a>^x r:\r.e-^7«.i, I tame not to deftroy, 



came not to dedroy, another tiling, (i. e. I came for another 



thins-,) I came to iultil. , i , , 



JNlr. Tooke derives but fiom two different words botan, to 

 ioo/, and hutnn, or /,.- «to«, to be out, or /(7 M,p!, and accord- 

 inn-ly alTKTiis the word two ditfere.it fenfes, as it is taken trom 

 the one Sr the other. In oppof.tion to this, we maintain 

 that but is tlie AngU)-Saxonj5///o«, or ^u/an, and has the fcnle 

 which it bears in thiit language of esrepi, ivithoul, and no 

 other but this, or one reiolvable into this. We farther 

 maintain, that the Anglo-Saxon baton is the Arabic and 



Hebrew fl"'. *'"^. "> "'' ''■'''"''' ^"^ " '■'".'^'. '", -j ' 

 former with the nummtion, is iK«o« ; and the principal idea 

 implied in it is fip.u-citkn. With but have flowed trom the 

 lame fource bit, a morfcl feparated ; fc., to feparate with 

 the teeth Let us applv the word thus explained. I law 

 none but two pl.ui's— two plants being leparated I law 

 none, or two planted being excepted or taken away, I law 



none. . . r 1 



In fiich inftances as tl'K-fe, the negative is often omitted 

 for the lake of brevity ; but it imilk be fupphed betore the 

 fentence can be explained. Again, " I have much to iay on 

 this fubiea, but 1 muR proceed to another." Mr. I.ocke 

 obferved, that in f xh inilances, but intimates a Itop oi the 

 mind, in the courle it was gomg. But, fays our gram- 

 marian, the truth is, that hut illelf is the farlhcll or any 

 ord in the language from intimating a (lop. '^" "'« 

 ntrary, it intimates fomething more, lomcthiKg to follow, 

 juid, therefore, whenever any one in difeomimg hnillies 

 his words with but, the quelHon always follows, but what f 

 p 205 Now, we hefitate not to lay that Locke, though 

 not right, is nearer the truth than Mr. H. Tooke. " I have 

 much to fay on this fnbjetl, let that liowever be ieparate 

 or that being feparated or laid alide, I proceed to another 

 ■ Here then but denotes the remoial of the thing which alreacy 

 occupied the mind, and the fucceedmg word or words 

 mark that which is introduced to fill its place. On fuch 

 a removal the mind naturally looks forward to the mtro- 

 duftion of fomething elfe ; and its expetlation m this 

 refpcft forms no part of the meaning expreffed by iu^ but 

 is a habit formed by experience or affociation. Knott 

 ■having rem-arked, that the Catholics prayed, conferred 

 places, and confultcd the originals ; Chilhngworth replies, 

 << you prav, but it is not that God would bring you to the 

 true religion, but that he would confirm you m your own. 

 You confer places, but it is that you may confirm or colour 

 over with plaufible difguifes your erroneous doftnnes ; not 

 that you may judge of them and forfake them, if there be 

 reafon for it. You confult the originals, but you regard 

 them not, when they make againlf your dottrine or tranf- 

 In all thcfe places, but does not, as Mr. Tooke 



G R A M M A R. 



but to fulfil I On the con]\m8.\on althou^^h, or though, we quote t!ie fol- 



\vc 

 com 



An 



rated. 



lowing reiKark from the learned Dr. Jamieion, in his Etym. 

