G O N 



GOO 



rfie v1rLuc3 of the root and fruit arc diapliorctic, alexitcric, 

 aiitifebrilf, and anthelmintic. He adds, that " it fecnis to 

 be the- fame drug which the Portugucfe call radix dc Solor, 

 becaufe it grows in the idand of Solora, as well as in Timor, 

 and which is in great ufe in India." Is the Bntcea, after all, 

 an Indian plant ? 



GONWA, in Gco^mphy, a town of Hindooftan, in Gu- 

 zcrat ; 20 miles N.W. of Amood. 



GONYALGIA, of ^mv, knee, txXo:, pain, a term ufed 

 by fome authors to exprefs a violent pain in the knee. 



GONZAGA, LuCKETiA, in Biography, daughter of 

 Pirro Goiizaga, lord of Gazzuolo, was diftinguiflied as a 

 literary lady in the fixteenth century. The celebrated Ban- 

 dello was one of her matters ; by him (he was introduced to 

 the knowledge of the Greek tragedians. She married, at 

 the age of fourteen, Gianpaola Manfroni of Ferrara, which 

 proved an unfortunate union, fince her hufband, on account 

 of a plot againft the life of duke Hercules II. was capitally 

 condemned in 1546. The duke did not caufe the fentence 

 to be executed, but was contented with keeping him in per- 

 petual imprifonment, under which he died in 1552. His 

 faithful fpoufe, Lucretia, employed all her powers to obtain 

 his liberation : fhe is faid to iiave addreffed letters to almoft 

 all the powers in Europe, imploring their intcrceffion, and 

 one to the grand feignior, inftigating him to make an at- 

 tack upon the fortrefs where her hufband was confined. It 

 muft be obferved, that thefe letters have been imputed to 

 Ortenfia Landi ; it cannot, however, be doubted, that this 

 lady had acquired a confiderable literary reputation by being 

 fuppofed capable of fuch produftions. She was, indeed, 

 panegyrifed by moft of the learned in Italy in her time, 

 among the reft by Julius Gsefar Scaliger, and a volume of 

 poems in her praife was publifhed in Bologna in 1565. Se- 

 veral of her works were printed, one of %vhich was a fmall 

 volume of poems. She remained fingle after the death of 

 her hufband, and placed her two daughters in a convent. 

 She died at Mantua in 1576. Moreri. 



GoNZAGA, SciPio, born in 1542, was fon of Charles, 

 count of St. Martino, of the branch of the Gonzagas, 

 dukes of Sabbionetta. He was carefully inftruftcd in let- 

 ters, and fent to Padua to complete his itudies, where he 

 greatly diftinguifhed himfelf in clafTical hterature. He af- 

 terwards acquired confiderable repirtation for his knowledge 

 in theology and philofophy. MuretuG, in 1 571, dedicated to 

 him the firft volume of his Orations, with a high panegyric : 

 and Guarini fubmitted to his criticifm his " Pattor Fido.'' 

 He was created cardinal in 1587, and died at Samartino in 

 the year 1593, leaving behind him commentaries of his own 

 life, written in elegant Latin. Moreri. 



GoxzAGA, Ve.spasian, duke of Sabbionetta, born in 

 I 53 1, is celebrated as a commander in the fervice of Charles 

 V. and PhiHp II., butheisi^ill morediftinguiflied asa Iplen- 

 did promoter of the arts and fciences. He built from the 

 ground the city of Sabbionetta, which, for the neatncfe 

 and regularity of the ftreets, the architcfture of the pri- 

 vate houfes, the beauty of the churches, and the elegance of 

 the public buildings, has excited univerfal admiration. He 

 alfo founded in it a public fchool for the learned languages, 

 to which he invited as a profeflbr Mario Nizzoli, one of the 

 moft learned men of the age. His palace was always full of 

 men of knowledge and fcience, of whom he was the liberal 

 patron. Gonzaga employed Scammozi in the ereftion ot a 

 very fine theatre, for the performance of dramatic pieces, 

 and he is himfelf recorded as an elegant Italian poet. He 

 is mentioned with high refpeCl and applaufe by Taffo, and 

 other literary characters, and he is noticed as a collvftor of 

 books. 



