GOLD. 



IS iiifeitird the end of an upright handle, whofe upper Gold of Pleafurt, in Botany. See MvAGRUM. 



fnd is received in a ho'e mad'- in a crofs bar above. From Gold CoaJI, or, as it is fomcti'i-.es called, Gutrua prober, z 



this the wire is wound off upon a fmaller cylinder, country of Guinea, on the S. W, coaft of Africa, bordering 



Called a rochett, placed on the fpindle of a fpinning- "n tliat part of the Atlantic wliich is called the guJf of 



wheel ; and this cylinder being placed behind the plate, Guinea, and extending between three and four degrees from 



the wire is again drawn through upon the firft, and 

 being brought to the proper fincnefs, it is annealed for the 

 fiat:ing-niill. In this annealing, tlie wire is tvound on a large 

 hollow copper bobbin, fet upright, including fmall-coal, and 

 encompafled with lighted charcoal or fmall-coal, commmii- 

 cating a gradual heat. The wire, in this ftate, mull be 



the river Ankobar, or, as others fay, from the Colta, or the 

 Allinoe, to the Volta, and deriving its name from the 

 quantity of gold which it produces. It is bounded on the 

 north by Kongo or Congo, on the eafl by the Slave coafl, 

 en the well by the Ivory coall, and on the fouth by the 

 gulf of Guinea. It comprehends a number of petty ilates 



watched and removed from the heat, when it appears of the or kingdoms, wz. Adomir, called likewife Saku and Avena, 

 proper Colour. The next operation is that of the flatting- Axim, Ankobar, Adom, iikewife called Little InkaiTan, 

 mill, which confiits of two pertettly round and exquifitely or Warflier, Jabi or Jabo, Commendo or GualTo, Fetu, 



polilhed rvillers, formed internally of iron, and welted over 

 Mth a plate of refined fteel : thefe rollers are placed with 

 their a.Kes parallel, and their circumferences nearly in con- 

 taft ; they are both turned with one handle ; the lowermoft. 

 is about ten inches in diameter, the upper little more than 

 two, and their width or thicknefs is about an inch and a 

 quarter. Thefe rolls are fometimes repolillied with putty, 

 prepared by calcining a mixture of lead and tin. The wire, 

 unwinding from a bobbin, and puffing between the leaves of 

 a book gently preffed, and through a narrow flit in an up- 

 nght piece of wood, called a ketch, is directed by a fmall 

 conical hole in a piece of iron, called a guide, to any parti 



Sabo, Fantin, Acron, A gonna or Anguirra, Amra or 

 Aquamboe, Lableade, and Ningo or Lambi. Each of thefe 

 provinces or kingdoms contains one, two, or more towns or 

 villages on the fea-coaft, between, or under tlic European 

 forts and fettlements- Eight of thefe are real monarchies, 

 having their own proper kings ; the rell are repubhcs, 

 governed by magillrates, who are fubjeA to th?- laws and> 

 periodical changes. Upon the river Ankobar, or Cobre, 

 which fome reckon the firll proper county of the Gold 

 Coall, there is a number of towns, which compofe three 

 different provinces of Ankobar or Ajicober, Aborrcl or 

 Abocro, and Eguira, at which latter place the Dutch bad 



cular part of the width of the rollers, fome of the bed of formerly a fort, and carried on a confiderable trade in gold. 



which are capable of receiving, by this contrivance, forty 

 threads. When the wire is 'iatted between the rollers, it is 

 wound again on a bobbin, which is turned by a wheel, fixed 

 on the axis of one of the rolls, and fo proportioned, that 

 the motion of the bobbin juft keeps pace with that of the 

 rolls. Dr. Halley Ilates tliat fix feet in length of the finell 

 gilt wire before flatting will countcrpoife no more than a 

 grain ; and as the gold is not quite l-57th of the v.hole, 

 a fingle grain of gold thtis extended v,:ll be 345-6 feet long. 

 By flatting, the length of the wire is increaled about one- 

 feventh, and its weight is equal to i-96th of an inch; 

 hence the furface occupied by one grain is equal to 98.7 

 fquare inches, with a thicknefs of i -490444th of an inch. 

