G R E 



forvations in September 1676, ar.J did ampk jufiiff lo liis 

 appointment, tlioiigli walking in an alnioll uiitrodikn path, 

 ^nd not having, till 1689, l!ie advantage of a mural quad- 

 rant, and even then not I'licli as is now in ufe, but one con- 

 trived by himfelf. He died in December 1719, and was 

 fucceeded by Dr. Halley, wlio tixed a tranlit inftniment, 

 and had a new mural quadrant of eight feet radius, con- 

 llrucled by Graham. On the death of Dr. Halley, in 

 1^42, Dr. Bradley was appointed: in his time very valu- 

 able additions were made to the inllruments at the obferva- 

 tory. Dr. Bradley, dying in 1762, was fucceeded by Mr. 

 Blifa, wlic.fe deceafe, in 1 764, made room for the advance- 

 ment of Dr. Mafl?elvne, the prefent aftronomer royal, •who 

 has difplayed eminent ability in his htuation. Since his ap- 

 pointmen", the obfervatory has been furniihed with an ex- 

 cellent achromatic telelcope, of forty-fix inches, focal length, 

 with a treble objett glafs, &c. by Dollond; and the whole 

 atlrononiical apparatus has been greatly improved by Dol- 

 lond, Nairne, and i\rnold. The obfervations made by the 

 aihonomer royal have been, fnice 1767, publifhed annually 

 under the infpeftion of the Royal Society, who have the 

 power of vifiting the obfervatory every year, to fee that the 

 inllruments are kept in proper order. 



The church at Greenwich is dedicated to St. Alphage, 

 archbiihop of Canterbury, who is faid to have been killed 

 by the Danes on its fcite : it is one of the fifty new churches 

 erected in the reign of queen Anne ; the old church having 

 become fo ruinous by lapfe of time, that the roof fell in 

 about midnight, November 28, 17 10. At the end of the 

 town is the duke of Norfolk's college, for the maintenance 

 of 20 decayed houfekeepers. Here is alfo an hofpital for 

 20 poor perfons, founded by Mr. Lambarde, author of tlie 

 " Perambulation of Kent," and called queen Elizabeth's 

 college. There was a convent of friars at Greenwich, found- 

 ed about the time of Eduard IV. For many years here 

 ■\\as a confiderable powder magazine, which, after repeated 

 application to parliament by the inhabitants, was removed 

 to Purfleet in EfTex-, ,n 1760. 



The population ol Greenwich, a? returned under the late 

 ait, was 14,339: the number of houfes 2,121 ; many of thefc 

 are handtome buildings ; the llreets are irregular, and tlie 

 whole town is interfered by the iiofpital and its precincts. 

 Fairs for three days are held at F'aller and \Vhitfuntide ; and 

 veil fupplied markets every ^Vcdnefday and Saturday. 

 J.yfcms's Environs of London, vol. iv. Beauties of England 

 and Wales, vol. vii. 



Ghlknwk'ii, a towiifhip of America, in Hampdiire 

 county, Maflachufetts, incorporated in 1754, and contain- 

 ing 1,460 inhabitants ; 20 miles E from Northampton. — 

 Alfo, a townfhip in Gloiicellcr county, New .lerfey, on the 

 E. bank of Delaware river, oppofite to Fort Mifflin ; 6 

 miles S. E. of Philadelpliia, — Alfo, a townlbip in Sufi'ex 

 county. New Jerfey, on the E. fide of Delaware river, in a 

 mountainous country, 31 miles S. W. of Newton ; it con- 

 tained, in 1790, 2,035 inhabitants.— Alfo, a town in Cum- 

 berland county. New Jtrfoy, on the N.W. bank of Co- 

 hanzy creek, about 3 miles from its mouth, in Delaware 

 bay, containing about 80 houfes and a Friends' meeting- 

 houfe ; 66 miles S. by W. from Pliiladelphia. — Alfo, a 

 maritime and poft-town in Fairfield county, Connecticut, 

 40 miles E. of New York, and containing 3,147 inhabitants. 

 — Alfo, a town in Wafhmgton county, New York, on the 

 E. bank of Hudfon's river. At the faw -mills of this town 

 much bitfinels is done. 



