PYRETHRUM. 



numerous, tubular, funnrl-fhaped, with five fpreading feg- 

 ments ; thofc of the radius more than 12, female, ligulate, 

 elliptic-oblong, tlircc-toothod. Slam, in the pirkdt florets. 

 Filaments five, capillary, very (hort ; anth'rs united into a 

 cylinder, hardly fo long as the corolla. J'i/l. Germen, in 

 all the florets, obovatc ; ilyle thread-lhapcd, longer than 

 the llameus ; lligmas two, divaricated, abrupt. Perk. 

 none, the calyx remaining unaltered. Seeds nearly alike in 

 all the florets, oblong, quadrangular, each crowned with 

 an ereift, membranous, more or lefs lobed border. Recept. 

 naked, dotted, convex. 



Efl^. Ch. Receptacle naked. Seeds crowned with a mcm- 

 branons margin. Calyx hemifpherical, imbricated with 

 fharplfh fcales, bordered with a membrane. 



Seftion I . Radius ivh'Ue ; rarely reddifli. 



1. P. frutefcem. Shrubby Feverfew. Willd. n. i. 

 Ait. n. 1. (Chryfanthen.um frutefcens ; Linn. Sp. PI. 

 1251. Lcucanthemum canarienfe, fapore pyrethri ; Walth. 

 Hort. 31. t. 24. Buphthalmum canarienfe leucanthemum ; 

 Pluk. Almag. 73. Phyt. t. 272. f. 6.) — Stem {hrubby. 

 L-eaves flefhy, pinnatifid, linear, toothed ; three-cleft at the 



extremities Native of the Canary iflands, from whence it 



was brought very early ; flowering in the green-houfe molt 

 part ot the year. The woody j^cw is much branched. The 

 leaves are crowded about the ends of the branches, and in 

 their flefliy texture, as well as linear forked figure, refemble 

 thofe of a Crithmum, or Artem'ijia. The jlnivers are ter- 

 minal, folitary, on long naked italks, and refemble a white 

 daify. 



2. Y . fimplic'ifolium. Simple-leaved Weft Indian Fever- 

 few. Willd. n. 2. (Matricaria ? prollrata ; Swartz Ind. 

 Occ. V. 3. 1366.) — Leaves obovate ; toothed at the ex- 

 tremity. Stalks axillary, fingle-flovvered. Branches prof- 

 trate. Gathered by Von Rohr in Cura9ao and the neigh- 

 bouring iflands. It has never been brought alive to Europe. 

 Stem herbaceous, branched, decumbent, round, downy, 

 efpecially the ends of the branches. Leaves alternate, 

 nearly fefiile, wedgc-fliaped, obovate, or roundifh, half an 

 inch long, downy, ribbeo, notched or ferrated ; moftly 

 accompanied by two minute leaves at the bafe. Stalks op- 

 pofite to the leaves, thickifli, an inch long, ercA, downy, 

 each bearing a yellovvifh-white, nearly globofe, jloiver, 

 whofe difl< is entirely yellow. Seeds crowned with a quad- 

 rangular minute border. S-wartz. 



3. P. ptarmicifoHum. Goofe -tongue Feverfew. Willd. 

 n. 3. Ait. n. 2. — Leaves linear, finely ferrated. Flowers 

 corymbofe. — Native of mount Caucafus. Sir Jofeph Banks 

 fent it to Kew in 1803. Willdenow defcribea this as pe- 

 rennial, with the habit of AchUlea Ptarmica, only the 



Jloiuers are twice as large. The Jlem is branched, either 

 ereft or decumbent. Leaves au inch long, very finely and 

 (harply ferrated. Corymbs terminal, limple, the ftalks 

 fingle-flowered. Radiant Jlorcts ovate. Crown half the 

 length of the feed. 



4. P. ferot'inum. Creepuig-rooted Feverfew. Willd. 

 n, 4. Ait. n. 3. Purfli n. i. {Chi-yfanthemum fero- 

 tinum ; Linn. Sp. PI. 1251. ,Jacq. Obf. fafc. 4. 8. t. 90. 

 Bellis americana, procenor, ferotina, ramofa, flore am- 

 pliflTimo ; Pluk. Almag. 65. Phyt. t. 17. f. 2.) — Leaves 

 lanceolate ; the lower ones ftrongly ferrated ; the upper en- 

 tire. Branches corymbofe. — Suppofed to be a native of 

 North America ; but Michaux has it not, and Purlh merely 

 faw a fpecimen in Mr. Lambert's herbarium, probably, like 

 that of Linnjeus, from a garden. The plant was cultivated 

 by Miller, and is a hardy perennial, fluwering in Oftober or 

 later. Its jlem is herbaceous, two or three feet high, much 

 branched, leafy, furrowed and angular. Leaves alternate, 



ftilile, two or tliree inches long, and half an inch wide, en- 

 tire or fparingly ferrated in th' upper parts of the ftem, but 

 molUy furniflud, in our fpecimen, with a fharp tooth on 

 each fide at the bafe, which we do not find mentioned by 

 authors. T\\i; Jloiuers arc terminal, folitary, much like our 

 common Chryfanthemum Leucnnlhtmum, but rather fmaller. 



