G R A 



e-- till 



G R A 



time is ufually- counted by quaTers, in grave', bv- 



tits received. This is a virtue in which the Egyptians pr t , j - - t^ , - , • 



tended to excel all the reft of mankind. See Egypt. crotchets. Orave, Ital. and^rawmt;;/, I'rench, not only ln>. 



GRATIUS, in Bw^raphv, a Roman poet, furnamed ply a flow time, but a certam ^/awO' m the execution. 



'--- '• cus, was a contemporary of GuAVE, in Geography, a ilrong town of Brabant, be 



Biography, 

 from the place of his birth Fahfc , ■ j- v i, 



Virgil. They are both mentioned by Ovid in a fingle dillurh. 

 The work by which this author is known, and for which he 

 tlaims a {hort notice, is entitled " Cynegeticon," or the Art 

 of hunting with Dogs. It was entirely unknown to the 

 moderns till it was 1 

 1534. This learned editor p 



brought to light by Paul Manutius in from Wheeling 

 d editor printed it from a MS. copy this creek is a 



longing to Holland, lituated in a marfliy country, on the 

 S. iide of the Meufe ; 34 miles S.E. of Utrecht! N. lat. 

 51 46'. E. long. 5 41'. 



Grave Creek, a creek on the Ohio in Virginia, 12 miles 

 " N. lat. 39 46'. W. long. 80 ^^'. Near 



mound of earth, evidently the work of art, 

 broiTaht bv'Sannazaro fromFrance." It is faid to be written called an Indian grave. Although no tradition remains, 



with a purity not unworthy of the Auguftan age. The 

 beft edition is that of Lcip'fic 1659, 4to. with notes. It 

 has been printed in the colkaion of " Rei Venatica; Scrip- 

 tores,"' 1728, and in Mattaire'o " Corpus Poetarum." Gen. 



^'"K- ,. 1 ■ • 11 



GRATTAN, in Agriculture, a term applied provmcially 



in fome iituations to fiich arable lands as are managed under 



a commonable Hate. But in other places, as in Cornwall, 



it is'employed to lignlfy the mowing of grafs the hrlt year, 



after the jTronnd has been manured with fea fand ; which is 



an operation that they denominate movying in grattan. 



ilubbles of common fields are '' ^ ^ *" 



The 



GRATZ, or GuAZ, in Geography, a town of the duchy 

 of Stiria, on the river Muehr ; containing feveral churches 

 and convents, an arfenal, a caltle on a rock, and an univerfity 

 founded in 1585. In this town is held the alfcmbly of the 

 Aates ; and in 1784, it was erected into an archbiftiopnc on 

 the fuppreffion of that of Goritz. It is furrounded by walls. 

 The French took it in 1797 ; 70 miles S.S.W. of Vienna. 

 N. lat. 47" 10'. E. long. 15 16'. — Alio, a town ofSileiia, 

 tailed alio NraJetz, in the principality of Troppau, iltuatcd 

 en the Mora ; four miles S. of Troppau. N. lat. 49 47'. 



E. long. 17 50'. m 1 ■ 



GR ATZEN, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Beclun; 

 37 miles S.S.E. of Bechin. N. lat. 48 47'. E. long. 14 



GRAVA Sele, a town of Naples, in the Bafilicata ; i j 

 miles E. of Venofa. ^ .r 1 



GRAVATTEN, a town of Pruffia, on the Cunich 

 iNerung ; 20 miles S. of Memel, 



that the Indians buried their dead in this manner, thefe 

 mounds, on examination, have been found to contain a 

 chalky fubftance, fuppofed to be bones of the human 

 kind. 



