GRANARY. 



Ijottom. But there mufl be a ftep at about eight or ten 

 mchcs diftance from the wall, to prevent the doors falling 

 back farther, that there may be room for a valve in the 

 fcreen to fupplv it with air: wh ch air v.ill be driven in by 

 the door, through a hole made in the wall near the floor, 

 into the main air-trunk, in which there muil be another 

 Talve over the hole in the wall, to prevent the return of the 

 air from within. 



Bjt with the view of ficilitating the labour of frequently 

 ftirr!ng and veritilating the grain, and of leffening the ex- 

 pence of fuch buildings, a member of the Society for the 

 Encotiragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, in a 

 letter to Dr Templeman, recommends a new-invented gra- 

 nary, of which the following defcription is given. It con- 

 fills, he fays, of feven ftories of floors, and may be built of 

 any dimenfions, provided proper proportions are adhered to. 

 The form of it is fquare, fuppofe fourteen feet fquare 

 within the roon-.s or ceils. The diftance from the floor of 

 one cell, to the floor of that above, is five feet ; and the 

 whob building ftiould Hand on ftrong pofts, more or lels in 

 number, according to tlie dimenfions, at the diftance of fix 

 feet from the ground. The fmall flairs, or rather ladder, 

 to go to the feveral cells, muft be fixed on the outlide of the 

 build'ng fideways, with a leading rail, or rope, to prevent 

 fallinj^ The whole granary to be built of what is generally 

 called brick noggin ; that is, it is firft framed in ftrong tim- 

 ber work, and the interftices filled up with brick. The 

 floors, beams, and joifts, are to be made ftrong to bear the 

 weight of the corn ; and the iniide of the cells well lined 

 v\ith dry oak-board, clofe jointed, and the outfide weaiher- 

 boarded, the boards being ftrongly nailed to the timber- 

 work of the fram.e, and afterwards payed over with pitcli. 

 The floors of the cells are to be fo contrived, as to ilielve 

 tovvards the middle, in which part is to be an aperture ii.'C 

 inches fquare, to be opened or clufed by means of a Aiding 

 fliutter, which muft liave a long handle, reaching in a groove, 

 without the granary. On three fides of the rooms there 

 fliould be windows ftrongly latticed, covered with wire, to 

 keep oat large infects a:id birds, and with ftrong fliutters, 

 to defend the corn from the weather. On the fourth fide is 

 a door to each room, to open from without. The v.indows 

 are to be fmjll, and as dole as pofiible to the cieling. Over 

 the upper room or cell is a loft, on the outCde of the door 

 of which is fi.^;ed a crane, to be worked within by a winch 

 and fliers. The ufe of the windows in the fides of the rooms, 

 is to give the corn all the benefit it can receive from the wind 

 and frefh air. The door, when the cell is empty, admits 

 the workman to fweep, duft, and clean it. The method of 

 managing corn in this fort of granary is as follows : when 

 the wheal is properly cleaned, it is Iwifted in facks to the 

 loft above, and emptied througii a hole for that purpofe in 

 the floor. The apertures in the floors of the cells being 

 all open (except the two undermoft, which are clofed by the 

 Aiding fliutters), the grain falls tlirough till it reaches the 

 undermoft cell but one : when this is filled to the height of 

 about tv.o feet, which mav be fcen through the wndows, 

 the api-rture in the floor of the next cell above is Aiuc by 

 its flider. This being filled in the fame manner, the next 

 above it is alfo fliut, and fo on till tlie whole are filled, if rc- 

 <jnired, except the undermoft, which is left empty. In this 

 condition the corn is left for a week or more, if it was got 

 in very dry. When it is to be ilirred, the floor of the un- 

 dermoft cell is to be fwept very clean, the door is again fhut, 

 and the flider in the floor above drawn back, which allows 

 the corn to fall through into that cell. When the cell above 

 is empty, tiie flider is again flint, the floor iwept very clean, 

 and the Hiderin the ne^t floor over that is opened. In this 



manner they are all managed, till at laft the uppermoft cell 

 remains empty ; and tlie v, indows having all been open while 

 the corn was falling from one cell to anotlicr, render great 

 benefit thereto, by admitting a current of air to pafs through. 

