G R A 



gular figures, rnoflly fliapcd like a 7 ; wliile otlier's are lefs 

 regular, and bear a diftant refemblaiice to rude alphabetical 

 writing. They are not confidered to be genuine granite by 

 fome mincralogiils. 



Graphic Gramie of Portfoy. — The feldfpar is of various 

 tints ot pale flelli-red ; the quartz dark, but tranfparent, 

 with now and then fome fmall particles of m'ca. This rock, 

 is minutely defcribed by Dr. Hutton. 



Graphic Granite of Siberia. — Its feldfpar is of a yellowifh- 

 white, or reddifn colour ; the quart/, exhibiting figures limi- 

 lar to thofe of the quartz in the preceding fort, is of the 

 variety called fmoaky topaze. Mica occurs in it in fmall 

 nerts, and black Ihorl in acicular cryftals. 



Graphic Gramie oj Auhin. — Of a pale rofe-colour ; qiiartz- 

 cryftals grey, very numerous. It is found in the neiglibour- 

 hood of -Autun, department of Saone-et-Loire, particniarlv 

 at Marmngne. This, in M. Brand's opinion, is the molt 

 beautiful of all graphic granites. Another variety of this 

 ftone is found at the fame place : its feldfpar is white ; the 

 quartz grey, in fmall cryftals ; it is fufceptible of very fine 

 polifli. 



Graphic Granite of Corfica. — Likewile of a rofc-coloiu- ; 

 but generally paler than that of Autun, from which it is alfo 

 diilinguifiuihle, by its quartz-crytlals being larger, and at 

 greater dillsnee trom each other. It contains fome thinly 

 diffeminated bronze-coloured mica. It takes a fine polifli. 



GRANIVOIiOUS, an epithet or denomination given to 

 fuch animals as feed upon corn, or any other grain or feeds. 



Granivorous animals are chiefly of the bird kind. Thefe 

 have a peculiar provifion for the digefting of fo dry and hard 

 a food. 



OR ANN A, in Geography, a town of Sweden, in the 

 province of Snialand ; 18 miles N.N.E. of Jonkioping. 



GRANO, in Biography, a performer on the trumpet and 

 German flute, and a compofer of tunes for thole inftruments, 

 which had their day of favour in the early part ot the lall 

 century. He was a kind of mungrel dilettante, who during 

 many years condefeended to make concerts and give lefions, 

 en profeflfeur, always infinuatiiig that it was merely for the 

 plcaiure of amufing the public and inltrufting individuals. 

 Grano's tnunpet march was long ufed by the Guards. 



GRANON, in Geography, a fmall il'land on tlie W. fide 

 of the gulf of Bothnia. N. lat. 61 ' 5'. E. long. 17 5'. 



GRANSEE, a town of the Middle Mark of Branden- 

 burg ; 30 miles N.N.W. of Berlin. N. lat. 52 59'. E. long. 



'3' 13'- 



GRANSO, an ifland in the Baltic, near the E. coaft of 



Sweden. N lit. 57 ' 46'. E long. 16 5'. 



GRANSON, a town of Switzerland, in a bailliage of 

 the fame name, belonging to Bern and Eriburg, iituated 

 between the lake of Neufehatel and mount ,Iura, and re- 

 markable for the battle in which Charles the Bold, duke of 

 Burgundy, was defeated by the Svvifs in 1476; 16 miles 

 .S.W. of Neufehatel. N. lat. 46" 50'. E. long. 6 26'. 



GRANT, CoNCE.v.sio, in La-eu, the regular method by 

 ■Jie common law of transferring the property of incorporeal 

 .Siereditaments, or fuch things of which uo livery can be had. 

 fCo. Litt. 9.) For which reafon all corporeal heredita- 

 ments, as lands and houfes, are faid to lie in livery ; and 

 the others, as advowfons, commons, rents, reverfioiis, d:c. 

 ♦o lie /Hjn/«/. (Ibid. 172.) The reafon is thus given by 

 Bracton (1. ii. c. 18.): " tradilio, or hvery, nihil aliud ejl 

 quam rei corpora/is de perfona in perfonam, cU manu in manum, 

 tranflalio out in pojfejionem incliiflio ; fed res incorporates, qux 

 juni ipfum fds rei "vel carport inhttrens, traditionem non paliuntur.' 

 Thefe, therefore, pafs merely by the delivery ot the deed. 

