GRAN .\ 1) A. 



water not only for donv;ilic purpofcs, but for modcnitinjr 

 1iy its cooliitfs the heat of a climate extremely warm in 

 lummer. 



Granada is an arclibir.iopric, worth 25,000/. a year, con- 

 taining a catlicdral chapter, fix collegiate chapters, and 

 194. parifh ch'.nxhes. This city is the feat of a royal chan- 

 cery, divided into fix chambers, and compofed of a prefi- 

 d:nt, twenty-five counfellors, two folicitors, andonealgna- 

 a\ mayor. The intendant of the province refides here ; 



Moors as a bazar, and ftill appropriated to the purpofc of rice and cotton, all ii)trf>duccd by t'rni ; in tlirir prcjliar 

 a market-place, and containing about 200 (liops ; and the breed of horfes ; and in the mannfadiires of fdk, of paper, 

 palace of the chancery. To tliefe two buildings we may and of gnn-])Owder, firll brought into Europe by them' 

 add an ancient mofque, now a parifli-churcli, the cathe- The mannfaftnres of Granada, however, continued to b- 

 dral, two hofpitals, and the two palaces of the Alhambra. fomewhat flonrifliing ?.bot!t the middle of the fixtecnth CMu 

 The cathedral is not large, but has ahandfome dome, rciling tury. Some regulations, favourable to them, were adopted 

 on twelve arches, fupportcd by as many large pilaflers ; the and eftabhn.cd in 1 552. At that time great attention waj 

 v.iult is full of paintings and richly gilt, and two rows of paid to ttic production of filk in Andalufia, and the trade in 

 gilded balconies run round it over the arcades. Statues of it was profpcrous. But, in proccfs of time, as the confc- 

 the twelve apoftles in bronze, gilt, and as large as hfe, are qiience of the expuifion of the Moors, the privileges and im. 

 placed againll the twelve colunms. The vault of the church m>-.nities granted to the hidalgos or knights, bearing in the 

 of the Chartreux is covered with fine paintings in frefco, by kingdom of Gnmada the proportion of 19-9 to 652,990, the 

 Antonio Palomino. In many of the houfes are found re- wliole mmibcr of inhabitants, and various' opprcffive rellric- 

 niains of baths, confiruftcd by the Moors ; and moii of tions and bursh'^ns, agriculture languilhcd, filk was neg- 

 the houfes are emlellifiied with fountains, which fupply IcAed, tiie manufactures decayed, and in the feventeenth cen- 

 tury few or no.-.e remained. Some attempts have been bte- 

 ly made to revi-e tJiem ; fome new ones have been eftablifli- 

 ed,^n whicii ribbons and lilk iluffs are made; but they liave 

 not been very profpcrous. Here is a manufacture of gun- 

 powder on the king's account. In the production of nitre, 

 at tlie falt-works near this town, about 100 men are employ- 

 ed in funimer, and 26 in winter ; and from thcfe govern- 

 ment obtains 3000 quintals annually. In the vicinity o( 

 Granada are fome confiderable plantations of the fugar- 

 r.nd the town has a criminal judge, two alcades mayors for cane. 

 -he adminiltration of juitice, a municipality compofed of a The environs of Granada are delightful ; the public walks, 

 certain number of regidors, a war auditor, and a tribunal of which the moil fiequented are thofe on the banks of the 

 jf the inquifition. The Alhambra has a jurifdiclion pecu- Xenil with cooling ni:ide and refrefliing fountains, and an- 

 !iar to itfelf. The city is divided into twenty-three parifhes, otlier, more wild and romantic, by the fide of the Darro, are 

 with forty convents, three beatarios, feventeen hermitas or plcafant ; and the country all round the city anpears to be 

 chapels, nine hofpitals, and eiglit colleges. Granada has an well cultivated. The market gardens appear like a wildcr- 

 uaiverfity, founded A. D. 1 531 ; and an academy for paint- nefs of fruit trees, and yet are covered with the moil luxuriant 

 iiig, fculpture, and architetlure, conducted at tlie king's crops of all kinds of vegetables. Every cottage has a little 

 cxpcnce, and free for all. The extcKt of Granada is nearly court, or bower, formed by a lattice frame, and wholly (haded 

 tlie fame as it was under the Moors; but its population ij by the vine; under which, in thcevening, the peafanta'ifemble* 

 very much dimiiiidied. In 1614, at the period of the total his family to take refrolhment ; whilil the nightingale from 

 expulfion of tiie Moors from Spain, a very confiderable every tree is uttering his plaintive note. Thefe gardens are all 

 number of the families of that people left it. The town, plentifully watered. Granada abounds in marble?, remark^ 

 which had counted 400,000 individuals within its walls, and able for their variety, and finenefs of grain and beauty ; 