 Under the aperture in the floor of the lower cell, a proper 

 fcreen is fixed ; at the end of this fcrcen is fixed a conductor 

 or fpout, to which a fack is hung, its bottom rjfting on a 

 miller's hand-barrow ; the Aider is then drawn, and tl^ corn 

 let fall on tlie fcrcen, from which it runs into the fack : when 

 the fack is full, the Aider is for a moment fliut, till another 

 fack, on anotlier barroiv, is put under the conductor ; the 

 workman then wheeLs the iirfl fack to the outfide of the gra- 

 nary, and, faftening the crane rope to it, it is drawn up by 

 another workman in the loft. The fame method is purfued 

 till the lower cell is emptied. If it is necefiary to fcreen all 

 the corn at this time, a fmall fcreen is fixed under the aper- 

 ture of the next cell to be emptied, fo contrived, as to have 

 a box at the back of it for receiving all the duft, feeds of 

 weeds, &c. that pafs between the wires ; and this fcreen is 

 fucceflively fixed under every aperture as tlie cells are fuc- 

 ceflively emptied. After tlie fiift month, tlie com need be 

 ftirred in this manner only once a fortnight, and after the fird 

 fix months, only once a month, unlefs the weather fliould 

 prove in autumn very Jiot and damp. The advantages of 

 this granary, as defcribcd by the inventor, are, that it is 

 built at a fmall cxpence ; that it contains a great de.il of 

 grain in a fmall compafs ; and that the grain is eafily fliifted 

 and ventilated, without the tedious mode of turning it with 

 fliovels, or other fimilar means. 



However, the plan of a granary, taken from one built on 

 his own eftate, by a vei-)' refpe£lable and intelligent gentle- 

 man in Cliefliire, who has found it to anfwer extiemely weiJ, 

 it is conceived, by an able writer, will perhaps be prefer- 

 able to the above, not only from its cheapncfs, but from 

 its iimplicity, and the i-afy mode by which the whole body 

 of grain is ftirred, and the air conveyed and circulated through 

 every part of it, at whatever thicknefs or depth it is laid, and 

 one floor only is neceflary, liowever high the building may be. 

 There can be no doubt, but that n- granary of this nature 

 may be very ufcful and conver.ient in many cafes. 



This fort of granary is rtiewn in Plate Granary on ^gricullure, 

 ill which^^'. I . difplays the front elevation of the building ; 

 a is the door into the lower part ; b, the door into the loft 

 above, to afcend to which a ladder is neceflary ; c, a crane 

 ior hoifting facks up from below ; d, d, d, are air-holes for 

 ventilation. At_;^. 2. is fcen a feAion or view of the infide 

 of the building ; a, a, a, a, a, arc wooden fpout s, which reach 

 from the air-holes on one fide of the granary to thofe on the 

 other. Thele fpouts are formed ot inch deal, about fix 

 i'nches bi'oad. and made with an angle fimilar to tliofe fpouts 

 that are employed to convey off the rain water from the eaf- 

 ings of houfes. Tliey are placed acrofs the granary with 

 the angle upwards, as rcprcfented at Jl^. 3 ; b, b, b, are 

 the ends of fimilar fpouts, which crofs the others, and alfo 

 reach betwixt tlie air-holes on the otlier two fides of the 

 building, as fcen aljig. 4 ; c, <-,(■, are half fpouts, extending 

 in the fame manner to air-holes on each lide. It is neceflary 

 that the air-holes fl.iould decline outwards, in order to pre- 

 vent the entrance of rain or fnow in ftormv weatlier ; and 

 they Ihould likewife be fecured from infecls and vermin by 

 v.ire cloth ; d d, the floor of tlie granary, which is three 

 yards fquare, and divided eacli way into three hoppers, r, e, e, 

 of one Iquare yard each, making in the whole nine hoppers, 

 as leen at_/ff 5 ; y"is a large lioppcr, that encompulfcs all the 

 reft, and has a flider at g for opening occafionjlly, as may 

 be neceflfary in taking out the grain. And there is another 

 fmal'cr hopper /, which is fulpcndcd to this by four iron 



hafps. 



