G O U 



GOV 



and the ftrong fortifications on the banks of the Iflel, that 

 it cannot ealily be befieged. Its chief trade confiUs in 

 cordage, chcefe, and tobacco-pipes ; and it has a regular com- 

 munication by boats with Amilerdam, the Hague, Rotter- 

 dam, Utreclit, &c ; 22 miles S. of Amllcrdaai. N. lat. 

 52^1'. E. long. 436. 



GOUDHURST, a poft-town of England, in the county 

 «f Kent, containing 1782 inhabitants ; 1 1 miles S. of Maid- 

 ftone, and44S.E. of London. 



GOUDOZ, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia ; 

 72 miles E.N.E. of Kiutaja. 



GOUDIMEL, Claude, in Blogrnphyf one of the 

 early and moll celebrated compofcrs of mulic to the 

 metrical French tranllations of the pfalms for the 

 ufe of the Calvinills. He was a native of Franche- 

 Comte, who feems to have loil liis life at Lyons, on the 

 day of the mafFacre of Paris, for having fet to mutlc the 

 pfalms of Clement Marut. Goudimel has been much cele- 

 brated by the Calvinills In France for this muilc, which was 

 never ufed in the church of Geneva, and by tlie Catho- 

 lics in Italy for inilruiSting Paleilrina in the art of compofi- 

 tion, theugh it is doubtful whether this great harmonill 

 and Goudimel had ever the lead acquaintance or intercourfe 

 together. He fet the" Chanfons Spirituelks" of the cele- 

 brated Marc-Ant. De Muret, in four parts, which were 

 printed at Paris, 1555. We may fuppofe Goudimel, at 

 tliis time, to have been a Catholic, as the learned Miiret 

 is never ranked among heretics by French biogra- 

 phers. Ten years after, when he fet the pfalms of Clement 

 Marot, this verfion was Hill regarded with lefs horror by the 

 Catholics than in later times; for the mulic which Goudimel 

 had fet to it was printed at Paris by Adrian Le Roy, and 

 Robert Dallard, with a privilege, 1565. It was reprinted 

 in Holland, in 1607, for the uie of the Calvinills, but feems 

 to have been too difficult ; for we are told by tlie editor of 

 the pfalms of Claude le Jeune, which were printed at Ley- 

 den, 1633, and dedicated to tiie States-General, that, "in 

 publilhing the pfalms in parts, he had preferred the mufic 

 of Claudl- Le Jeune to that of Goudimel ; for as the coun- 

 terpoint was limply note for note, the naoll ignorant in mulic, 

 if poffefledof a voice, and acquainted with the pfalm-tune, 

 might join in the performance of any one of them ; which is im- 

 practicable in the compotitions of Goudimel, many of whole 

 pfalms being compofed in fugue, can only be performed by 

 perfons well Ikilled in mufic. 



The works of Goudimel, who was certainly the greatefl 

 mufician in France, during the reign of Charles IX., are 

 become fo fcarce, that his name and reputation are preferved 

 by Protellant hillorians, more in pity of his misfortunes, than 

 by any knowledge of their excellence. With relpeft to his 

 havingbeen the mailer of Paleilrina, that point will be dilcuff- 

 ed elfewhere. 



The eariiell mention of Goudimel, as a compofcr, that we 

 have been able to dilcover, is in a work entitled " Liber 

 quartus Ecclefiafticarum Cantionum quatuwr vocum vulgo 

 Motctx vocant," printed at Antwerp, by Suiato, 1554, 

 fighteen years before his death. On Icoring feveral of thefe 

 inotetx, we found the harr—onv pure and correct, but con- 

 :tru6led entirely on the principles of the ccclellallical tones : 

 probably before he became a dilciple of Calviu. The title 

 of all his compofitions may be feen in Draudius, Bibl. 

 Claffic. and Bibl. Exot. (See Franc, Ci. aide le Jeune, 

 r.nd P.VLE.STKINA. ) The motets of Goudimel, in four parts, 

 refemble in gravity of llyle, fimphcity in the fubjtcts of 

 fugue, and purity of harmony, ihe eccleliallicul compofi- 

 tions of our venerable countryman Bird. 