 And in figniorics, or revcrfions of lands, fuch grant, to- 



G R A 



getlier with the attornment of the tenant, (while attorn- 

 ments were rcquifite,) were held to be of equal notoriety 

 with, and therefore equivalent to, a feoffment and livery of 

 lands in immediate poffeffion. It therefore differs but little 

 from a feoffment, except in its fubjcft-mattcr ; for the ope- 

 rative words therein commonly ufed are " dedi ct concejft," 

 "have given and granted." Fwr the diff.-rence bctH-ecn 

 gifts and grants, fee the article Gut. The king's grar.is 

 arc matter of public record. (See Rwoiid.) No freehold 

 can be given to the king, norderiied from him, but by matter 

 of record. To this end a variety of ofTices are erefted, com- 

 municating i;i a regular fiibor'dination om- with another, 

 through wliic'h all the king's grants mufl Jjafs, and be tranf- 

 cnbed, and enrolled ; that the fame may be narrowly in- . 

 fpec'ted by his oflicers, who will inform' him if any thing 

 contained therein is improper, or unlawful to be granted. 

 Thefe grants, whether of lands, honours, liberties, fraa- 

 chiles, or aught belides, are contained in charters, or letters 

 patent. (See Patk.nt.s.) The mannrr of granting by the 

 king does no more differ from that by a fuhjcdt, than the 

 conltrudtioii of his grants when made. i. A graiit madi- 

 by the king, "at the fuit of the grantee," (liall be taken 

 molt beneficially/;/- the king, and ogainjl the party ; wlicreas 

 the grant of a i'ubjea is conllriied molt ftrongly ngninj! the 

 grantor. It is iherefore ufual to infert in the king's grants,' 

 that they are made, not at the fuit of the grantee, but " ex 

 fpeciali gratia, certa fcicntia, et mero motu regis ;" and 

 then they liave a more liberal conftruclion. 2. A fiibjed's 

 grant (hall be coiutrued to include many things, befides what 

 are expreffed, if iiecelfary for the operation of the grant. 

 Tluis, in a private grant of the profits of land for one year, 

 free ingrefs, egrefs, and regrcfs, to cut and carry away thofe- 

 profits, are alfo inclufively granted. (Co. Litt.' 56.) And 

 it a teoflment of land was made by a lord to his villein, this 

 operated as a manumifiion (Litt. 5 206.) ; for he was other- 

 wife unable to hold it. But the king's grant lliall not crure 

 to any other intent, than that which is precifely expreffed iit 

 the grant. As, if he grants land to an alien, it operates 

 nothing, for fuch grant (hall not alfo enure to make him a 

 denizen, that he may be capable of taking bv grant. (Dro. 

 Abr. tit. patent. 62. Finch. L. 1 10.) 3. \Vhen it appears, 

 from the face of the grant, that the king is miflaken, or de- 

 ceived, either in matter of fact or matter of law-, as in cafe 

 of falle fuggeition, niifinformation, or mifrecital of former 

 grants f or if his own title to the thing granted be different 

 fnim what he fiijipofes ; or if the grant be informal ; or if 

 he grants an eftate contrary to the rules of law ; in any of. 

 thele cafes the grant is abfolutely void. (Freein 172. 

 Finch. loi, 102.) To prevent deceits of the kiitg, with 

 regard to the value of the ellate granted, it is parlicularlr 

 provided by the ilatute I Hen. IV. c. 6. that no grant of 

 his ihall be good, uukfs, in the grantee's petition fur them, 

 exprefs mention be made of the real value of the lands.. 

 Biacklt. Com. vol. ii. 



GRANTHAM, in Geography, a towiilliip of ITpper 

 Canada, in the county of Lincoln, fronting lake Ontario. 



Cilt.VNTll.\M, a market and borough town in the fokt;, 

 or wapentake, of tlie lame name, in Kelteven divifion of 

 the county ot Lincoln, England, is iituated on tiie tide of 

 the river AVitham, on the ancient Roman road called Lrmine 

 ilrect. The town comprifes four principal llreets. The 

 church is an elegant Hone ilructure, eoufilling of a nave 

 and two fpacious ailies, witii large handloiiie pointed windows, 

 and is celebrated tor its loftv fpire, which is 273 feet in 

 height. The llyle of urchitecturc appears to be that of the 

 thirteenth century ; though Mr. Cloiigh obfervcs that tli^ 

 church was endowed by . Hugh, bilhap of Lincoln, A.D. 

 4 K 2 1100. 



