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i»r before they are removed into tlie open air for the fummer ; 

 but it may be occationally done in autumn, as in Aviguft or 

 the beginning of September, in time to llrike fredi root 

 before winter. In the work of fhifting, each plant (hould 

 be drawn out of its pot or tub with the ball of earth about 

 its roots entire, then all the dry matted fibres round the out- 

 iide of the ball pared off and cleared away, alfo, feme of 

 the old earth at the fides, bottoms, and tops : then having 

 the new pots and frelh earth ready, the holes at the bottoms 

 of the pots fiiouIJ be covered with pieces of tiles or oyfler- 

 flicUs, and fome of the frelh earth put in ; placing the plant 

 in the pot, and filling up the vacancy all round with more 

 frelh comport, bringing it an inch over the top of the ball, 

 giving a good watering to fettle the earth cloie in every 

 part ; after this, it is necefiary to place the plants to have 

 ihade from the mid-day fun for a week or fortnight, and 

 fometimes longer. 



All fucli plants as are become of a weak fickly nature 

 (hould, at Ihifting, have all the earth taken clean from about 

 their roots, having them waflied, and then planted into 

 entire frelh earth properly prepared for them. 



And the larger forts of plants, fuch as the orange-trees, 

 lemons, citrons, American aloes, and others of fiinilar 

 growth, Jhould be fliifted, when large, from pots into tubs 

 hooped with iron, having two iron handles at top, as 

 tjjferved above, for the convenience of lifting them in and 

 out of the green-houfe, as they fometimes grow to fo large 

 a fi/.e as to require two and fometimes three or four men to 

 move them. 



But all fuch plants as are not fhifted annually fliould, in 

 fpring, have the earth in the tops of the pots or tubs loofened 

 to a little depth, alfo, a little way down round the fides, 

 taking the loofened earth out ; and in its fiead adding a 

 quantity of frelh mould, giving it direttly a Httle water to 

 lettle it clofe. This fliould never be omitted when ne- 

 ceffary. At any time when the furface of the earth is 

 obferved to be ftiff, whether in the fliifted or unlhifted 

 plants, it is of much fervice to ftir it an inch in depth occa- 

 iionally, and add a little frefli compoft when neceffary to 

 the plants. 



And the mould or comport into which the plants are to 

 be fliifted is of confiderable importance. The beft is ob- 

 tained from commons where flieep and cattle pallure, parti- 

 cularly in low places, where the fincft grafs grows and the 

 foil is deepeft. A foot of the top foil with the turf fliould 

 be taken off, and, if a fandy or hazel loam, it will do 

 alone ; but if a llrong loam, fome fand and black peaty, 

 boggy, or moorifli foil lliould be added. Such foils 

 Ihould be laid in a heap fix winter months or more, and 

 frequently turned over. Some plants, as aloes, mefembry- 

 anthemums, ixias, and exotic liliaceous plants in general, 

 require a foil which is a degree lighter, and which does not 

 retain the water, but lets it pals readily. A little coal- 

 aflies at tiie bottom of each pot is ufeful in this view as well 

 as others. 



Moll of the ericas, or heaths, and other beautiful plants 

 from the Cape of Good Hope, from America, and Botany 

 Bay, delight and flourifli in this fort of earth, which comes 

 nearell to their native foil : thus, the lieaths like a black 

 peat or moorifli foil ; and the others, that which is made a 

 degree ftrosger, with loamy earth intermixed with it. 



It is neceflary to keep the heads and every part clean 

 from dull and other filth, by occafionally wafliing with 

 water all the forts, which in moll is done by waterings 

 over tlieir heads ; but in others, wheh very foul, by wafli- 

 ing their leaves with a fponge and water, efpecially in winter. 



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This is often neceffary to t}ie oranges and lemons, and other 

 large-leafed kinds of plants that have been mentioned. 



Where the heads of any of the flirubby kinds are become 

 very irregular or fhabby, the branches may be pruned 

 fliorter or longer, as neceffary, in the early fpring months. 



And where any of the principal exotics aflume a declining 

 flate, fuch as oranges, lemons. Sec. or have thin, Itraggling, 

 weakly heads, or are apt to drop their leaves, it is proper 

 either to fliift them wholly, or apply fome frefli earth to 

 their roots, aiVd then prune the heads moderately clofe iii 

 the early fpring, plunging them in a bark-pit under glafTes. 

 The heat of the bark -bed fo greatly revives their growth, 

 that they break forth into many ftrong new flioots, and form 

 handfome renewed full heads iu the fummer feafon. 



While in the green-houfe, fome plants drop all tlieir 

 leaves, either by the effetls of cold or over-watering, or 

 fometimes by being kept too long in too dry a Itate, as fre- 

 quently occurs iu myrtles and geraniums, and fometimes 

 oranges, lemons, ar.d otliers ; in which cale it is proper in 

 the fpring to prune the heads, fliortening the long Itroujr 

 flioots and branches, and to fliift them with balls into frefli 

 earth, or, if not fliifted, to loofen the earth in the tops 

 and fides of the pots, drawing out the loofened mould, and 

 fupplying the place with frefli. They afterwards foon pufli 

 forth into young flioots and leaves, and renew their heads 

 with verdure. Sometimes myrtles, geraniums, &c. in this 

 Hate, when headed, may, on being brought forth in the 

 fummer, be drawn out of the pots, and plunged in the 

 ground in a flieltered lituation, and watered in dry weather ; 

 when they will fend their roots into the full earth and break 

 forth ftrongly at top into young wood and foliage, and form 

 full heads, being then re -potted with balls of earth to the 

 roots. 



But the heads of green-houfe plants fliould never be 

 chpped with garden-fliears, nor, by any mode of pruning, 

 trimmed into any formal figure, as fometimes pratlifed ; but 

 every fort be let aflume its own natural growth, only juH 

 ufing the knife to regulate any very irregular or rambling 

 flioot or branch, or to thin out fome where too much 

 crowded, and to cut out the dead i\'Ood they may contain 

 in any part of them. 



GREENLAND, in Geogi-aphy, comprehends a penin- 

 fula generally allowed to be attached to North America, 

 and a number of detached iflands, fituated in high northern 

 latitudes ; the former is called IVt/l or 0/</ Greenland, and 

 the latter Eujl or Netu Greenland, and more commonly 

 Spitzbergeji. 



ll^cft or Old Greenland, is now generally believed to be a 

 peninlula, connected in its north-wcftern parts, hitherto 

 unexplored, with America. The reafons alleged for fup- 

 pofing that the N. W. fide is contiguous to America, and 

 adually attached to it are the following : Davis's flrait, 

 or Baffin's bay, it is faid, becomes narrower and narrower 

 towards 78 N. lat. ; the coaft: alfo, which in other jilaces 

 is very high towards the fea, gradually lowers northward ; 

 and the tide, which at Statenhook, and even as far as 

 Cockin's found, in tlie 65tli degree, riles iS feet at tlic 

 new and full moon, decreafes fo much in the north above 

 Difko, that in the -otli degree it does not rife much above 

 eight feet, and probably lofts itfelf entirely at lall. Hence 

 captain Baffin gave up all hopes of findiiig a pafliige into 

 the South feas through Davis's ftraits, and confequently 

 concluded, that Greenland joined with America. The 

 Greenlanders report, though much dependance cannot be 

 laid upon their information, that the llrait at lafl becomes 

 fo narrow, tliat they can approach the other fide fo nearly, 

 as to be able to call to the inhabitants, and ihike a lilh 



from 



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