, half an omice of red 

 chalk, a quarter of an ounce of black lead, forty drops 

 cf fwcet oil, Kii three Jrams of pare tallow ; grind the 



clay, cliulk, and black-Icad feparately, very fine in water; 

 then mix them together ; add the oil and tallow, and griiifl 

 the mixture to a due conliftence ; or it may be more fimplv 

 prepared by grinding together fome ilmngly calcined red 

 ochre with the thickeli and oldeft drying oil that can t»t- pro. 

 cured ; and, previoufly to ufe, mixing it with a little oil of 

 turpentine for giving it a proper confillencc. St-e Oil 

 Gilding. 



Goi.D;//-/' of .h:pi!nners may be made hv piilveri/ing giiiii 

 animi and arplialt\mi, of each one ounce ; red-Kad, litliar-'c 

 of gold, and umbre, of eacli one ounce and a half, mixing 

 them with a pound of linfced oil, and boiling them, ob- 

 ferving to ftir them till the whole be incorporated, and ap- 

 pears, on growing cold, of the confillencc of tar; ftrain 

 the mixture through a flannel, and keep it ftoppcd up in a 

 bottle, fiir ufe. When it is ufed, it muft be ground with 

 as much vermilion as will give it an opaque body, and di- 

 luted with oil of turpentine, fo that it may be worked 

 freely with the pencil. A fimple preparation confifta of 

 one pomul of linfeed oil, and four ounces of gum animi ; 

 powder the gum, and mix it gradually with the boilipg oil : 

 let it continue to boil, till it becomes of the confiftcnce of 

 tar ; ilrain it througii a coiirfe cloth, keep and ufe* it as the 

 oth.er. 



Gni.Tifmith, or as fome choofe to exjjrcfs it, fherfmith, 

 the artid who makes vedcls, utenfils, and ornaments in gc!d 

 o" filver. The goldfmiths work is cither performed in (lie 

 mould, or beat out witli the hamm.cr or other cngiti.-. All 

 works that have r.iifed figures are call in mould-., aiid 

 afterwards polllhed and finiihed ; plates or difhe? of fiker 

 or gold are beat out from thin Rn plates, and tankard? and 

 other veflels of that kind are formed of plates foldered 

 together, and their mouldings are beat, not caft. Tl'.s 

 bufinels of the goldfmith formerly required much more 

 labour than it docs at prefent, for they wore obliged 

 to hammer the metal from the ingot to t!ie thirrefs they 

 wanted : but there are now invented flatting-mill.<, which 

 reduce metal to the thinnefs that is required, at a Trry 

 fmall expence. The goldfmith is to make his own mould?, 

 and for that rcafon ought to be a good defigner, and have 

 a talle in fculpture : he alfo ought to know enough of 

 metallurgy to be able to alfay mixed metals, and to mij£ 

 the alloy. 



The goldfmith in London employs feveral hnndj under 

 him for the various articles of his trade. In thi.* great 

 city there are always hands that excel in every particular 

 branch of the trade, and there is commonly enq.Ioynrnl 

 enough for cvcrv one in his particular brant!:. Thf 

 jeweller, the fiiulT-box and toy-maker, the filver tumrr, 

 the glider, the buniifncr, the chafir, the refiner, .-.nd 

 the gold-beater, arc all employed by and under the gold- 

 fmith, 



GoLB-fmi:i.>, Company of, !n LcnJcn. See Comp.\xy. 



G01.X) Thread, or fpiin gold, is a fiuttcd gilt wire, whip- 

 ped or laid over a thread of veDow lilk. by twilling it 

 with a wheel and iron bobbins. Ry means of a curious 

 but complex machinerv, a number of thrravls- is thus 

 tv.'illed at once bv the turning of one wheel.. The principal 

 art confifts in fo rognlaling the motion, tl.at the fe- 

 ver.il circmnvolutions of the llatted wire, on each thread, 

 may iuft touch one ar^other, and form, as it wcrv, one 

 continued covering. At Milan, it is laid, they make a 

 fort of flatted wire, gilt only on one fide, which is wound 

 upon tl.e thread, fo tliat only the gilt fide appears. There 

 is alfo a gilt copper wire, made in the f.uv.c maniKT as 

 the gilt filver, cliicrty at Nuremberg : and- the- ordinances of 



France 



