GOV 



not be bound to bear, iince the obligation of bott\ ie found- 

 ed in the fame reafon ? Although their conditions may 

 diiTer, their rights fhould feem to be equal; i'.nd yet we 

 are accuftomed to fpeak of the rights as well as the happinefs 

 of a free peojile, compared with what belong to the fub- 

 jefts of abfolute monarchies ; and how, it may be reafon- 

 ablv inquired, can this comparifon be exp'ained, unlels we 

 refer to a difference in the compacts by which they are re- 

 fpetlivtly bound I In order to obviate this difficulty, it is 

 allowed that a Frenchman is in confeience bound to enduie 

 many tilings from his prince, to which an Englllhman woidd 

 not be bound to fiibmit for the following reafons ; iiiz. 

 becaufe the fame aft of the prince is not the lame grievance 

 •where- it is agreeable to the coiiiiitution, and where it in- 

 fringes it ; and becaufe redrefs in the two cafes is not equally 

 attainable. The duty of obedience is defined by different 

 boundaries, and the point of juftifiable refilVance is placed at 

 different parts of the J riile of fuffering — all which is fiiffi- 

 cicntly intelligible witliout a focial compaft. 7. The interetl 

 of the whole fociety is binding upon every part of it. If we 

 appeal to the Chrillian fcripturcs witli regard to the duty of 

 civil obedience or the extent oi our civil rights and obligations, 

 Chriftianity hath left us where (lie found us ; ihe has neither 

 altered, nor afcertained it. The two paiTages to which 

 writers have generally referred in their inveftigation of this 

 fubjeft are Romans xiii. i — 7, and i Peter ii. 13 — 18. In 

 order to comprehend the proper import of the inftruftions 

 contained in thefe paffages, there are two qucftions relating 

 to the fubjeft of civil obedience, which (hould be conlider- 

 ed, viz. whether to obey government be a moral duty and 

 obligation upon the confeience at all, and how far, and to 

 what cafes, that obedience ought to extend ? Tliefe paf- 

 fages, it may be obfervcd, inculcate the duly ; but they do 

 not defcribe the extent of it. The due conlideration of this 

 diftinftion is fufficient to vindicate thefe paffages of fcrip- 

 ture from any explanation of them that Ihall favour an un- 

 limited pafTive obedience. But admitting what many com- 

 mentators have itated, that an opinion was privately che- 

 rifhed by the firft Chrillians, which led them to conceive, 

 that their convcrfion to Chriftianity entitled them to new 

 immunities, to an exemption as of right (however they 

 might give way to neceffity) from the authority of the 

 Roman fovereign, we are fiirnilhed with a ftill more apt 

 and fatisfaftory interpretation of the Apoftle's words. The 

 two paffages apply with great propriety to the refutation 

 of this error. Little need be added in explanation of par- 

 ticular claufes. St. Paul has faid, " whofoever refifteth the 

 power, rciiftcth the ordiijance of God.'' This phrafe, "the 

 ordinance of God,'' is by many fo interpreted as to autho- 

 rize the moft exalted and fuperflitious ideas of the regal 

 character. But furely fuch interpreters have facriiiced 

 truth to adulation. For, in the firil place, the exprefTion, 

 ji9 ufed by St. Paul, is juft as applicable to one kind of 

 government, and to one kind of fucceflion, as to another, — 

 to the elective magiftratcs of a pure republic, as to an ab- 

 folute hereditary monarch. In the next place, it is not af- 

 firmed of the fupreme magiflrate exchifively, that he is the 

 ordinance of God ; the title, whatever it imports, belongs 

 to every inferior officer of the ftate as much as to the highcil. 

 The divine right of Hags is, like the divine right of conjla- 

 Ues, in the law of the land, or even aftual and quiet poifeiiion 

 of their office; a right ratified, we humbly prefume, by 

 the divine approbation, fo long as obedier.ce to their autho- 

 rity appears to be nccefiary or conducive to the common 

 %velfare. Princes are ordained of God by virtue only of 

 that general decree, by which he afTents, and adds the 



G O U 



fancllon of his will, to every law of fociety, which pro^ 

 motes his own purpofe, the communication of human hap. 

 pinefs : according to which idea of their origin and confli» 

 tution, and without any repugnancy to the words of St. 

 Paul, they are by St. Peter denominated the " ordinance of 

 vi'in." Paley, ubifupra. See King, L.A.W, Liberty, Mo- 

 NAitcnv, Parliament, Pas.sive obedience, &c. 



Government, in Grammar, is underftood of that con- 

 ftruttion of nouns and verbs, wherein they require fome 

 alteration to be made in others joined or conltruc^ed witii 

 them. 



Conftrudfion is divided into two parts ; that of concord, 

 and that of government, called alio regimen. See CoNCQRO 

 and Re(;imen. 



GOVERNOLO, in Geography, a town of Italy, in the 

 department of the Mincio ; 12 miles S. E. of Mantua. 



GOVERNOR, an officer veiled by a king, or fovereign 

 prince, with the command and adminillration of a province, 

 place, &c. 



A governor reprefents the king ; and not only commands 

 the garrifon, troops, &c. but the citizens, &c. A gover- 

 nor of a fortified place was anciently required to hold out 

 three attacks, before he furrendered. 



GovERNOK is alfo frequently ufed for a prefidcut or fu- 

 perintendant. 



Thus we fay, the governor of the bank ; the governor 

 and directors of the South Sea company ; the governor of 

 an hofpital, &c. 



GOVERY, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in the 

 circar of Rajamundry ; 10 miles W. N.W. of Raiamundry. 



GOUF. See Golf. 



GOUFRE, in Geography, a town of Canada, in the 

 river St. Lawrence ; 50 miles E. of Quebec. 



GOUGANE-B.VNKA, a lake of Ireland, in the county 

 of Cork, not far from Inchigeele. The river Lee rifes in 

 a mountain above this lake, through which it flows. It was 

 formerly the refidence of St. Fin-Bar, and is vifited by 

 great numbers of pilgrims, whilll its romantic beauties 

 attratf a few travellers, notwithftanding the ruggednefs of 

 the road. 



GOUGE, William, in Biography, who flourifhed in 

 the former part of the feventeenth century, was born in the 

 parilh of Bow, in the year 1575. He was educated partly 

 at St. Paul's fchool, and partly at Eton, and, in 1595, he 

 was elected to King's college, Cambridge. Here, in due 

 time, he performed with mucli applaufe all the exercifes re- 

 quired by the ftatutes, and took his degrees. In 1607, ^^ 

 was admitted into orders, and in the following year obtained 

 the redtory of Blackfriars, London. In this fituation he 

 continued during the remainder of his life, difcharging the 

 palloral functions with great diligence and fidehty, and 

 letting before his parifhioners an example worthy of imita- 

 tion. The zeal with which he performed the duties of his 

 office, led him to eltablifh a weekly lefture, which was 

 frequented not only by his own people but by many of 

 the London clergy, the members of the Inns of Court, 

 and the more refpettable and ferious citizens. In 1628, he 

 was admitted to the degree of dottor of divinity, and about 

 the fame period he became one of the truftees ot the fociety 

 that had united for the purpofe of buying up impropria- 

 tions, to bellow them on fuch unpatronized clergymen as 

 were dillinguilhed for piety and other minilterial qualifica- 

 tions, whicli occafioned his being profecuted in the ftar- 

 chamber. In 1653, he was nominated one of the affem- 

 bly of divines, and was held in fuch reputation by that 

 body, that he was often called to fill the moderator's chair 



6 during 



