G R A 



Foreft. His own talents, as a poet, were not of the firft 

 order, but Lis works are ftill read with pleafurc. He is 

 chiefly known as a writer of amatory pieces, moll of which 

 are addrefTcd to Myra, the countefa of Newburgh, the ob- 

 ject of his youthful pafTion. I'liefe are not cither highly 

 poetical nor ihongly exprcfiive of feeling. Johnfon 

 charafterizes his " Elfay on unnatural Flights in Poetry,' 

 as polTeirmg didactic merit, and his " Britifh Enchanters,'' 

 as Kvely and pleafing. He feems to think favourably like- 

 wife of his epilogues and prologues. Biog. Brit. Johufon's 

 Lives of the Poets. 



Grasvillp;, in Geography. See Gaasdville. 



Granville, a county of North Carolina, in Hillfbo. 

 rough diftricl, S. of Virginia, containing 14,015 inhabitants, 

 of whom 6106 are flaves. Its chief town is Williamlburg. 

 — Alfo, a townfliip of the county of Annapolis, in Nova 

 Scotia, N. of Annapolis river, on the bay of Fundv, ■^o 

 miles long ; firft fettled from New England. — Alfo, a town- 

 (hip of Hamplliire county, Maffachufetts, about 14. miles 

 W. of Springfield; incorporated in I754, and containing 

 23C9inliabitants. — Alio, a poft-townin Wadiington county. 

 New York, containing 3 1 75 inhabitants. 



Granville, or GreenvUle, a flourilliing town in Meck- 

 lenburg county, Kentucky. 



Granville' .s River, a river of the ifland of Egraont, 

 or New Guemfey, which runs into the fea, S. lat. 10° 42'. 

 E. long. 163^ 5S'. 



GRANULATED On.. See Oil. 



GRANULATION, in C/ji'/;«//r), an operation perform- 



G R A 



proportion of arfenic, which being reduced to S metallic 

 Itate.by means of greafe llirred >n during thf fufion, renders 

 It Icfs fluid. An oblong fliallow vefTel of iron, perhaps 10 

 inclics wide, 14 lorig, and 2\ deep, called a " Card," whofc 

 bottom IS pierced with holes proportionate to the fize of the 

 ihot, IS placed at the height of from one to fliree inches 

 over the furface of a tub of water, covered with a thia film 

 of oil. The card is previouny heated to the temperature of 

 the metal, by immerging it in the cauldron ; and a ilratum of 

 lott drofs or fcorix, found on the furface of the fufod 

 alloy, IS then placed on its perforated bottom, and bcinn- 

 flightly prelTed down with the ladle, forms a kind of filte^ 

 which partly chokes up the apertures, and prevents the me- 

 tal from flowing through them in continuous ftreams. The 

 fufed metal is then poured by lad!e-fuils into this vcfTel, and 

 appears, notwillillanding, to run through it withconfiderable 

 velocity ; fo that it feems ditficiilt to believe, that it falls in 

 feparate drops, till one is convinced by taking up a quantity 

 of fhot from the bottom of the water. The imperfeaions 

 to which this fliot IS fubjert, are n-medied in the patent (hot, 

 the manufacture of which differs from that of the preceding 

 kind, m tlie addition of a larger portion of arfenic, wliich 

 vanes according to the quantity of the lead, in dropping it 

 from fuch a height, that it becomes folid before it enters the 

 water, which is from 40 to 100 feet. Belides, it is firll dried 

 and fifted. It is then loiirded, which confills in fcatteriii-r it 

 on feveral pohfued (labs, or trays of hard wood, with rimtin 

 the form of a n, except that the fides converge towards the 



. . I*^"-" part, to which a night inclination and alternate motion 



ed on metals, whereby they are reduced into Imall grains or in their own planes are given by boys employed in the m?nu. 



