P U T 



P U T 



preferve the water from putrefaftioii, two pounds oi good 

 tjuicklime are direftod to be added to each cade of water of 

 ;i hundred and twenty gallons. To free the water after- 

 wards from the lime with which it has been impregnated, it 

 is to be drawn off into a ilrong calk, containing about lixty 

 gallons, with an aperture at one end large enough to admit a 

 vellel, which is to be let down into it by means of firings, 

 and which contains a proper quantity of cffervefcent mate- 

 rials, that is, of marble or chalk, and vitriolic acid. Eight 

 ounces of mild calcareous earth, and ilx ounces of llrong 

 vitriolic acid, will be fufficient for fixty gallons of hme- 

 water. The mouth of this lall vcdel ic to be (lopped with 

 a tubulated Hopper, through which the fixed air, let loofe 

 from the marble, pafles up through the body of the water. 

 The lime is thus rendered infoluble, and is foon precipitated 

 in the form of an impalpable powder of chalk ; the water 

 being thusreitored to the fame Hate of purity as when it was 

 firll (liipped on board ; or, at Mr. Henry believes, to a Hate 

 of ftill greater purity ; feveral hard waters having, in confe- 

 qucnce of this procefs, been rendered as fo(t as rain water, 

 and freed from different impregnation. For farther particu- 

 lars, and the defcription and drawing of an apparatus for 

 this operation, fee Henry's Account of a Method of pre- 

 ferving Water at Sea, &c. p. lo, &c. 1781. 



PUTRESCENT Matters in ^griculiun; fuch fub- 

 ftances as are ia a Hate of putridity. V.inous materials of 

 this kind are capable of being made ufe of by the farmer. 

 It has been lately fuggefted by Dr. Hunter, of York, in a 

 paper in the third volume of the Farmer's Magazine, that 

 different materials of this nature may form a fubllitute for 

 the folding of fheep. 



The trouble and expence of keeping a flock of iTieep for 

 the purpofe of folding, may probably be avoided by forming 

 large ponds, lo conllrufted as to receive and hold water. 

 Into thefe ponds let drains from the llables, cow-houfes, ox- 

 Halls, pigeon and walh-houfes be diredled ; and, in order to 

 enrich the water, let all kinds of vegetable and animal fub- 

 Hances be thrown in, particularly the contents of the ne- 

 ceffaries and flaughter-houfe. It is prefumed, that this 

 putrid water, when put upon the land by means of water- 

 carts, will prove as beneficial as a flock of fheep kept for 

 the exprels purpofe of folding ; and where no fheep are 

 kept for that purpofe, fuch will prove an excellent manure 

 for meadow land. A pond of fixty feet diameter, by fix feet 

 deep, which will contain upwards of 700 hog&eads of water 

 and putrefcent bodies, may be equal in its effefts to a con- 

 fiderable fold of Hieep. The putrefcency of the water may 

 be greatly increafed, by occafionally fupplying the ponds 

 with the refufe of fifh, and fea-weed, where they can be 

 conveniently procured ; and in all places within a reafon- 

 able diHance of fea-ports, where (hips are employed in the 

 Greenland fi(hery, tlie farmer will find a feafonable fupply 

 of putrefcent matter by the purchafe of the whale blubber, 

 after the od has been taken from it. Such is the Hrength 

 of the laft named fubHance, that it is well worth the 

 farmer's while to be at the expence of carrying it in caflis 

 to a confiderable diHance, for the purpofe of giving vi- 

 gour to his compoH dunghills. The ancients were fcru- 

 pulouQy nice in the formation of their dunghills ; and it is 

 a reproach lo the prefent race of farmers, that fo material 

 a branch of their bufincfs (hould, at this day, be fo imper- 

 feftly knovi'n or attended to. And in many large cities, 

 and efp;c;ally Edinburgh, it would be a great improve- 

 ment, if a well-GonHrudled refervoir was made to receive the 

 •excrementitious matter, the bafon being occafionally re- 

 pleuifhed with earth and fmall ruhbilh. In this manner, 

 jnanj- thoufands of loads of rich manure might be faved 



5 



from the fea, to which place the excrementitious matteM 

 are upon their paflage. 