OftKENWicil, Eaf}, z poft-town, and the chief townfliip 

 in Kent county, Rhode ifland, diftnnt 16 miles S. fro-.-i 

 Providence, and containing 1,775 iuhaljjtwiits. It i#gUidcs 



G R E 



a nietting-lioufe and a handfome court-ltoufe ; and tliougli 

 its commerce is much reduced, it derives advantage from its 

 filheries, and fends fome veffels to the Well Indies. It is 

 fituated on the N. W. part of Narraganfet bay. It is 

 noted for it good cyder, and formerly raifed tobacco for 

 exportation. 



GREENWOOD, a townfhip in Cumberland county, 

 Pennfylvania, having 724 inhabitants. — Alfo, a towndiip 

 in MitBiii county, in the fame ftate, containing 969 inha- 

 bitants. 



GnKICN' woon.s, a large foreft of (lately pines in Litchfield 

 county, Connecticut, covering part of that county, and 

 clothed in a green bearded mofs, which gives to the whole 

 a gloomy, wild, and whimiical appearance. 



GREES, a river of Ireland, in the county of Kildare, 

 which flows by the pretty town of Ballitore, and joins the 

 Barrow ; 6 miles S. from Athy. 



GREESA, a town in Algiers; 30 miles E. S. E. of 

 Tiffelh. 



GREGARIOUS BiRDS.are fuchas do not live folitarlly, 

 but affociate in flights or coveys, a great many together in 

 company. 



GuEGARIocs, in GeoUgy, is applied to fuch reliquia or 

 extraneous foffils, found imbedded in the llrata, as are con- 

 grcgated a great number of the fame fpecics together, which 

 very commonly is the cafe, particularly in calcareous 

 rocks. 



GREGGIA, in Botany^ fo named by the late Dr. So- 

 lander, in comphment to Mr. John Greg, a gentleman long 

 refident in Dom.inica, the correi'pondent of Ellis, Garden, 

 and other naturaliils of his day. He lent many plants to 

 Kew and other collcftions, and returned to England about 

 the year 1784, dying fome years afterwards, at his feat 

 near Hampton Court — Gxrtn. t. 33. (Myrtus Gregii ; 

 Swartz. Ind. Occ. 896. Ait. Hort. Kew. vol. li. 159. 

 Mart. Mill. Dift. v. iii.) See Myrtl'S. 



GREGOIE, or Gkf.bou, in Geography, a fmall ifland 

 of Africa, in the river Jacquin, about a league from the fea, 

 on the Gold Coall, where the European nations have fac- 

 tories. 



GREGORIAN Calexdar. See Calendar. 



GliEtiORlAN Chant. See Chant. 



Gkkgorian Code. See Code. 



Gregori.w Epocha, is the epocha, or time, whence the 

 Gregorian calendar or computation took place. The year 

 l8lois the 228th year of the Gregorian epocha. 



Grkgoriax Notes, in Ecckftajlual Mufic. In the Romiili 

 milTals, breviaries, antiphonaries, and graduals, only four lines 

 are ufed in the notation of the chants ; with two clefs, the 

 bafe and tenor, or thofe of F and C, which are removable ; 

 and two kinds of notes, the fquare and the lozenge ; the 

 firll for long fyllables, and the fecond for fliort. In fome 

 modern French miffals a third fpecies of note is ufed, gene- 

 rally at a clofe ; this is fquare with a tail added to it, and is 

 of longer duration than either of the other two. However, 

 the Italians feldom ufe any other than fquare notes in their 

 canto fermo, nor did the French, in their more ancient 

 books. 



Thefe characters are not fuppofed to have been invented 

 by St. Gregory, nor were they in life till many ages after 

 his lime ; but iince their invention, having been appropriat- 

 ed chiefly to the purpole of writing ecclefiallical chants in 

 the antiplionary of that pontiff, they obtained the appellation 

 of Gregorian notes. 



(^tKEgorian Tear. See Year. 



GREGOKIO dc Pua-tQ Fiejo, in Ceop-«J'hj, a diHriA 



and 