 (See Ductility.) See on the fiibject of the preceding 

 articles, Macquer's Dicl. of Chemillry, Eng. edit 1777. 

 and particularly Dr. Lewis's Philofophical Commerce of 

 Arts, paffim. See alio Aikin's Didtionary. 



Gold, in Medicine and Chimijlry. The chemifls make 

 feveral preparations of gold for medicinal ufes ; as falts, 

 mercuries, and tinClures of goid ; but it is a point not yet 

 well agreed on, whether gold has any real property whereby 

 It may be of ule in medicine. 



SoiTie mechanical phy fi ians have had a notion, that if the 

 particles of gokl could b? rendered line enough, fo as to cir- 

 culate with the blood, that it would prove more effeilual in 

 the cure of difeafes than mercury. But this is a mere hypo- 

 thefis. The aurum Julmhtans has been ufed, and other pre- 

 parations of gold are to be met with in authors; but they 

 feem to nee: with little credit among modern practitioners. 

 Gold, in Heraldry, is one of the metals, more ufually 

 called by the Fi .-nch name, Or. 



GoL-a-finch, in Ornithology, is the Frikgilla carduelL of 

 Linnaeus ; which fee. 



GohD-fJh, in Ichthyology, is the CypRINUS auratus of Lin- 

 naeus ; which fee 



alio 



Eight leagues E. of cape Apolionia (lands the town of 

 Axim, called by fome Achembonc. (See Achembose and 

 Axim.) • See Acron, Adom, Adomir, A.sta, Com- 

 MENDO, &c. &c. The country throughout the Gold Coalt 

 abounds in hills, adorned with high and beautiful trees, 

 among which are the palm, the cocoa-nut, the papay, and 

 the banana. The vallies between the hills are wide and ex- 

 tenfive, and fit for the plantation of all forts of fruit ; and 

 if they were as well ci:ltivated as watered, they v.ould 

 fupply halt the coail with provifions. The foil produces 

 in great abundance very good rice, the richell fort of millet 

 with red grain, yams, potatoes, and other roots, all good 

 in their kind. The fugar-cane grows here plentifully, and 

 larger than any v.here elfe on the Coaft of Guinea. Palm- 

 wine and oil are very good, and very abundant ; the country 

 alfo has plenty of tame cattle and wild bcalls. The domeftic 

 animals are bulls, cows, (heep, and goats, the laft of which 

 are numerous and their flefh is excellent ; neither the mutton 

 nor beef is good ; but of all animal food dog's flefli is moll 

 preferred by the negroes. The wild anin.als are elephants, 

 tygers, jackalls, boars, deer of various fizes, cats, porcO- 

 piiies, moukies, rats, mice, &c. &c. Among the birds are 

 pheafants, parrots, maccaws, turtle-tiovcs, and feveral 

 others. The reptiles are numerous ; fuch as fnakes, fer- 

 pents, vipers, lizards, fcorpions, fpiders, &c The coails, 

 lakes, and rivers abound with fifh, and Ukewile with alli- 

 gators and gunas, an amphibious animal, refembling the cro- 

 codile, and four feet in length. The chmate is very liot from 

 Odlober to March, but during the other months tolerable. 

 The natives are generally healthy ; but to Europe.ins the 

 climate is infalubrious, and often fatal, cfpciially in the 

 months of Julv and Augull. 



It is obferved that ot all the countries oa the coafl of 

 Weilern Africa, the Gold Coall tx.pcriences »ho ir.oll in- 

 tenfc heat. Ifert, a modern traveller, near Rio Volta, has 

 feen Fahrenheit's thermometer as high as 95^ in his 



GoLD-fJh is alio a name by which fome authors have chamber, and 134° in the open air ; . furpafruig by 26 the 

 called the alaufa, alofa, or Jhacl, 'from the yellow colouring greatell heat obferved by Adanfon on ,-.11 t.le^anks of the 

 k frequently has on the covering of the gills. See Clutea Senegal. AUhough this traveller advanced only 10 miles 

 ^lofa, from ChriiUanburg on this coall, his joaniey is curious. 



TliC 



