G R A 



I loo. Beneath the church is a chancel-houfe, filled with 

 human fculls and other bones. Among feveral handfome 

 monuments in this edifice, are, one to fir Thomas Bury, 

 chief baron of tlie exchequer in the time of George I, 

 and one to fir Dudley Ryder, chief juftice of the King's 

 Bench, in the fucceeding reign. The font exhibits a fine 

 fpecimen of ancient fculpture. 



Grantham was incorporated under a charter granted by 

 Edward IV. in 1463 ; when it firll returned members to par- 

 liament ; the reprcfentatives are chofen by the freemen of the 

 boroun-h. The civil government is veiled in an alderman, a 

 recorder, 12 common burgefTes, a coroner, an efcheator, 

 and twelve fecond men, who are the common council. The 

 jurifdiclion of this corporation extends over the whole foke, 

 comprehending twelve villages, and the aldei-man a6ts as 

 flieriff of tlie° town and foke, the iheriff of the county 

 ^having no authority within the foke and dillrirt thereot. 

 The guildhall was rebuilt under au aft of parliament in 

 1787. A fi-ee-fchool was founded here by Richard Fox, 

 biihop of Wincheiler, and further endowed by king 

 Edward VI. ; this fchool attrafts attention, from the cir- 

 cumllance of its having been a place of education to that 

 luminary of fcience, fir Ifaac Newton. Near the fouth en- 

 trance into the town, on St. Peter's hill, formerly Hood an 

 elegant crofs, ereded by king Edward I., in -memory of 

 Eleanor his queen, who died in 1 290 ; this being one of the 

 places where the corpfe was laid in Hate in its way for inter- 

 ment in Wellminller Abbey. Grantham is diftant from 

 London 1 1 1 miles N., has a well fupplied market on Sa- 

 turdays, and five annual fairs. In the return under the 

 late population aft, the number of houfes 13631, occupied 

 by 3303 inhabitants. 



A canal has been lately cut from Grantham to the river 

 Trent, an extent of 25 miles. It is fupphed with water by 

 means of large refervoirs made for that purpofe. The chief 

 articles conveyed by this navigation are corn and coals. 

 Turner's Hiltory of the Soke of Grantham, &c. Beau- 

 ties of England and Wales, vol.ix. 



. Gr.vntham Canal, is the parliamentary name of an inland 

 navigation about 33 miles long, in the counties of Notting- 

 ham, Leicefter, and Lincoln, of which we gave an account 

 in our article Canal, and nothing material has occurred to 

 be added thereto. 



GRANTOWN, a town of Scotland, in the county of 

 Invernefs ; 17 miles S. of Fores. 



GRANVILLE, George, baron Landfdown, in Bio- 

 arnphy, a nobleman chiefly remembered as a poet, born in 

 1667, was fon of Barnard Greenvill, one of the diltinguifti- 

 ed family of Greenville or Granville, the latter mode of 

 fpelling the name being introduced by the inbjeft of this ar- 

 ticle, who is thereby feparated from the reft, of his houfe. 

 He fUewed very early talents, and was entered, in his 12th 

 year, at Trinity college, Cambridge. In the fame year, he 

 wrote a copy of verfes on the duchefscf York's vint to the 

 univerlitv, and on the accrfficn of James II. he offered in - 

 cenfe to the new prince in three (hort pieces, of wh.ich Dr. 

 Johufon fays, " the firfl is profane, and the two others 

 fuch as a boy might he expetied to produce." In 1688, 

 when an invafion was threatened, lie was defirous of devot- 

 ing his.life to the fervice of James, and requelted his father 

 tc prefent him to the tint; for that purpofe. The revolution 

 fucceeded, and being poueilcd of neither intereft nor confi- 

 rferahle fortune, he lived in literary retirement. Duringthis 

 period his dramatie works were chiefiy compofed and afted. 

