G O U 



in the departmenrof the North Coafts ; 8 miles S. of Lam- 

 ballc, 



GOURD, in Botany. Sec CucuRr.iTA. 

 Gourd, Bitter. See Colocynthis. 

 Gourd, Indian tree. See CresCENtia. 

 GoLHD, Sour. See Baobab. 



GouRD-TOOr/;;, the EngliiTi name of a fpccies of worm 

 found in the inteftines of feveral animals. It has this name 

 from its refembling the feed of the gourd in figure. 



GOURDON, in Geography, a town of France, in the 

 department of the Lot, and principal place of a diilrift, 1 6 

 miles N. of Cahors. N.lat. 46*" 44'. E. long. 1° 28'. The 

 place contains 3703, and the canton 12,115 inhabitants, on 

 a- territorv of 150 kiiiometres, in ly communes. 

 GOURD Y, Legs ,,f Horfcs. See Grease. 

 GOUREY, in Geography., a town of Hindooftan, in 

 Omie ; 10 miles N. W of Lucknow. 



GOURGONG, a town of Hindooftan, in Allahabad; 

 10 miles N. of Corah. 



GOURGOUTY, a town of Hindooftan, in Golconda ; 

 36 miles W. S. W. of Rachore. 



GOURIN, a towH of France, in the department of the 

 Morbihan, and chief pl?,ce of a canton, in the diftritt of 

 Pontivy ; 26 miles W. N. 'W. of Pontivy. The place 

 contains 3674, and the canton 11,819 i'lhabitants, on a 

 territory of 242^ kiiiometres, in five communes. 



GOURMA, a town of Abyflinia, on the coaft of the 

 Red fea. N. lat 14 52'. 



GOURMUNGUL, a town of Hindooftan, in Gol- 

 conda; 12 miles S.W. of Malkar. 



GOURMELEN, Etiexne, in Biography, was a na- 

 tive of Brittany, and was fent at an early age to Paris, 

 where he ftudied furgery, and afterwards medicine ; in the 

 latter of wliich he took the degree of doctor in the year 

 1559, and was elefted dean of the faculty in November, 

 1574. Surgery, however, continued to be the favourite 

 objeft of his attention, aiid he was appointed by Henry IH. 

 profeffor of furgery in the Royal College in the year 1588. 

 But he did not long fill his chair, for lie died in 1594 His 

 writings, which were valuable in their dav, have now loft 

 their intereft, in confequence of the great improvements of 

 modern furgery : they confift of a " Synophs Chirurgia?," 

 printed in 1566, and afterwards tranfla'ed into French; — 

 a Latin tranflation of Hippocrates " De Alimento," with 

 a commentary ; —and a treatife, entitled " C!iirurgi.e Artis 

 ex Hippocrr.tis et Vctcrum decretis ad rationis normam 

 redafta?, Libri tres,'' 1580. Eloy. Dift. Hift. 



GOURNAl, Le Jar.s de, Mary, wasbornat Paris in 

 I 506, She was, while very young, deprived of her father, 

 .ind acquired an adoptive one intlie celebrated Michael Mon- 

 tagne, who became the objeift of her enthufiaftic admira- 

 tion. After the death of Montague ftie became heirefs of 

 his writings, and publiflied an edition of his " EfTay?," de- 

 dicated to cardinal Richelieu. She had well improved the 

 lelfons of youth, and was intimately acquainted u ith the 

 learned languages. She maintained a correfponde;:ee with 

 many of the moft eminent literary characlers of the age, by 

 feme of whom Hie was honoured with the title of the " Tenth 

 Mnfe;" by others ihe was denominated the "French Sy- 

 ren ;" it is not, however, improbable, that the uncommon- 

 jiefs of female learning at that time in France, rather than 

 the intrinfic m.rit of her writings, excited admiration. In 

 her own language (lie wrote a lliff^ and awkward ilyle, and 

 ht-r tafte in reading was ufually turned to the compilations and 

 commentaries of paft ages. She paffcd her life in celibacy, 

 contenttd with a fmall pcHfion from the court, and much 



G O U 



efteemed by her particular friends, foinc of wFiom were 

 perfens of high rank. She died at Paris in 1645, in her 

 79th year, and was honoured with many epitapiis from li- 

 terary charadtcrs. Her works were collected in a quarto 

 volume, under the title of " Lcs Avis ou Ics prefensde M 

 Demoifelle de Gournai." Her temper was apt to be vio- 

 lent, and flie was very refentful of real or fuppofrd injuries ; 