PUTRID, PuTuiuus, fomcthing rotten, or putrefied. 

 See Putrefaction. 



Thus we fay, p\itrid flclh ; a putrid humour : putrid 

 limbs, i. e. mortified ones, arc to be cut off. 



Putrid D'ifeafes. See Putrid Fever, &c. 



Putrid Fcrmenl. See Fek.mkst. 



Putrid Fever, l^c. in Medicine, an epithet originating 

 in tlie chemical fchool of phyfic, in which the true ope- 

 rations and phenomena of life were miilakcn for the fer- 

 mentations and decompofitions of the laboratory. Thi') 

 miHake was probably the refult of the offenfive fmell, and 

 actual putrefadlive odour of lome of the difcharges from 

 the living body, in the lull Hages of fevere feyers ; but far- 

 ther obfervation has demonllrattd that, however the excre- 

 tions may undergo the procefs of putrefaftion after they 

 are thrown out of the living fyHem, no degree of putre- 

 faftion can cxiH for a moment in the circulating blood, with- 

 out occafioning indant death. 



The fymptoms which were formerly afcrjbed to putre- 

 faftion, but which are now believed to originate from a 

 great deficiency' of the vital or nervous power derived from 

 the brain and nervous fyftem, are fuch as occar m typhus 

 gravior, the hofpit.d and gaol fever, and in tlie worH cafes of 

 dyfentery, and fmall-pox ; among which are a black tongue 

 and mouth, extreme proHration of Hrength, fcetid evacua- 

 tions from the Homach, bowels, and bladder, hsemorrhages, 

 petechix, and purple blotches, &c. See Feveu, and 



TyI'IIU.S. 



Putrid Ulcer. See Ulcer. 



PUTRINE, m Geography, a town of Pruflia, in Ober- 

 land ; fix miles W. of Paffenheim. 



PUTT, in Rural Economy, a provincial word, applied 

 commonly in fome dillriifls to the mole-hill. Alfo, fome- 

 times to animals which put or thruH with their horns. 



Putt, or Pitne, \\\ Geography, a town of Anterior Pome- 

 rania ; eight miles S.W. of Stralfuiid. 



PUTTAN-SUMNAUT, atown of HindooHan, in Gu- 

 zerat ; near which was a famous pagoda, much venerated 

 and frequented by devotees from all parts of the country. 

 In the year 1002 this town and temple were taken by Mah- 

 mood, king of Ghizni, and plundered of their great wealth. 

 In the temple was found a Hatue, in which, on being broken, 

 wae found a vaH quantity of precious Hones. The Hindoos 

 believed that the fouls of deceafed perfons came to this 

 place to be transferred to other bodies ; 80 miles S. of No- 

 anagur. N. lat. 21° l'. E. long. 69° 40'. 



PUTTEN, Vaxder, Henry, in Biography, was born 

 at Vandloo in 1574: after fludying at tlie univerfities of 

 tlie Low Countries, he vifited Italy, and for a confiderable 

 time was profellor of rhetoric at Milan, where he took the 

 degree of doctor of laws. He was nominated hiftorio- 

 grapher to his Catholic majcHy, and received the honour of 

 citizenlhip at Rome. In 1606 he was invited to the chair 

 of Lipfius, who had been his tutor. He was alfo made a 

 counfellor to the archduke Albert, and entruHed with the 

 government of the citadel of Louvain. When a truce was 

 negotiating between the Dutch and the king of Spain, in 

 1633, he publiflied a work, entitled " Statera Belli et 

 Pacis," in which he (hewed how important a peace would 

 be to the Spanifli Netherlands. This work gave great 

 offence, and the author had nearly experienced the ufual 

 fate of thofe who counlel pacific meafures, at a time when 

 paffion, prejudice, and intereft, urge the continuance of war. 

 He died at Louvain in 1646, aee 72. Befides his " Statera," 

 mentioned above, he pubhflied " Hiltoria Infubrica ;" 



" OrcheHra 



