G R A 



refpeftively ; and ,-Vitli, -r'n^'ii and^-^^-jcItli, by tlie prefixes 

 (if!!, r.'iiti, and niilH. Thus, lieftogramme lignillcs lOO 

 grummes, and centigramnid iigriifies tlie loodth part of a 

 gTaniin?. 



C;RAMMEL0UC, in Katm-^! HUhry, the name of 

 jn F.all Indian iTirub, very common in the woods and foreds. 

 It grows to iiv or (ix feet higli : its leaves are very long 

 and narrow, and terminate in a point ; they are of a lively 

 green ; the fruit is carried in a bag of a triangular fliape, 

 of the lize of a hazel-nut, but fomething longer ; on open- 

 ing this there appear throe cells, in each of which is con- 

 tained one fruit, refembling the feed of tlie palma Chrilli, 

 but covered with a tranlparent pellicle, and a black one 

 under that : the infide of the fruit is white, and is of a fliarp 

 and pungent tafte. It is a very violent medicine, operating 

 both by itoo! and vomit, and th.at often, fo as to endanger 

 the life of the pcrfon who has taken it. They allay its 

 operation by eating betel. Mem. Acad. Par. 1609. 



GRAMMICA, in BoUmy, from y^xjj.jxty.o-, linear, allud- 

 ing to its (lender thread-like form, Lourcir. Cochinch. 170, 

 appears evidently by his defeription to be a fpecies of 

 Cvjcufo; or Dodder. See Cu.scuta chmenjis, n. 6, which is 

 probably the very pl:int. 



GRAMMITIS, from •jj^/^^a, a line. Swartz. Fil. 21. 

 Clafs and order, Crvplogamla Fi!'::a ; feCl. Amiulalte. Nat. 

 Ord. FUlces. 



•Eff. Ch. CLi!>,'\i'.es in ftraidit fcattered lines. Cover 

 none. 



This genus differs from Po'f/>oi!iu:n, in having its capfules 

 difpoled in ftraight continued lines, inllead of round dots. 

 The ir.volucrum is wanting in both. Dr. Swartz defines 

 twelve certain fpecies. Of thefe fucli as have a fimple un- 

 divided frond, like G. lanccoliita, Swartz. t. i. f. 4, form 

 the moft natural aflembhige. The genus has, however, the 

 advantage of admitting fome ferns, which preceding writers 

 did not well know how to difpofe ofv as G. Ccterach, (Af- 

 plenium Ceterach ; I.,inn. Sp. PI. 1538. Scolopendrium 

 Ceterach ; Sin. Fl. Brit. 1 134. Engl. Bot. t. 1244.) '""^ 

 G. leptophylln, Swartz. t. 1. f 6, which Linnrsus and other 

 botanills had hefitated whether to reckon a Polypodhim or 

 an Afpler.uim. 



Dr. Swartz mentions two doubtful fpecies ; the Polypo- 

 dhim gram'incum of Lamarck, perhaps his own Grdmmitis 

 Uneeiru ; and the ylfpletuum fuhftjjik, of Cavanilles lectures, 

 n. 627, a native of the Philippine idands. 



GRAMMONT, in Geography, a town of France, in the 

 department of the Scheldt, and chief place of a canton, in 

 the diftritt of Audcnarde, built at the foot of a mountain 

 by tlie Goths, and thence called " Gotteghcm." When 

 Baldwin de Mons, count of Flanders and Hainaut, pur- 

 ch-il'ed the Icrdfliip of one Gerard, in ic63, he built a tov.-n, 

 calling it after the name of the former lord, Gerardmont ; 

 and hence, by corruption, Grammont. It is partly fituated 

 on a hill ; and the river Dender, which runs through it, 

 divides it into the Higher and Lower Town ; 20 miles W. 

 of Bruflels. The place contains 5948, and the canton 

 16,000 inhabitants, on a territory of 92? kiliometres, in 

 17 communes. 



■ GRAMMUM, a town of Hindooftan, in Myfore ; 44 

 miles N. of Serin,!:;apatam. 



