GOV 



ordinary clothes, hanging down to the feet. It is faHiioned 

 differently for eccleliallics, and for laymen. 



At Rome, they give the nan-.e \irile gown, togas virihs, 

 to a plain kind of gown, which their youth afTumed when 

 arrived at puberty. Thij they particularly denominated 

 prslextii. 



In iome univerfities, phyficians wear the fcarlet gown. 

 In the Sorbonne, t!:e doctors are always in gown.s and caps. 

 Beadles, &;c. u ear gowns of two colours. 



Among the Fre icli officers, &c. they diilingnifh thofe of 

 the (hort gown, or robe ; which are fuch as have not been 

 regularly examined. They have alio barbers of the (liort 

 gown, who are fuch as are obliged to practife in an inferior 

 way to furgeons, or thofe of the long robe. 



Gowx is alfo taken, in the general, for the civil maglf- 

 Lratiire, or the profeflion oppofite to that of arms. 



In this fenfe it was that Cicero faid, " Cedant anna 

 tog.f." 



GOWRAH, in Geography, a town of Bengal; 27 miles 



S. S. E. of Doefa Alio, a town of Hindooilan ; 5 miles 



N. E. ot Benares. 



GOWRAN, a poil town of Ireland, in the county of 

 Kilkenny. It is a place at prefent of no importance, but 

 was a borough before the Union, and there are fome ruins 

 which I'eem to intimate its former importar^ce. It is 52 

 miles S. from Dublin. 



GOWREY, a town of Hindooftan, in Oude ; 53 miles 

 W. of Kairabad. 



GOV\'*RY-BiRD, in Ornithology, a name given by Ed- 

 wards to the Lo.\l.\ punciuloria. 



GOWRYPOUR, in Geography, z town of Bengal ; 

 26 miles S. E. of Dacca. 



GOWT, in Enginfery, or go-out, is a name applied to 

 the fea iluice, or valves ufed in embankments next the 

 ica or tidal rivers, for letting out the land-waters when 

 the tide is out, and preventing the ingrefs of ialt-water. 

 Srime of the gowts in the fens of Lincolnlliire and Cam- 

 bridgelhire are very large works, and coil in.menfe funis of 

 money. 



GOY, in Geography. See Ant.oi. 



GOYANES, a town of Spain, in GaUicia, on the fea- 

 coait ; 25 miles S. W. of Santiago. N. lat. 42 32'. W. 

 long. ^ jo'. 



GOY.-vS, Go.lAS, or Goyaz, a town and government 

 of Brazd, extending irom 42 to 54° W. long, and from 

 6 30' to 19 S. lat. the inhabitants of which arc cilimatcd 

 at 8930 whites, 29,630 Indians, and 34,100 negroes, who 

 are employed in icarching for gold in the mines, which 

 were dilcoveredin the year 1726. 



GOYAVA, a town on the \V. coafl of the illand of 

 Grenada. N lit. 12° 13'. W. lor.g. 61 31'. 



GOY.VVES, a town oftheifland of Gaadaloupe, giv- 

 ing name to a bay in which it is iituated. 



GOYEN, .Toiix Van-, in Biography, a painter, born at 

 Leyden in 1596, who iludied fuccefsfully the practice of 

 Ian4fcape-painting under feveral maiters, and having an un- 

 coninon readinefs and IkiiUiliiefs of liand, he produced a 

 great many works of a light agreeable kind ; with much 

 charactei- of nature, but no great reliih of art ; which, in 

 their time, however, were very highly elleemed and widely 

 fpread over Europe. 