 The firft of thefe was " The Gallants," faid by himfelf, by 

 way of apology, to have been written at an age when fome 

 pcrfoijs .are but beginning to fpell. This was iifterwards 



G R A 



brought forward in a more corrcft form, under the title of 

 •• Once a Lover and always a Lover." His tragedy of 

 »' Heroic Love,'' founded on the fable ef Homer's Iliad, 

 was aftcd the fame year with great applaufe from tlie w its 

 and critics. On this occafion he was complimented in a 

 copy of verfes from the pen of Drv-den. When queen 

 Anne came to the crown, Mr. Granville emerged from the 

 politi«al obfcurity in which he had lived : his fortune was in- 

 creafed by the death of his father, and that of his uncle, 

 who left him an annuity. He was now elefled a member of 

 parliament for the borough of Fowcy, and feeling the com- 

 mon ardour of his countrvmen of all parties againft the an-» 

 bition of Lewis XIV., he joined other literary perfons in a 

 tranflation of the Philippics of Dcmollhenes, to roufe 

 the nation to oppofe the Philip of modern times. By the 

 death of his elder brother fir Bevil Granville, in 1706, he 

 Succeeded to a good eftate, and he continued to ferve in 

 parliament, fitting as knight of the fliire for the county of 

 Cornwall. On the change of adminiilration in 1710, he was 

 appointed fecretary of war in the room of fir Robert Wal- 

 pole. He married in the fame year Mary, the daughter of 

 the earl of .Terfey, then widow of Thomas Thynne, efq. 

 Shortly after this he was introduced into the houfe of peers 

 by the flyle and title of lord Landfdown, baron of Bidde» 

 ford, at the memorable creation of twelve peers, in one day, 

 vi%. December 31, 1711. '7'he elevation, however, of 

 lord Landfdown was not one of tliofe which appeared very 

 extraordinary, as two peerages had become extinft in the 

 Granville family. On account of his principles and con- 

 duft he flood high in favour of the queen, who made him a 

 privy counfellor, comptroller and treafurcr of the houfehold j 

 but the acceflion of George I. put an end to the power of 

 his party, and deprived him of his place. He remained 

 fteady to his former connections, proteiling againil meafures 

 which he deemed unconllitutional, and in conlequence of his 

 zeal he w-as regarded with a fufpicious eye, and was reckon- 

 ed by people in power as a difaffccled man. Upon the 

 breaking out of the rebellion in 1715, he was committed to 

 the Tower, and kept confined in that fortrefs till February 

 17 1 7, when he obtained his liberty and refumed his feat in 

 the houfe of lords. In 1719 he oppofed with violence the 

 propofed repeal of the bill to prevent occalional conformity ; 

 his fpeech on the lubjeft he afterwards printed. Subfequent- 

 ly to this a derangement in his private affairs, owing to the 

 want of economy, obliged him to fpend fome years on the 

 continent. During his abfcnce, the firll volume of bidiop 

 Burnet's " Hiftory of his own Times,'' making its appeai-- 

 ance, lord Landfdown undertook the vindication of the duke 

 of Albemarle and the earl of Bath, from fome afperfions 

 thrown upon them in that work. He alfo took occafion to 

 vindicate his great uncle, fir Richard Greenville, from the 

 unfavourable reprefentations of his conduft by lord Cla- 

 rendon, and archdeacon Echard. On this occafion he pub- 

 lilhed two trafts in 1732. In the fame year he publilhed a 

 fplendid edition of his works, leaving out a comedy, which, 

 on account of its licentioufnef?, had been objeftcd to, and he 

 alfo omitted to infert his fpeech againil occafional conformity. 

 He now felt reconciled to the meafures of government, and 

 to the change in tlie fuccefiion, which formerly he had re- 

 garded with horror. He went to court, and was graciouf- 

 ly received by queen Carohne, to whom he prefented his 

 works, with fome elegant lines written in a blank leaf. He 

 died Jan. 30, 1735, in his 64th year. In private life, lord 

 Landfdown was amiable, polite, and canihd. He was libe- 

 ral in patronizing literary merit, and had the credit of being 

 one of the firll to recognize the rlfing powers of Pope, who 

 repaid him fior his kindnefs by his dedication of Windfor 

 1 Forea, 