"'"''"'^ fadui-e. The fliot, whole form is imperfeft, are dctefted bv 



thc lluggilbnefs of their motion, and remain behind, whilll the 

 others roll off from the board. The laft operation is the po. 

 hllimg ; which is performed by agitating the (hot with the 

 addition of a ver^- (mail quantity of black-k-ad, not exceed- 

 ing two fpoonfuls to a ton, in an iron vefTel, turning on an 

 horizontal axis, like a barrel churn. It does not appear that 

 any higher degree of perfection than that wliich is thus at- 

 tamed remains to be deferied. The argentine brilliancy of 

 the (hot when newly made, the beautiful accuracy 0/ its 

 form, and the curious inllance of inanimate tactics which 

 it prefents when fcattered on a plate, renders it even an 



globules. 



It is done by melting them, and when in fufion, calling 

 them from a certain height into cold water ; in which they 

 congeal into granules, as required, and are hereby rendered 

 more eafy to be diffolved. The bell way is to pour the 

 fluid metal through a cullender, or a new birchen broom, or 

 to agitate the water with a broom, thus giving it a circular 

 motion while the metal is poured in. Copper is granulated 

 for making brafs in a cylindrical wooden rufervoir, four or 

 iivre feet deep, in which a circular brafs or copper bottom 

 may be raifed or lowered by means of a chain. The refer- 

 voir is covered with a copper lid, in the middle of which is a 

 hole half a foot in diameter, intended to receive an iron ladle 

 pierced with holes and coated with clay. The relervoir 

 being filled with water, the melted copper is poured through 

 the holes in the ladle into the water ; where it is bi-oken by 

 its fall into fmaller drops or grains, rendered folid by the 

 cold water, and coUedled in the moveable bottom, which is 

 raifed by the annexed chain, that the granulated copper may 

 be taken out. Macquer, Diet. Chem. Eng. edit, art 

 Brafs. See Brass. 



Lead, tin, and brafs, which are very brittle, when they 

 are 10 hot as to be almoll fufed, may be granulated by pour- 

 ing them, in a Hate of fufion, into a box, the inner lurface 

 of which is rubbed with powdered chalk, and by fliaking 

 the box : the metals in the box are no fooner become folid, 

 and confequently very brittle, than they are (hivered, by 

 being dafhed againll the fides of the veffel into a fine dull. 

 Silver and gold, and tiie more tenacious metals, mull he 

 granulated in either of the firtl methods above-mentioned, 

 with water. Cramer, Art of AiT. p. 70. 



The term granulation is alfo applied \.q gun-po-wder : which 

 fee. 



The granulation of common fowling (hot confills merely 

 in caufing the fufed metal to fall in equal fpherical drops into 

 Water. The lead is melted with the addition of a fmail 



Nichoifon's Journal, 



agreeable objeft of contemplation, 

 vol. I. 410. 



Granulation-. In Surgery, granulations are the fniall 

 eminences of new animal matter, with which the cavities of 

 fores and wounds become filled up in the proeefs of healing. 

 Granulations, according to Mr. Hunter, are formed by an 

 exudation of the coagulating lymph from the velTels, into 

 which new fubllance the old veffels very probably extend at 

 the fame time that entirely new ones are generated in it. 

 Hence granulations are exceedingly valcular, perliaps more 

 fo than almoll any other animal lubllance. Mr. Hunter in- 

 forms us, that he noticed upon a fore a white fubllance, ex- 

 acUy fimilar in ewry vifible rvfpcd to coagulating lymph. 

 He did not attempt to wipe it off, and the next day of 

 drelling he found this ven,- fubll.?nce vafcular; for, on touch- 

 ing it with a probe, it bled freely. He obferved the fame 

 appearance on the furface of a bone that had been laid bare. 

 He once fcra-ed off fome of the outfiik of one of the boms 

 of the foot, in order to fee if the furface would granulate. 

 Tlie following day ho remarked, that the fcraped part was 

 covered with a whitilh fubllance, having a tinge of blue. 

 When he palTed his probe into it, he did not feel the bono 

 bare ; but only us refillance. He conceived this fubll.-uice 

 was coagulating lymph, tlirown out in confequerce of in- 



flamraation, 