Grave Harmonic, in Mufic, is a phenomenon thus de- 

 fcribed by the late Dr Robifon : " The reinforcements of 

 found, which are called beatings, are noifes. If any noife 

 whatever be repeated with fullicient frequencv, at equal 

 intervals, it becomes a muiical note of a certain determinate 

 pitch. If it recurs 60 times in a fecond, it becomes the note 

 C-fa-ut, or the double odtave below the middle c of our harp- 

 ali'o frequently called fichords, or the note of an open pipe eight feet long. Now 

 there is a iimilar (we may call it the very iame) reinforce, 

 ment of lound in every concord. Where the pulle of one 

 found of the concord bifeclsihe pulfe of the otlier, the two 

 founds are more uniformly fpread ; but where they coincide, 

 or almoft coincide, the condenfation of one undulation com- 

 bines with that of the otlier, and there comes on the ear a 

 ftronger condenfation, and a louder found. This may be 

 called a iioife; and the equal and frequent recurrence of this 

 noife fhould produce a miilical note. If, for inftance, c and 

 a are lounded together ; there is this noife at every third 

 pulfe of c, and every iifth pulfe of a ; that is, 80 times in 

 a fecond. This fhould produce a note which is a 12th 

 below c and a I7tli below a; tliat is, the double oftave 

 below f, which makes 320 vibrations in a fecond. That is 

 to fay, along with the two notes c and a of the concord, 

 and the compound found which we call the concord of the 

 Vlth, we fliould hear a third note FF in the bafs. Now 

 this is known to be a fact, and it is the grave harmonic ob- 

 ferved by Rameau and Tartini about the year 1754, and 



GRAUDENTZ, a town of Pruffia, in the palatinate of verified by all muficians fince that time." 



Culm, on an ifland near the Viitula; anciently called Grodek; Mr. .John Gough gives the following account of grave 



14 miles N E. of Culm. N. lat. 53'' 28 . E. long. 18 28. harmonics. "When two founds are heard in concert, the 



GRAVE, in Grammar, a fpecies of accent oppofite to vibrations producing them are arranged in cycles, no one of 

 acute. The grave accent is exprefild thus ('); and fliews 



which continues for a longer or fliorter time than the relt ; 



and their effedt is perceived by the ear, which becomes 



For when each cycle of a fcries. 



feniible of their prefence. 



feparateiy coufidered, exceeds the twelfth part of a fecond, 

 the fenfe ot hearing recognizes each point of diviiion made 

 by the coincidence of the vibrations which feparate the con- 

 this circumltance enables the fenfe to con- 



tiguous cycles 



that the voice Ts to be depreffed, and tlie fyllable over which 

 it is placed pronounced in a low, deep tone. 



Grave, in Mufic, is applied to a found which is in a low 

 or deep tone. 



The thicker the chord or ftring, the more grave the tone 



ornote, and the fmallerthe acuter. _ . 



Notes are fuppofed to be the more grave, in proportion template thefe periods apart, and comprehend their origin. 



as the vibrations of the chord are lefs quick. See Gu.V- On the contrary, when the duration of a cycle belonging to 



•VITY in Mii/ic. ^ compound feries does not exceed the twelfth part of a 



Grave is alfo an ingredient in the compofition of divers fecond, the interval proves too fmall to be meal'ured by the 



terms in hiilory and policy. Thus we fay land-grave, burg- car : it therefore efcapes notice in a feparate Hate ; for the 



grave, marg-grave, pah-grave, &c. points of divifum recur too frequently to be obfervcd. 



The word, in this fenie, is formed of the German ^/-./, When the auditory organ finds itfelf in circumltances 



fisnifying comes, count ; called in the barbarous Latin gruvlo anfwcring to the preceding defcription, it lias bi.t one 



xmi vraphlo. method to purfue ; which is, to treat thefe derivative in- 



GiiAVE is alfo ufed for a tomb, wherein a pcrfon defundt tervals in the iam.e manner it treats all periods, which are 



is interred. ''"Sb' '°° im3^\ for its comprchenfion ; it therefore reduces 



Grave, Ital. (pronounced graavay) an adverb applied them to a fimple niufical found, correfponding in pitch to 



to flow movements in the feci nd de^-ee, more quick than a ftring which vibrates once in the time of each fucceffive 



ttdaglo, and more flow than large. In adagio nieT;nicntf, cycle. A grave harmonic is on this account always a lower 



note 



