G R A 



G R A 



every other day ftirred. It fliould be carefully kept from 

 being expofed to froll or drying u inds ; and the ottener it 

 is wrought over the better it will become. 



Some have lately made ufe of another fort of compofition 

 for grafting, v/hich has been found to anfwer the intention 

 of keeping out the air better than the clayey mixture. It 

 is compofed of turpentine, bees'-wax, and rofm melted toge- 

 ther ; which, when of a proper confillence, is put on the 

 ftock round the graft, in the fame manner as the clay is ufu- 

 ally applied ; and though it be not above a quarter of an 

 inch thick, it keeps out the air more effeftually than the 

 clay ; and, as cold hardens it, there is no danger of its being 

 hurt by frofl, wliich is very apt to caule tiie clay to crack, 

 and fall off ; and, when the heat of the fmnmer comes on, it 

 melts and falls off without any trouble. In the ufmg it, a 

 tin or copper pot is nccefl'arv, with a convenience under it 

 to keep a very gentle lu-e v.'ith fmall coal ; otherwife the cold 

 foon condcnfes the mixture. It is necelTarv not to apply it 

 too'hot, led the graft be injured. A perlon a little accui- 

 tomed to this compofition, applies it very faft ; and it is 

 much eafier for him to work with than clay, efpccially wlien 

 ..the feafon proves cold. 



In the bufinefs of grafting it is found, tliat in long-conti- 

 iiued dry feafons the grafts are liable to fail in taking, which 

 is fometimes probably owing to the improper choice of the 

 grafts, as well as to the dry weatiicr. Great care fliould of 

 courfe always be taken not to graft with weak flioots, par- 

 ticularly thofe taken from near the top, but fucli as are 

 taken from the lower end of the (hoots, and in which the 

 wood is plump and frefli : fuch as are flirivclled feldom or 

 ever take well. When any have miffed in the fpring, it has 

 been advifed to cut off, about the middle or latter end of 

 June, fome fine, healthy grafts of the forts that are vviihed 

 to graft with, and to open the bark in the fame manner as 

 for budding, inferting the graft with a piece of the former 

 year's wood on it, and after this has been done, to rub in 

 with a brufh fome of the compofition of Mr. Forfyth in a 

 liquid Hate ; then to warp bafs round it, as is done for 

 Ipring grafting, leaving about tliree eyes in the fhoot, which 

 fliould be tied on with the bafs as light as poflible ; then 

 covering the outfide of the bafs, thus tied up, with the com- 

 pofition to the thicknefs of about one-eighth of an inch, as 

 well as the end of the ihoot, to exclude the air and wet. In 

 about three weeks or a month, the grafts ihould be looked 

 over, to fee if they have taken. When the gntft begins to 

 hvell, it will throw off the compofition; in which cafe al- 

 ways remember to apply more to prevent the air from pene- 

 trating the incifion or wound that has been formed. 



About the month of September it fliould be examined 

 whether the wounds are all healed up, and the two barks 

 perfeftly united ; which, if they are, flackcn the bafs ; and 

 when they are perfeftly healed up, it may be wholly taken 

 off ; but if not, the bafs mull be again tied on, and covered 

 with a compofition as before, letting it remain till the follow- 

 ing fpring. It may then be taken off ; and if it be found 

 that the two barks have feparated during the winter, with 

 the point of a fliarp knife, all the brown part of the bark 

 (which, if left, would infallibly bring on the canker) fhould 

 be cut out, and the compofition rubbed into the wound. 

 When the grafts have produced ftrong leading flioots, the 

 tops of them ihould be pinched off with the finger End 

 thumb ; but if they have not fliot ftrong, they Ihould not be 

 cut till the fpring, when they may be cut do\vn to three or 

 four eyes, according to their flrength, to make them pro- 

 duce hori/.ontal flioots, and form handfome heads. This 

 fort of grafting fliould always be performed in moift or 

 cloudy weatlier,_ if pofTible, as under fuch circumilances the 

 operation molUy fucceeds better. 

