G O U 



during lu's abfence. He was felefted as a proper perfoii 

 to write notes on the bible, and took, for his fliare of the 

 work, from the beginning of the firll book of Kings to 

 that of Job. He died in the year 1653, foon after he had 

 completed his 78th year. He had, for ieveral years, been 

 efteemed the father of the London miniftors. In his de- 

 portment, lie was modeft, hinr.blc, and afTabie ; he had a 

 pious and benevolent fpirit, and continued to preach as long 

 as he had ilrength to walk into the pulpit. Befides the 

 " Annotations" already referred to, Dr. Gouge publifhed 

 many other theological pieces, as " A Commentary on the 

 ZpiiUe to the Hebrews ;'' " An Expofition of the Lord's 

 Pravcr ;"' " The whole Armom- of God," Sec. 



Gouge, Tiiom.vs, fon of the preceding, was bom at 

 Bow, in the year 1605 ; and having, in his academical 

 courle, followed the iteps of his father, he was firft chofen 

 fellow of his college, and afterwards prefented with a living 

 at Colfden, near Croydon, in Surrey, where he continued 

 but a fhort time ; and, in 1638, he undertook the more im- 

 portant charge of St. Sepulchre's parifh, London. During 

 a period of twenty-four years he difchargcd the duties of 

 his profeffion with the mod exemplary zeal. Befides 

 preaching twice every Sunday, and often on week days, 

 he vifited his flock, catechited their children, enquired into 

 and relieved the wants of the poor, and devifed plans for 

 their employment. He is faid to have given the hint which 

 produced the humane and benevolent inflitutions of Mr. 

 Firmin, which have been referred to in the memoir of that 

 excellent citizen. When the act of Uniformity took place, 

 he was too confcientious to facritice his principles on the 

 fhrine of power, and was ejedled from his living. His time 

 was now zealoufly devoted to afts of beneficence and cha- 

 rity. He employed his own fortune, which was confiderable, 

 in relieving the wants of his poorer brethren, who, on ac- 

 count of their non-conformity, were deprived of their 

 means of fubfillence ; and he was a fucceisful applicant to the 

 rich, from whom lie received large fums, which were applied 

 to that humane purpefe. In the year 1671, he fet about 

 a plan for introducing knowledge and religion into the dif- 

 ferent parts of Wales, which at that period were in the 

 moil deplorable darknefs. He eftablillied fchools in dif- 

 ferent towns where the poor were willing that their chil- 

 dren (hould be taught the elements of learning, and he un- 

 dertook to pay all the expences which were incurred in 

 the outfet of the buiinefs. By degrees thefe fchools amounted 

 to between three and four hundred, and they were all an- 

 nually vifited by Mr. Gouge, when he carefully enquired 

 into the progrefs made by the young people, before whom 

 he occalionally preached in a ilyle adapted to their age 

 and circumllances in life, until he was obhged to defill by 

 profecutions carried on againll him in the eccleliaftical 

 courts. With the afllilance of his friends, whofe purfes 

 were ever open at his command, he printed eiglit thoufand 

 copies of the bible in the Welfh language, a thouiand of 

 thefe were diftributed freely among thofe who could not 

 afford to purchafe them, and the reft were fent to the cities 

 and chief towns in the principality, to be fold at reafon- 

 able rates. He procured likewife the church catechifm, 

 and otlier praftical pieces, to be printed in the WeHli lan- 

 guage, and diflributed among the poor. To thefe and 

 fuch like charitable undertakings did Mr. Gouge devote his 

 time, his talents, and his fortune, when precluded by the 

 intolerance of the laws from officiating in the capacity of 

 a preacher He was accuflomed to fay with pleafurc, 

 " that he had two livings which he would not exchange 

 for two of the greateft in England'' Thefe were Wales, 

 where he travelled every year to diffufe the principles of 



G O U 



knowledge, piety, and charity: and Chrift's Hofpj'tar, 

 where he catechifcd and inftr-jctcd the children in the funda- 

 mental principles of religion. He died faddenly in 1681, 

 in the feventy-ftventh year of his aee. His death was re- 

 garded as a public lofs. A faneral ferinon was preached 

 on the occafion by Dr. Tillotfon, afterwards archbifhopof 

 Canterbury ; who, at the conclufion of an animated eulo- 

 gium on his piety and virtue, obfervcs, that " all things 

 confidered, there have not, fince the primitive times of 

 Cliriftianity, been many among the fons of men, to whom 

 that glorious charafter of the fon of God might be better 

 applied, that «' he went about doing good." And Mr. 