Views of he fcenes on the banks of the canals and rivers 

 of the Low Countries were his favourite lludies ; fometimes 

 he emerged to the fea fhore, or funk into the interior of the 

 country, and fkctched the villages that prel'ented themlelves 

 to his talle in the one, or the harbours, &c. of the other ; 

 bat all are touched by the fame kiud of pencilling, and 



G R A 



generally in the fame hue of colour, when he came to wprk 

 them up into pirtures. Certainly, they have much ment of 

 a peculiar kind, fuch as liglitnefs in the handling, and free- 

 dom in their efl'ect ; but frequently they arc vapid and 

 flimfy, and by no meansjullify the high value and repuutioii 

 affixed to them. It is faid that the grey tone, too frequently 

 found in his pidnrcs, arofe from the ufe \k made of Haer- 

 lem blue, which is apt to fade into that tint, and therefore 

 no longer in ufe. Jt may be fo ; but tliat grey is not the 

 l>redominant defeft in his pictures : it is the evident halle 

 with whicli they are wrought, and their confcquent impcr- 

 fection of imitation, that induces us thus to condemn what 

 the world have too long eAimated in a high ratio, which 

 ought only be given to works completed with the ikill and 

 ])urity of tafte of a Caracci or a Claude. He died in 165(5, 

 aged 60. 



GOZ, or GoZF.N-, in Geography, a fea-port town of Mo- 

 rocco, on the coall of the Atlantic, in the vicinity of 

 Mogodor. 



GOZO, an ifland of the Mediterranean, fituated N. W. 

 of Malta, and at a little dillance from it. This illand is 

 about 25 miles in circumference, ratlier fertile, and contain- 

 ing about 3000 inliabitants. 



Gozo, or GafJa, a finall ifland in the Mediterranean, 

 about 27 miles from the S. W. coall of Cardia ; anciently 

 " Clauda," near which St. Paul failed in his voyage to 

 Rome. Some biblical writers fuppofe that the Gozo near 

 the ifle of Malta h the Clauda of the Book cf Aits It is 

 occupied by about 30 families ; who have a Greek church, 

 and is occalionally vilited by vefTels for a fupplv of water and 

 provifions. At a fmall dillance to the well is a verj- little 

 ifland called " Pulo Gozo," or Little Goz. N. lat. 34 48'. 

 E. long. 23 46. See Cl.U."DA. 



GOZZANO, a town of Italy, in the department of the 

 Gogna ; 18 miles N. of Novara. 



GOZZOLI, Bkxozzo, in Biography, one of the early 

 practitioners of tlic art of painting on its revival. He was a 

 Florentine, and difciple of Fra. Angelico ; but fubfequeiitly 

 imitated with very great fiiccefs the llyle of Maflaccio, his 

 contemporary. V'alari fpeaks of him with great elleem 

 under the name of Beiio/zo, and relates hiilories of his 

 many productions at Fhirence, Volterra, Rome, and Pila ; 

 at wliich latter place are his moil confpicuoiis labours, both 

 in hillory and portraits, which indivd at tint time weix> 

 uhially introduced in hillorical pictures. At Pifa he died 

 i'l 1478, aged 78, and a monument, with a Latin epitaph, 

 is placed near his principal work in the Campo-Santo ; a 

 111 niento of his powers, and the elleem in wiiich thev were 

 held. 



GRAAF, Rkixieh De, an excellent phylician, was 

 born at Schoonhove, a town in Holland, where his father 

 was an eminent arcliitecl, on the 3Cth of .lulv, i6j.i. He 

 ftudied phyllc at Ley den, where he made great progrels, 

 and at the age of 22, publilhed his ti-eatife •' De Succo Pan- 

 creatico,'' which gained him conliderable reputation. In 

 1665', he went to France, and received the degree of M. D. 

 at Angers ; but lie returned to Holland in the following 

 year, anil llttled at Delft, where his great fuctxis in praclicc 

 excited the envy of his profefiional brethren. He married 



in 1O72, and died in .\u'.^u(l, 1673, when he was oulv ;2 

 years of age. He publilhed three diifertations relative to 

 the organs of generation in both fexes, upon which he had 

 a controverfy with Swammerdam. His works were pub- 

 lilhed in 8vo. at Leyden, in 1677 and 1705 ; they were 

 alio trandated into Flemilh, and publilhed at Amltendam iu 

 1686. Hutchinfon, Biog. Med. Eloy. 

 Gra-vf R£V-\j;Tj in Geography, a difln& of fouthcm 



Africa,. 



