G R A 



Wc h?.vc liad in England two troops of liorfe granadier 

 g!iards ; the firft railed in the year 1693, and ths fecond 

 ill 1701. 



GRANADILLA, in Bolany, the diminutive of the 

 Spani(h name of the Pomgianate, Granatin, iifc-d in the 

 AVell Indies, and retained by Tournefurt and Adanfon, fur 

 the Paffiflora of Liiuiaeus. This appellation is particularly 

 aj)phcd to the fniit of Pajfiflora quadrangiilnns, much 

 clleemed by Weft Indians, and fometimes ripened in 

 England. 



GRAN.VDO, Granada, or Grenndc, in the Military 

 All, a hollow ball or fliell, of iron, brafs, or even jrlafs, or 

 j)otter's earth, filled with gun-powder, and fitted with a 

 fuzee to give it fire. 



The name granado takes its rife hence, that it is filled 

 with grains of powder, as a pomegranate is with kernels. 



Of thefe there are two kinds ; the one large, the other 

 fmall : the hrft are to be thrown at the enemy bv a mortar, 

 properly called bombs, or Jhells. The latter to be caft with 

 the hand, and thence denominated hand-graiiados. 



The beft «ay, Cafimir obferves, to fecure a man's felf 

 from the cdetl of a granado, is, to lie flat down on the 

 ground, before it burll. 



The common, or hand granado, is a little, hollow ball 

 of iron, tin, wood, pafteboard, or other matter, filled with 

 ftrong powder, lighted with a fiizee, and thus thrown by 

 hand into places where men ftand thick ; and particularly 

 into trenches and lodgments. Thefe are now funk into 

 difufe. 



Their compofition is the fame vith that of bombs ; which 

 fee. For fize, they are ufually between two and three 

 inches in diameter, aborit the bignefs of a common iron 

 bullet, and weigli about three poimds ; as to dimenfions, 

 they are commonly in thicknefs one-eighth, one-ninth, or 

 one-tenth of their diameter ; their aperture, or oriiice, about 

 ■^•~ wide, as prefcribed by Calimir. 



Thuanus obferves, that the firft time granados were ufed, 

 was at the fiege of Wachtendonch, a town near Gueldres ; 

 and that the inventor was an inhabitant of Venlo ; who, in 

 making an experiment of the effect thereof, occafioncd two- 

 thirds of that city to be burnt ; the fire being kindled by 

 the fall of a granado. 



Bombs were known long before the invention of granados. 

 The ancients had a fort of oUae, or fire-pot«, fomewhat of 

 the fame nature with our granados, but they were much 

 lefs perfect. 



Cafimir mentions a fort of blind granados, without any 

 aperture, or fu7.ce, as not needing to be lighted ; but being 

 thrown v.ith a mortar, they take fire of thcmfelvcs whi never 

 they fall on any hard folid obicdl. 



GRANARD, in Geogmphy, a neat, new built market 

 and poft town of Ireland, in the county of Longford. Ad- 

 joining is a remarkable hill or mount called the J\Iodt of 

 Grannrd, ihoi'.ght to be artificial, and the fcite of a Danifh 

 fort, which commands from its fummit a moft extenfive 

 profped into fix or feven adjoining counties. It is 52 miles 

 from Dublin, and 12 from Longford. 



GRANARY, in Agriculture, a building contrived for 

 laying up and ftoring corn, in order to preferve it for a 

 length of time. They have, near Grand Cairo, magazines 

 or granaries, called " Jofeph's granaries," defended with 

 wooden walls, in which vaft quantities of grain are annually 

 preferved; and many parts of Africa abound with granaries 

 of this kind. They are frequently deep pits made in the 

 folid rock ; the defcent into them being juft large enough 

 for a man to go down ; but they grow larger as foon as the 

 perfon is in, and are ufuaily fquare, from thirty to forty 



G R A 



feet in diameter. In thefe the great men of the country- 

 preferve their corn; tliey firft cover over the floor u-itfi 

 ftraw, then they Ly on the corn, ftill, as the heap rifes, 

 placing a thin bed of ftraw between the corn and the fides, 

 as tlicy did at the bottom. In thii manner they proceed 

 till the whole cavity is filled: when this is done thtv cot-t 

 the mouth or entrance with a fort of hurdle of grrcu bou''iu 

 of trees, interwoven one with another. This tliey cover 

 with about two feet thicknefs of fand, and over this raife a 

 ridge of earth, well beaten together, in order to throw off 

 the rain both ways, that none may fettle on the place and 

 foak into the magazine. The corn thus ftored up keeps 

 three, four, or more years very good; and, not uufre- 

 quently, the proprietor being taken off by the feverity of 

 the eaftcrn gOTernmcnts, under which they live, the maga. 

 zinc is forgotten, and fome accident difcovcririg it many 

 years afters', ards, the corn is almoft always found 

 perfectly good in it. All the care they take, in regard to 

 the grain, is to expofe it two or three days to the fun's heat, 

 to dry it thoroughly, before they carry it into the maga- 

 zine. 



It may be ftatcd further, that in the duchy of Lithuania, 

 and in the Ukraine, the people alfo preferve tlieir corn in 

 the fame manner, in wells or pits made in dry places: but 

 in thefe countries great care is to be taken in the 0",cninT of 

 thefe ftore-rooms; for, if people defcend into them before 

 they have had fuflicient comnumication with the frclh air, 

 they are often killed by the damps; this, however, is eafily 

 guarded agaiiift. By thefe, and numerous other inftanccs 

 of the practice of other countries, it appears evident that 

 fubterranean granaries may occailonally be highly ufeful 

 for the purpofe of preferving grain in particular fituations 

 and circumftances. 



But the common granaries may, with proper care, be 

 rendered much more ufeful than they are at prefent. The 

 grand caution neceftiuy to this purpofe is, to guard a<'ainll 

 the too great humidity, which is often the cafe in places 

 where there is a great number of doors and windows. A 

 too free accefs of the external air is alfo to be guarded 

 againrt ; as this has not only a tendency to produce the 

 above effect, but is liable to bring in with it the ova or 

 eggs of a number of different infects, which prey upon and 

 dellroy the corn. A third caution is, when the corn \% 

 the produce of the country where it is preserved, not tf> 

 lill the place with the crop of one pkce only, but to mix 

 the harvefts ot two as diflerent provinces as may be, the one 

 dry, the other moill, orotherwife differing as much as may 

 be; thus the contrary qualities of the one mav prevent the 

 deftruftion of the other. Thefe are the principal rules to 

 prevent the corrupting of corn: but when tlie mifchief is 

 once begun, it will be very difficult to ftop it ; all the care 

 that can be employ cd fttould, of courfe, be taken in regard 

 to thefe as fpeedily as poffible. 



It may be obferved, that the chief points to be attended 

 to in the ereiting of granaries, are to make them fufficicntly 

 ftrong, and to give them fuch a fituation as mav cxpole 

 them to the moft drying winds. But in conftruc\iu<T a 

 granary merely for the accommodation of a farm, it is 

 unncceffary, Mr. Balefon obferves, in the fecond volume 

 of Communications to the Board of Agriculture, to attend 

 to all thofe circumftances refpoding ftrength, fituation, &c. 

 A-hich ought to be obferved in building an extenfive gra- 

 nary, where large quantities of graia are fometimes de- 

 polited. A farmer feldoin wifties to have a great deal of 

 Ills ihralhed corn on his hands at once; neverthelefs there 

 ought, on every farm, to be a place of fecurity, capable 

 of containing, at leall, one-third or one-lulf the grain pro- 



4 H 2 a':.-d 