 Baxter, in his Narrative of liis own Life and Times, favs 

 of Mr. Gouge, " I never heard any one perfon, of what- 

 ever rank, fort, or feft foever, fpeak one word to his dif- 

 honour, or name any fault that they charged on his life 

 or doftrine ; no, not the prelatilh themfelves, fave onlv 

 that he conformed not to their impofitions ; and that he did 

 fo much good witli fo much induilry." This eminent Chrif- 

 tian divine publifhed a few pradical pioces, of wiiich the 

 following may be mentioned ; " The Principles of Religion 

 Explained:' "A Word to Sinners:" " Chriftian Direc- 

 tions to walk with God :" " The furcft and fafcll Way 

 of Thri\-ing, viz. by Charity to the Poor ;'' " The Young 

 Man's Guide through the Wildernefs of this World." 

 Gen. Biog. Neal's Hift. of the Puritans. 



GOUGE, an inflrnmeiit ufed by divers artificers; being 

 a fort of round, hollow chifFcl ; ferving to cut holes, chan- 

 nels, grooves, &c. in wood. Hone, &c. 



GOUGEON, Joux, in Biography, a French fculptor 

 and architecl in the reigns of Francis I. and his fuccclfors, is 

 reckoned the firll who introduced a true tafte for fculplure 

 in France, :.nd freed it from the barbarifm of former times. 

 He was employed in many of the public works with which 

 Paris began to be decorated in the reign of Francis I. Of 

 thefe the mofl confiderable is the fountain of the Nvmphs, 

 called the Innocents, tiniflied in tlie year i ^50. Among the 

 other remains of his workmanfliip is a tribune in the hall des 

 Cent-Suilfes, at the Louvre, enriched with fculptures, and 

 lupportcd by four gigantic Caryatides. He was an able 

 medalitl, and ftruck Ieveral pieces for Catharine de Medicis, 

 which are fought by the curious. He generally worked in 

 fmall, and there are no detached figures or groups by hi» 

 hand. His reliefs are executed with tallc, his draper)' is 

 light and elegant, his figures graceful and flexible, but their 

 attitudes fomewhat forced. He was a Huguenot, and was 

 Ihot as he was working on a fcaffold, on tiie infamous St. 

 Bartholomew's day, 1570. Gen. Biog. 



GOUGH's IsL.\SD, in Geography, a fmall iflasd in the 

 Southern Atlantic ocean, difcovered by captain Gough in 

 1715. It is very high land, in S. lat. 40 15'. W. long. 

 81° 57'. Some doubt being entertained with n-fpcA to its 

 true longitude, it was reconmiended to M. de la Peroufe to 

 afcertain its true polition, as it lies in the way of Ihips going 

 directly to India, or China> early in tlie feafon, without 

 touching at the Cape. 



GOUJET, Ci-.\UDE PETEn, in Biography, was bom at 

 Paris in 1697. His father, a taylor by trade, in \-ain op- 

 pofed his inclination for a (ludious hfc. He >vas educated 

 among tlie Jefuits, and, having taken orders, became a canon 

 of the cliurch of St. Jacques de I'Hopital in Paris. He 

 was an affociatc of feveral academics in France, and was ge- 

 nerally eilcemed for his learning, am' alfo on account of the 

 mildnefs of his temper and the purity of his morals. He 

 died in 1767, and had collected a library of ten thouiand 

 well chofen vokimes, which was the bafis of his numerous 

 works. Of thefe, tlie following may be UKntioned, »• 'Vies 



des 