Gos7.:\r..\, in Orography, a town of Italy, in the depart- 

 ment of the Mincio ; 16 miles S. of Mantua. 



GONZAGO, St., a town of Peru, in the audience of 

 Quito; 60 miks N.W. of St. Jofcf de Hualci. 



GONZALES, B\RTOLOMK, in Biography, a painter, 

 born at Valladolid in the year 1 564. He frtquented the 

 fchool of Patricio Caxcs at Madrid ; in the fequci painted 

 much i"«r Philip III. at Burgos, Valladolid, Lcrma, in tli" 

 Pardo and Efcurial, till 1617, when he was made painter to 

 the court, in the place of rabricio Caftello. His portraits 

 are admirable, efpecially the fix whole lengths with the date 

 162 1, pofleffed by the baron of Cafa Davalillo. In hif- 

 ftory, his ftylc was ornamental ; iiis draper)', a varied imi- 

 tation of ftufls, by its illufion captivated the vulgar, whilft 

 it deilroyed the dignity, fimplicity, and generally the cof- 

 tume of the fubjett. He died in 1627, not, as Palomino 

 ftates, in 161 1. Fufeli's Pilkington. 



GOOBER, iR Geography, a country of Africa, S. of 

 Wangara, between 10 and 12' N. lat. and 15 and 20'' E. 

 long. The mountains of Komri, fo called by Abulfeda, 

 commence in this territory. 



GOOCHLAND, a county of Virginia, in America, 

 furrounded by Louifa, Flavanna, Henrico, Hanover, and 

 Powhatan counties ; about 40 miles long and 14 broad, and 

 containing 4893 free inhabitants, and 4803 flaves. 



GOOD, or G00DNE.SS, denotes whatever tends or con- 

 duces to preferve or improve human nature or fociety ; in 

 oppofition to evil, which tends to dcftroy, injure, or impair 

 the fame. 



Hence good is divided by the philofophers into 1. Bonum 

 Jui, private good ; which is that whereby a thing tcndb to 

 preferve, &c. itfelf, under which comes that popuwr divilioa 

 of goods of body, mind, and fortune. 



2. Bonum crjmmunionis, whatever promotes the intereft and 

 welfare of fociety ; as all the civil offices, &c. 



Good, in Metaphyfus, or Metaphyfcal Good, called alfo 

 ahfohile or real good, and good per fe, is the efTential per- 

 fettion or integrity of a thing whereby it has every thing 

 that belongs to its nature. 



In this lenfe, aU things are good, inafmuch as they have 

 the perfections naturally belonging to things of their kind. 

 Thus, a thinking fubftance is good, or perfeft, as it has 

 all the efTential attribute? of thought ; fo an extended fub- 

 (lance is good, as it poffefTes all the parts ncceffary to confti- 

 tute it inch. 



In effeft, as it is abfurd to imagine a being without it* 

 cfTencc, fo is it to imagine a being witliout the rcquifitcs of 

 it.s effence ; fo that it appears an error in fome philofophers, 

 who divided beings into good or perfect, and evil or impcrfett. 

 See Essence. ■ 



Others define metaphyfical, or tranfcendental goodncfs, by 

 congrucncy with the divine wilt, which, they fay, conftitutci 

 the meafure of all real goodnefs. 



Good, Phyjiea/ or Kalural, is that whereby a thing pofTcircS 

 all things neceflary to its bene eJTe, i. e. its well being, or fe. 

 cond perfedion, and to the performance of its fundions and 

 ufes. 



lu this fcnfe, phyfical goodnefs coincides with phyfical 

 pcrfeftion. 



To this are required the feveral powers and faculties, in , 

 their proper degree ; a due fituatiun, figure, and proportion . 

 of parts, &c. 



Note, befide abfolute phyfical goodnefs, there may be 3 

 relative one ; as in foods, which to one, are falutarj-, to an- 

 other poifon, &c. To this head alfo belong the things good 

 pro tempore, or according to circumllances ; as the amputa- 

 tion of a mortified limbj, &c. 



3 M 3 Natural 



