G O N 



fyrical, in which ftyle he fo much excelled, as to be termed 

 ty liis countrymen " the prince of lyric poets." Gon- 

 gora pofTencs, in the eftimation of his countrymen, a very 

 high rank amonjr the Spanilli poets for an artillcial elevation 

 of languatre, and uncommon turn of thouglit, which were 

 formerly tiic characlerlllics of the poetry of that nation. 

 So much, indeed, did he furpafs in theft- quahties, that he 

 had many ccnfurcrs in his own country, though he alfo met 

 with as many warm defenders. He is faid to Tiave enriched 

 his native language by the introduclion of many Latin words 

 happily emplovcd. Moreri. 



GOMGRONA, in Sur^i-ry, a hard tumour ; but efpe- 

 eially a bronehocele, or fwclling of the thyroid gland. The 

 word is faid to be; derived from yo-^'^o;, a round tubercle on 

 the trunk of a tree. 



GONHARY, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 Oude ; 40 miles W. of Lucknow. 



GONIA, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia ; 16 

 miles W. of Aphiom-Karahifar. 



GON.TAH, or Kong, fuppofed to be the Concbe of 

 D'AnvlIle, and the Gouge oi Delifle, a kingdom of Africa, 

 fitliated to the N. of Guinea, between the meridian of 

 Greenwich, and 5^ W. long, and between the loth and 12th 

 degrees of N. hit. It is about 870 miles weftward from 

 Cafhna or Kafliua, and between 530 and Geo miles from 

 the Gold Coall. Some fay, there is no communication be- 

 tween this coafl and the country of Gonjah ; the king of Af- 

 fentoi, who pofTcifes the intervening fpace, prohibiting his 

 inland neighbours from paffmg through his country. Olhera 

 report, that other ftatcs (c. g. the Fantees, and their confede- 

 rates) lie between Adcntoi and the fea ; and that the Affen- 

 tois liave often unfuccefsfiilly attempted to open a communi- 

 cation with the coaft. — Alfo, the name of n town, which is 

 the capital of the kingdom of Gonjah or Kong. N. lat. 

 1 1° 30'. W. long. 3 30'. — Alfo, the name of part of a 

 chain of mountains, extending from almofl the mouth of the 

 river Gambia, in the Atlantic, to Nigritia, towards Abyf- 

 finia.' 



GONIAH, a decayed town and large caftle of Afiatic 

 Turkey, belonging to the province of Guriel, at the mouth 

 of a river which runs into the Black fea. It is garrifon- 

 ed by a few .Taniffaries, and inhabited chiefly by feamen ; 

 $0 miles E.N.E. of Trebifond. N. lat. 41° 25'. E. long. 

 41'" 10'. 



GONJENPILLY, a townof Hindooftan, in the Car- 

 natic ; 1 8 miles N.E. of Nellore. 



GONIGCARPirS, in Bokwy, fo caHed from yui-nx, an 

 engle, and xc.frTo:,fru'tt, expreflive of one of its (.flcntial cha- 

 rafters. The name, originally contrived by I'lumberg, was 

 Conocarpus, v.'hich being incorreftly conftrutled, and too 

 near Conocarpiis-, was judicioufly changed by Mr. Konig. 

 Schreber, Willdenow, and otl\crs, have made it Goncitocarpus, 

 for want of attending to its meaning and appHcation, which 

 has no reference." to ycvi.', yK-A'^:,. a hnee,_ bvit to the very pe- 

 cidiar angles of the fruit. — Konig in Ann. of Bot. v, i. 546. 

 t. 12. f. 5. 6. (Gonocarpus; Thftnb. Nov. Gen. 55. FI. 

 Jap. 5. Murr. in Linn. Sylt. Veg. ed. 14. 1.64. Jufl". 442. 

 Lamarck. Illullr. t. 73. Gonatocarpus ; Sclireb. 86. 

 WiUd. Sp. PI. V. I. 690. Mart. MiU. Diet. v. 2.)— Clafs 

 and order, 'I'etrav.dr'w. Monogyma. Nat. Ord. Oiiagris, or 

 Qnagrar'i<z, Juff. Konig-. 



Gen. Ch. Cat. Perianth fuperior, in four deep,, acute, 

 equal, upright I'egments. Cok. Petals four, equal, oblong, 

 concave, inferted' into the rim- of the calyx, and twice as 

 long as its teetli. Slam. Filaments four or eight, very (iiort, 

 inferted into the calyx, oppofite to the petals if four, to 

 ihe petals and calyx-teetKif eight ;, anthers oblong, large, 



6. 