5. P. ullginofum. Bog FeverfvW. Willd. n. 5. Waldft. 

 et Kitaib. Hungar. — "Leaves lanceolate, all deeply fer- 

 rated. Stem ereft, branched at the top." — Native of wet 

 ground in Hungary and Spa'ii. Perennial. Very nearly 

 akin to thelalt, but different in having all the leaves deeply 

 ferrated throughout, and \.\\ejler,i branched at the top only. 

 WUld. 



6. F. ffallerl. Hallerian Feverfew. Willd. n. 6. (P. 

 n. 97 ; Hall. Helvet. v. i. 41. Leucanthemum alpiiium 

 teiiuifolium ; Barrel. Ic. t. 458. f. 3 ?) — Stem-leaves Ian- 

 ceolate, deeply toothed ; radical ones pinnatifid, on long 

 Italks. Stem fingle-flowered. — Native of th'' Swifs alps, in 

 llony places. The roots are creeping, black, long and 

 flender, with very long fibres. Stems folitary, fimple, leafy, 

 afcending, three or four inches high. Leaves Imooth ; the 

 lowerm.olt fliort, wedgc-ftiaped, deeply pinnatifid, on long 

 ftalks ; the uppermoft fellile, deeply and ftiarply toothed, 

 an inch or more in length. Flowers folitarv, Italked, ter- 

 minal, large ; the calyx-fcales bordered with black ; the 

 radiant florets broad and elliptical. The above figure of 

 Barrelier feems to accord better with our Swifs fpecimens 

 than fig. 2. cited by Haller and his copyifts, except that 

 the upper leaves in fig. 3. are too narrow. 



7. P. alpinum. Alpine Feverfew. Willd. n. 7. Ait. 

 n. 4. (Chryfanthemum alpinum; Linn. Sp. PI. 1253. 

 Leucanthemum alpinum; Chif. Hill. v. i. 335.) — Lower 

 leaves wedge-fliapcd, pinnatifid; uppermoft In.eir and en- 

 tire. Stem fingk-fluwered.— N.5tive of the German, Swifs 

 and Italian alps. The creeping roots throw out mai:y fhort 

 tufted leafy _y?fnu, each bearing en. long tim'^Xi Jloiuer-Jtalk, 

 downy in its upper part, and furnifhed below with one, two, 

 or more, alternate, fimple, linear, entire floral leaves. The 

 reft of the foliage is ftalked, pinnatifid, fomewhat peftuiate ; 

 the fegments elliptical, cnlire, fmooth, rather flefhy ; 

 each leaf, with its flat llalk, an inch or more in length. 

 Tht: Jlowcr IS large, much like the lalt. 



8. P. Balfamita. Coftmary -leaved Feverfew. Willd. 

 n. 8. Ait. n. 5. (ChryfanthL-mum Balfamita ; Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 1252. Jacq. Obf. fafc. 4. 8. t. 89. Leucan hemum 

 orifntale, cofti hortenfis folio; Tourn. Cor. 37.) — Leaves 

 ovate-oblong, l.rrated, auricled. Flowers corymbofe. — 

 Native of the Levant ; rare in our gardens. Mr. Black- 

 burne is faid to havt cultivated it in his celebrated coll-ftion 

 at Orford about 35 y^ars ago. The habit of this fpecies is 

 fo much like Common Coftmary, J'c.-.acttiwi Balfamita of 

 Linnaeus, that one cannot help fulpecting they are mere 

 varieties of each other. The prefence of a radius, in the 

 plant before us, is known, by the examples of Bidens and 

 Coreopjis, to be no infalhble diftinftion. There is indeed 

 the membranous crown of the feed, as Willdenow remarks, 

 which makes this a Pyrethrum, not a Chryfanthimmn ; but 

 fuch belongs to Tanacetum, and confirms i^ur fufpicion, or 

 rather our belief, that the prefent is but a radiated variety 

 of the Coftmary. The radius is about twice the length of 

 the calyx, white, not yellow, as Linnaeus feems to defcribe it. 



9. Y.palujlre. Marlh Feverfew. Willd. n. 9. (Leu- 

 canthemunT orientale, chryfanthemi folio, tanaceti odore ; 

 Touni. Cor. 37.) — "Leaves fmooth, ieflile, lyrato-pinna- 

 tifid. Stalks fingle-flowered, corymbofe." — Native of 

 marfliy places in Armenia. Tourmfort. — Stem ereft, fur- 

 rowed, fmooth, two teet high. Leaves an inch or inch 



and 