 \rliich had armed 100,000 warriors in its defence, is now re- and it has alio a variety of alaballers, jafpers, and other pre- 

 Juced, according to the government returns Hated by Mr. 

 Townfend, (Travels in Spain, vol. iii) to 52,325 fouls; 

 althougli, upon good authority, he fays, they may be rec- 

 koned 8o,coo. Under the Moors, Granada carried on a 

 great trade, a;id was famous for its own productions ; it 

 niaJHifaflured cloths, various kinds of woollen lln.ffs, and a 

 f;reat quantity of filks. Indeed, it is not poilible to think 

 of manufartures in Granada, witliout calling to mind the 

 cxpulfion of the Moors, and paufing to examine the pohcy 

 )f that ttronsr meafure. They were nnmcrour., and, in 



cious Hones. Its mnieral waters are alfo various and 

 abundant. 



GR.\NAn.\, a fmall town in the province of Nicaragua, 

 foatedat the S.E. extremity of the lake of Nicaragua. It 

 lias confiderable commerce in indigo, cochineal, hides, and 

 fugar. In the year 1680, this town, and alfo Leon, the ca- 

 pital of the prorince, were pillaged by the buccaneers of 

 America. N. lat. ii" 15'. W. long. 86' 15'. 



GiiAN-AD.A, A'c-Tf, a viceroyalty of the dominions of 

 Spain, in S<nith America, extending from tlie river Tum- 

 confequence of their indudry, accompanied with frugality, bez. to the Caribbean fea ; that is, from S. lat. 3- 30', td 

 t'ley had acquired opulence and power. It is faid, (fee N. lat. I2\ or about 930 geographical miles; its medial 

 Townfend, ubi i'upra,) that of 100,000, condemned by the breadth may be ftatcd at 4" or 240 geograpliical miles. Thil 

 1 iqaifition for ai)ollatizing from the Chrillian faith, 4000 grand and opiJent viceroyalty, though it dates its origin 

 had been burnt without any goodeffecl. Philip III., in the from the year 1718, was, after a long fuppreffion, only efta- 

 \ear 1609, baniflied to Africa 140,000 out of the kingdom blifhed finally in 1740. It is fometimes called from its capi. 

 >( Valencia ; and in the three years following, 6oG,000 from tal Santa Fe, and comprifes the following provinces : r.' 



Seville, Murcia, and Granada. If to thefe we add the mul 

 titndes that peri(hed by famine, and by the fword, we fhall 

 be inclined to Hate the lofs to Spain at one million of its moil 

 aclive fnbjefts. This lofs, added to what the country had 

 f illained by the previous expulfioii of 800,000 Jews, with 

 all their wealth, in the reign of Ferdinand and Ifabella, was, 

 under fuch a government as that of Spain, irreparable. The 



.Taen de Bracamoros, Loja, Cuen^a, Macas, Riobamba, 

 Guayaquil, Quito, Tacamcs, Paftos, Barbacoas, Popayan, 

 Rapufo, Novita, Antioquia, Santa Fe, San Juan de lo» 

 Llanos, Merida, Santa Marta, Carthagcna, Zinu, Choco, 

 and the Tierra Firmc, including the tliree dillrids of Da- 

 rien, Panama or Tierra Firme proper, and Veragua. The 

 am.ple provinces w'lich form this viceroyalty wei-e molllv dif. 



Moors are acknowledged by the bcil Spauidi writers to covered and annexed to the dominions of Spain about tha 



have excelled in agriculture, particularly in watering tlieir year 1536, by Sebr.llian de BemJcazar, and Gonzalo Xi- 



l.mds, in the cultivation of mulberry trees, the fugar-caue, aaesos de Ql5efad;^ two of the bravell officer* enip!oye4 



\i)U XVI, 4 H ii 