G O N 



Hiorter than the corolla. P'ljl. Girmen inferior, Itirbi.iatr- 

 with eight furrows and as many angles, crowned with th; 

 permanent calyx; ftyle extremely fliort ; ftigmas four, ob- 

 tufe, downy. 



Eft". Ch. Calyx fuperior, in four deep equal ferments- 

 Petals four. Drupa dry, with eight angles. Nut (olita/'. ■ 

 of one cell. 



Three fpecies of this inconfpicuous though ciuious gcnii.^ 

 are at preient known. 



1. G. mkranthtis. Thunb. Jap. 69.1. 15. — Leaves ovate, 

 obtufely crenate, fmooth, as v.ell as the ftem. — Galliereillv 

 Thunberg in Japan. Root fibrous, annual. Stems three o-- 

 four inches high, afcending, quadrangular, fmooth, leatv. 

 fimple below, panicled above. Leaves oppofite, on Ibov; 

 ftalks, ovate, rather acute, half an inch long, bluntly crena:- 

 and cartilaginous in the margin, fmooth on both fides/minute 

 1) dotted, furnilhcd with a rib, but no veins ; the upper one ■ 

 gradually fmaller and more entire. Stipulas none. Flo-wei- 

 very i'mall, purplilh, drooping, in fcveralflender, lax, upright 

 fpikes, forming a fort of panicle. The pe!a/s as well as ca/y 

 are fufficiently evident in ITiunberg's own fpecimens beft)n- 

 us. Thefruti is no bigger than the fmalleft pin's head,' and 

 the petals fcarcely longer. 



2. G. rotiinjifoihis. — Leaves rounded, fcMTiewhat heart- 

 fliaped, obtufely crenate, fmooth. Angles -of' the item 

 rough. Spikes in a compound panicle. — Gathered near Port 

 Jackfon, New South Wales, by John Wiiite, M. D.— We 

 are by no means certain that this is more tiifen a variety of 

 the former, but its different eouHtry, much more rounded 

 leaves, heart-ihaped at the bafe, and the briftly angles of the 



Jlem, induce us to propofe it as a fpecies. Poffibly the pani- 

 c\cA fpikes may be owing to the greater luxuriance of the fpe- 

 cimens. T\iQ fnitiyication appears preclfely like that of th'j 

 firft fpecies. 



3. G.fcaber. Konig Ann. of Bot. v. 1. 547. t. I 2. f 6.— 

 Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, fliarply ferrated, briftly as well as 

 the ftem. — Gathered by Mr. David Nelfon, in cuitivated 

 ground In the idand of China, near Macao. This appear- 

 to diiler from the two former very materially, being .all over 

 rough, with depreffed brlftles, and having longer and nar- 

 rower ftiarplv ferrated leavet. Tlie Jloiuers, moreover, have 

 eight ftamens,, and the angles of the//'«;V are wavy or c-jifp- 

 cd, not fmooth and even. 



We have a plant gatiieredby Dr. White, near Port Jack- 

 fon, which feems to anfwer in every point to Mr. Konig's 

 defcrlption and figure of the laft, except that its petals have 

 a briftly keel, ana the ftigmas are fingularly branched and 

 pllimofe, making a large tuft in the centre of each flower 

 after the petals are fallen. Perhaps Mr. Konig's fpecimens 

 had loft all their ftigmas. Yv''e remark, hov.ever, a further 

 difference in the fruit, whofe alternate angles areiefs diftinct, 

 or rather more crifped and interrupted than the reft. No'i 

 having examined authentic fpecimens of G. fcabtr, v.e'muft 

 leave this matter in doubt. — Poftibly this may be G. l:ti\igy~ 

 mis. Billard. Nov. Holl. t. ^^. 



GONIOMETER, an inHr>:r.ient uft-d fsr ll-.e purpofe of 

 meafurmg folid angles (partieularly of cryitals), or the in- 

 clination which one plane furfaee makes with anotljcr. Tlie 

 fmall goniometers, as ufually fold at tlie ffiop?, arc of a coi:- 

 ftrudion fo fiinple,.as to require but little defcription. They 

 generally confift of a fmall pair of compafTes or nippers, del- 

 tincd to receive the angle of the cryftal ; and the legs of tl'.ele 

 being continued :n the oppofite direction, beyond the angulas 

 point or joint, the angle is meafured by applying tliem to 

 a pritractor or femicircuUir fcale of degrees. 



But notwitlillanding much ingenuity has been beftowed 

 en iiiftrutr.ents conftruiled on this principle^ none of them 



have 