 by th?fe means Ihe made herfelf many enemies, who attacked 

 her in their writings, in which neither her perfon, nor the 

 defects in her charadter were fpared. Bayle. Moreri. 



GOURNAY, in Geography, a town of France, in the 

 department of the Lower Seine, and chief place of a canton 

 in the diftritt of Neufchatel, 24 miles E. of Rouen. N. 

 lat. 49- 29'. E. long. I 47'. The place contains 3543, 

 and the canton 11,301 inhabitants, on a territory of 180 ki» 

 liometres, in 19 com.munes. 



GOURNEI, a town of Egypt, on the fcite of the an- 

 cient Thebes. 



GOUROCK. See Greenock. 



GOURRI, a town of Abyffinia; 3c miles S.W. of 

 Afliib. 



GOURVILLE, John Herauld de, in Biographx, born 

 at Rochefoucauld in 1625, was taken by the celebr.iled duke 

 of that title into his ler\ice as valet de chambre, but in 3. 

 fliort time he became his conlldential friend. He was pa- 

 tronized by the great Condc, and was employed by tli« fii- 

 perinrendant Fouquet, in pubUc bufmefs. So well did he 

 approve himlelf to his employers for political talents and in- 

 tegrity that he was propofed to the king as fuccefl'or to Col- 

 bert in the miniftry. He died in 1705, leaving behind him 

 " Memoirs of his Life from 1642 to 1698," in two volumes 

 i2mo. Thefe memoirs- are written witii franknefs and fim-. 

 plicity, in a lively, though incorrect ilyle, and they con- 

 tain many curious and well authenticated anecdotes of tht? 

 miniftcrs and principal perfons of his time, of which, it i* 

 faid, Voltaire made much ufe. Moreri. 



GOURY Pa.shnl'.m, in Natural Hijlory, a namcgiven 

 by the people of the Eail Indies to a kind of orpiment of a 

 deep yellow colour, veined with red in feveral places, and. 

 in fome with white. It is found principally at the bottoms- 

 of mountains. They calcine it fevei-al times, and afterwards 

 give it internally after intermitting fevers, and ufe it txtcr- 

 niiUy in ointments for the itch. 



GOUSSET, James, in Biography, was born at Bloir 

 in the year 1635. He was educated for the miuiliry, and 

 was chofen pallor of the Proteftant church at Poitiers in the 

 year 1662. He was thrice invited to undertake the pri>- 

 feftbrftiip of divinity at Saumur, but refufed to <)uit his flock 

 till compelled to become a fugitive from the kingdom, in con- 

 fequence of the revocation of the edlti of Nantz. On this 

 occafion he took refuge in Holl;;Dd, and afterwards \va» 

 fettled, as French minifter, at Groningen, where he likewife 

 exercifed the otlices of profelTor of divinity, and of the He- 

 brew language in the univerfity of that city. He died there 

 in 1704, in his fixty-ninth year. His principal works were 

 " Dilfertations in Controverfy with the Jews," 1699. 

 " Commentarii Linguic Hebraica;," 17C2, which forma 

 valuable Hebrew didtionary, of which the beft edition was 

 publilhed at Leipficin 1743. " Diftertationes in Epiftolam 

 Pauli ad Hebrsos," &c. 1712. At his death he left be- 

 hind him numerous MSS., among which are commcntarie* 

 upon the whole of the facrcd fcriptures. Moreri. 



GOUST, Gout, a French term, for what the Italians 

 call guJJo, and w e tajle. 



GOUT, in Jtlet/icine, a difeafe principally charaAerized. 

 by inflammatory attacks of the joints, more cfpccially of the 



foot^ 