GRAMPIAN HiLL.s, a range of moimtains, extending 

 from E. to W. througli ahnoll the whole breadth of tlie 

 kingdom, from Lech Lomond to Stonehaven, and deriving 

 their name from one of them, the " Mons Grampius" ot 

 Tacitu?, where' Galgacus waited the approach of Agrlcola, 

 and where was fought the battle fo fatal to the brave Cale- 

 donians; Tills chain of hills forms the fouthern boundary 



G R A 



of the Highlands; though four or five counties on the N E. 

 of that chain have, in their caflem and northern parts, the 

 name of Lowlands. The tranfition to the Grampians is 

 gradual ; the fird chain, according to general Rov, con- 

 fiding of the Sadlcy-iulls on the E., the OchiUs' in the 

 middle, and Campfy-hilb on the W. To the Grampian 

 chain belong Pjen Lomond, 3262 feet high; Ben Ledy, 

 3009 ; Ben More, 3903 ; B^ii L.uvres, the chief foirmi't, 

 4015; Schehallien, 3564; Ben Verlich, 3300; and other 

 lefs confiderable elevations on the cad. 



GRAM POUND, a fmall borough and market town, 

 in the hundred of Powder, and county of Cornwall, Eng. 

 land, is fituated on the banks of the river Fal or pale, in 

 the paridies of Creed and St. Probus, the eadcrn part of the 

 bcn-ongh being in the former parifli, and the wedern in the 

 latter. Grampound is fuppofed, by Borlafe, to dand on 

 the fcite of the Voliba of Ptolemy. E.xtcnfive privileges 

 were conferred on this town by king Edward I., parti- 

 cularly a freedom from toll throughout Cornwall : and the 

 remains of a Cacdefnla, or Felon Wood, granted with all 

 the lands in it by this monarch, arc dill extant. The right 

 of holdiog a market was a grant from John of Eltham, 

 carl of Cornwall, and brother to Edward III., who, after 

 the death of earl John, coniirmed the fird charter, and made 

 the town a borough : but no reprefentatives were returned 

 to parliament till the reign of Edward VI. Two members 

 are now eleiSled by the magidrates and inhabitants payino- 

 feot and lot ; but the whole number of voters is only 25. 

 The corporation confids of a mayor, eight macriftrates, a 

 recorder, and a town-clerk. The church is about half a 

 mile from the town, in the parilh of Creed ; but a fmalJ 

 chapel of eafe dands near the centre of the borough. 

 Grampound is 263 miles S.W. from London ; has three 

 annual fairs, and a weekly market on Saturdays. In tic 

 return under the late aft, the inhabitants amounted to 525, 

 the houfes to 80. PoKvhele's Hidoiy, &c. of CornwaU. 

 Beauties of England and Wales, vol. ii. 



GRAMPUS, in Ichlhyahgy, the Delphi.vus orca of 

 Linnajus ; which fee. 



GRAMZOW, in Geography, a town of Brandenburg, 

 in the Ucker Mark ; 8 miles S.E. of Prenzlow. 



GRAN, or EszTERC-.ON-, or Slrigon'm, a town of Hungary-, 

 fituated near the conflux of the rivers Gran and Danube ; 

 the fee of an arehbilhop ; 55 miles S.E. of Prefturg. N. 

 lat. 47^44'. E. long. iS . 



Guam, a fmall iiland on the W. fide of the gulf of 

 Bothnia. N. lat. 62 l'. E. long. 17" 22'. 



GRANA, a fea-port of Spain, in Galicia; 2 miles W. 

 of Ferrol. N. lat. 43 29'. W. long. S 15'. 



Graxa Figlia, in the Materia Aledicj, tlic fruit of a 

 fpecies of licinus. 



Gn.'VNA Paradifi, or Greater Cardamoms, are the feeds of 

 the amomum of Linn-.ieus. 



Guana Rrgia, tlie feeds of the common ricinus, called 

 by fome palma Chridi. 



GRANAD.A, or Guekada, fometimes cillcd Upper 

 Andiihifia, in Geography, a kingdom or province of Spain, 

 occupying half of the eadcrn extremity, and all the fouth- 

 ern part of Andalufia as far as the draits of Gibraltar, 

 has the form of a pyramid with its bafe to the ead. on tl^e 

 kingdom of Murcia, and its apex to the fouth-wcd towards 

 the Straits. Its length is 58 leagues from the E. to the 

 S.E : the breadth at its apex feven from the S W. to the 

 N.E., and at its bafe 28 from S. to N.. To the E. and 

 N E., it is bounded by the kingdom of Murcia ; to the S. 

 and S.E. by the Mediterranean ; to the W., by the king- 

 dom of Seville ; to tl»e W. and N, W. By thai of Cordova ; 



and 