Vol. XVI. 



GOGDSWAARTE, in Gw^rj/Ay, a fmall ifland at tht 

 mouth of the Meufe, S. of the illand of Putttn. 



GOUEGA, a town of Africa, in Whidah : 10 rail« 

 W.S.W. of Sabi, 



GOVENDING, a town of Bengal;. 32 miles E. of 

 Calcutta. 



GOVERDAN, a town of Hindooftan, in Mewat..; 10 

 miles E.S.E. of Dig. — Alio, a town in Oude, near the De- 

 wali ; 20 miles N. of A/.imgur. 



GOVERDUNPOUR, a town of Hindooftan ; 44 mUn 

 N. of Allahabad. 



GOVERNDUNGURRY,-a town of Hindooftan, in 

 Canara ; [4 miles SE. of Onore. 



GOVERNMENT, a quality or office which gives a man 

 power or right to command or rule over a place, a city, a 

 province, a kingdom, or the like, either fup*cmcly or by 

 deputation. 



Government is cither gen-rat and fiipremc, as that of a 

 whole kingdom, empire, fovereign Hate, &c or particular 

 and fubordinate ; which, again, is fubdividcd into dvU, miJi- 

 tnry, and eccleJiaJVicaL 



Our cities, corporations, and boroughs, are ufually go- 

 verned by mayors, with aldermen and con»mon<ouncil» 

 men. 



Government is alio ufed for the country, city, or place 

 to which the power of governing or commanding is ex- 

 tended. 



Government, again, is ufed for the manner or form of 

 governing, /. e. for the police of a country, ftatc, &c. 



In this ienfe the various forms of government have gene- 

 rally received their denominations from the number of per- 

 fons to whom the fupreme power has been cntruiled. If it 

 be in one perfon, it is called a monarchy, efpecially if the chief 

 magiftrate lies under conliderable rellridions, or governs by 

 fixed and eftablilhed law s ; whereas, if this finglc perfon lie 

 under fewer rellraints, or directs every thing by his own will 

 and caprice, the government is called dcj'polic. If the fu- 

 preme power be lodged in a limited number of perfons, the 

 government is called an oligarchy, or arijlocracy ; and if all 

 the citizens have an equal vote in making laws, and appoint- 

 ing magiftrates, or the fupreme power is lodged in the whole 

 body of the people, it is called a democracy or republic. See 

 thefe feveral articles. 



Civil government and fociety originate in tht wants and 

 fears of individuals, who, being naturally free, equal, and 

 independent, affociate together, either by cxprefs or, tacit 

 confent, for the mutual prefervation of their lives, liberties, 

 and ellates, on this fundamental principle, th.it the wiiole 

 (liould protctl all its parts, and that every part fliould par 

 obedience to the will of the whole. However the feveral 

 forms of government, that now fubfill, aftually begun, there 

 is and mult be in all of them a fupreme, irrvfiilihle, abfo- 

 lute, uncontrouled authority, in which the jura J'miimi imperii, 

 or the rights of fovereignty, relide ; and this authority it 

 placed in thofe hands, wherein, according to the opinion of 

 the founders of fuch refpeClive Itates, either exprefsly given, 

 or collected from their tacit approbation, the quahties requi- 

 fite for fupremacy, vis. wifdom, goodnefs, and power, arc 

 the moft likely to be found. 



Individuals unite for mutual protection and benefit ; and, 

 therefore, the legillative and executive authority of govern- 

 ment, originally derived from themfelves, fhould be invaria- 

 bly directed to no other end but tlu-ir fafety and welfare ; 

 and that form of government is moil eligible, which is beft 

 adapted to thefe purpofes. Cicero declares liimlelf of opi- 

 nion, in his fragmeiHs De Rep. lib. ii. H efle optiniam con- 

 3 S . Aiiutam 