 2 



It has been remarked by Mr. Forfyth, that rubbing a little 

 of his compofition into the incifion will efteftually prevent 

 the canker, and in applying it round the graft, a much lefs 

 quantity is fufficient than of the clay ; as it need not be more 

 tlian three inches round in grafting fmall Hems or fhoots, and 

 ill proportion for thofe which are larger. It keeps the 

 fcion moift. When uted in grafting, it fliould be of fuch a 

 confiftence as to work cafily with the hand, or a knife, or 

 fmall trowel, rather fofter than grafting-clay generally is. 

 This method, on a fair trial, will, he thinks, be found " a 

 fure, neat, and expeditious way of grafting." 



In grafting, or budding, they fliould be per'ormed as near 

 to the upper fide of a bud as poffible, and the nioft proper 

 place for inferting the fcions cr buds is at the joints, a little 

 above tlie crofs flioot. 



And in refpeft to the forts of trees that will fuccecd 

 upon one another, it may be obferved that all fuch as arc of 

 tlie fame genus, that i", which agree in their flower and 

 fruit, take upon each otiier ; hence all the nut -bearing trees 

 may be fafely grafted on each other, as well as all the 

 plum-bearing trees, as the feveral forts of plums, almond, 

 peach, neftarine, apricot, &c. ; but as many of them are 

 fubject to admit gum from the parts wounded, as the peach 

 and neftarine kinds, it is found the fureft method to bud or 

 inoculate them. 



All fuch trees as bear cones alfo do well upon each otlu r, 

 though they may differ in one being evergreen, and the otlnr 

 ftiedding its leaves in winter ; as in the cedar of Libanus, and 

 the larch-tree, whicli are found to fucceed upon each other ; 

 but they muft be grafted by approach, as they abound with a 

 great quantity of refin, which is apt to evaporate from the 

 graft, when feparated from the tree before it is joined with 

 the flock ; whereby they are often deflroyed. The laurel 

 likewife on the cherry, or the cherry on the laurel. All the 

 mafl-bearing trees are alfo found to take upon each other, 

 and thofe which have a tender foft wood do well if grafted 

 in the common way ; but fuch as are of a firm contexture, 

 and are flow growers, muft be grafted by approach. 



It is likewife by this method that many kinds of exotic 

 trees are not only propagated, but alfo rendered hardy 

 enough to endure the cold of our climate in the open air ; as 

 by being grafted upon flocks of the fame kind whi^h are 

 hardy, the grafts are rendered more capable of enduring 

 the cold, and the general effetis of the atmofphere. 



Gii.-\FTiNG ll''cix. See Wax. 



Gk.\fting Tool, in Engineery, fignifies a kind of fpade, 

 made very ftrong and curving, ufed in digging canals, often 

 called only a tool ; (eejig. 50. C.vnals, PLite VII. 



GRAFTON, in Geography, a town of America, in 

 Windham county, Vermont, chartered by the name of Tom- 

 linfon, but affuniiug its new name in 1 791. It contains 

 1 149 inhabitants, and lies W. of Rockingham, adjoining. 

 . Grafton Counly, a county of New Haniplhire, bounded 

 N. by Canada, S. by the counties of Strafford, HilHborough, 

 and Clielhire, W. by the ftate of Virginia, and E. by the 

 diilricl of Maine. It is divided into ^o townlhips, and 17 

 locations, and contains 23,093 inhabitants. 



GiiAFTOX, a pofl-town in the county above-mentioned, 

 13 miles S.E. of Dartmouth college, and 19 S.W. of Ply- 

 mouth. It was incorporated in 1778, and contains 682 in- 

 habitants. Lapis fpecularis, of the befl quality, is found in 

 this town ; it lies in a mountain about 20 miles E. of Dart- 

 mouth college, adhering to the rocks of white or yellow 

 quartz, and lying in laminre, like fheets of paper. 



Grakton, the Hojfanamifco of the Indians, a townfhip in 

 Wui-cefler county, Maffachufetts, containing 985 inhabit- 

 ants ; 40 miles S.W. of Bofton. 



Gii.\i'ioXj C.^pe, a cape on the coaft of New Holland, 



£0 