 Diftionary. " Mr. Tooke derives though from the Anglo- 

 Saxon thafian, or thafigan, to allow. But there is not the 

 fame evidence here, at with relpeiil to fome other conjunc- 

 tions illuftrated by this acute and ingenious writer. It 

 certainly is no inconfidcrahlc objeftion to this hypothefis, 

 that it is not fiipported by analogy in the other northern 

 languages. In Anglo-Saxon, thtiih fignifies though, Ale- 

 mannic thnch, Icelandic tho. I (hall not argue from Moes 

 G. than, in ihaujaba, which Junius views as fynonyinous with 

 though ; becaufe this feems doubtful. In old Englifli thaS 

 wa-i written about 1264, fee Percy's Reliques, ii. 210. which 

 nearly approaches to the Anglo-Saxon theah Inftead o{ thoch 

 in our oldefi MSS. we generally find thrcht, althocht. Th'e 

 might feem allied tothc Icelandic //6nc«,qnanivis, which, accord, 

 ing to G. Andr. is per fyncop. for tho. at, from tho, licet, 

 ptti ; Lex. p. 266. But it is more probable, that our term is 

 merely Anglo-Saxon thohte. Moes G. thnhta, cogitabat, 

 or the participle pall of the verb from which Englilh think 

 is derived ; as in latter umcs proviJftI, except, &c. have been 

 formed. Refolve althocht, and it literally lignifies " all be- 

 ing thought of," or taken into account ; which is the very 

 idea given by the conjtindion. The Synon, in German ex- 

 hibits lome analogy ; <Aic/)/f, being the imperfeft and participle 

 pait of dtnhen doch, although, may have been formed from 

 the fame verb." Though this etymology be pl.iulible, we 

 do not agree with it, merely bccauic a more jud and fimple 

 one may bt pointed out. Although uihovgh con;bined witli 

 all, as in the verbs albeit, alone, (tor all one,) alone, at one. 

 And though means net th-^rght, but coneejf;on or alloiuancey 

 and is derived from the Greek obfolete .5ik. , to give, to grant ; 

 and as this verb is '5»', or ^ixj> (which gave birth to the 

 firil aorill sJij-.y,) fo this derived conjuniSion is tho or though.. 

 Its refolution m.ay thus be illuftrated : " Though the book 

 be long and tedious, I will read it with attention : be it 

 granted, that the book be long and tedious, I will read it 

 with attention." It is obfervable, that in its fimple form 

 the word is hardly capable of being explained on Dr, Ja- 

 miefon's principle. " Be it thought that the book is long and 

 tedious, I will read it with attention;" wliereas, on our 

 hypothefis, the compound form is eafily fufceptible of illuf^ 

 tration. Be it all granted, that the book, cr grant that tlie 

 book be all long and tedious, &c. It is obfervable that tha 

 word has Ipread as is fecn above, from the fame root into 

 all the kindred northern tongues. So has indeed to think, 

 but this conies from foiy)!, to exprefs, which in its derived 

 form was naturally employed to denote the operation of the 

 mind in iupplying the materials of difcourfe, ;'. c. in think- 

 ing. The noun ^Gi-.^o; is alfo the parent of our word 

 /^'n^, which fignifies any objeft th.at is the fubjcCl of thoufjht. 



i&rts dir^ea'' fomething "to' br'ar/fl't-^ or fuppUed, but de- We" only add^hat the Anglo-Saxon thafan is certainly of 



' "on or removal of fomething .liat ought not the fame origin with though, the guttural gh being corrupted 



d. You pray not that God would into the labial / in the orthogr.aphy, as well as in the 



notes a feparation 



to be feparated or remove . . 



bring you to the true religion ; you pray, motive bamg 



apart, that he (hould confirm you in your own. You con- 



is leparated when they make ag; - . , , , , 

 lation. Thus, whatever fcnfes may be alcribed to but, ttiey 

 are all refolvable into one original fignification. Nor have 

 %ve need with this celebrated grammarian to trace it into two 

 diftinft verbs, a thing in itfelf very improbable and contrary 

 to all analogy, nor would he have adopted fo unlikely 

 an hypothelis, if it were not uecedary for fupporting his 

 fvftem.^ 



pronunciation. 



Skinner's account of and'iiMs. " Nefcio an a Lat. addcre. 

 q. d. add interjefta per epenthefin », ut in render a red- 

 dendo ;" whii h we think a more proper etvmology than 

 that of Mr. Tooke, who derived it from annar.-ad ecngeritm 

 dare, a combination and a fenfe of his own invention. But 

 this word exills in Anglo-Saxon and Gothic, not only as a 

 conjunclion but as a prepofitinn combined with words. In 

 thele characters it figiiilies c-.nnedion, union, reciprocation, or 

 oppojuion ; and thefe fignilications dcmonftrably fliew that 

 its origin is the Greek avn, fo fimilar to it in found, and 

 precifcly the fame with it in fenfe. When one perfon or 

 thing meets another to unite or co-operate, a>7i, exprefliiig 



this 



