J^YRMONT WATER. 



more oil of vitriol ; or more water, if neither of thefc pro- 

 duce the defired effefts. 



The ingenious Mr. Magclhui has ftill farther improved 

 the contrivance of Dr. NoothandMr. Parker ; he has two 

 fets of the veflels B and C. While he is fhaking the air and 

 water contained in one of thefe fets, the other may be re- 

 ceiving fixed air from the veffcl A. By this means twice 

 the quantity of water may be impregnated in the fame time. 

 He has a wooden (land K {Jig. 3. ) to fix the velTels B, C on, 

 when taken oft from A, which is very convenient. He has 

 a fmall tin trough for mcafuring the quantity of chalk or 

 marble requifite for one operation, and a wide glafs funnel 

 for putting it through into the veftel A, to prevent its 

 flicking to the fides, as mentioned before. 



and kept hollow by means of a fpiral wire pafling through 

 its whole length ; a conical brafs ])ipe E, with a (top-cock 

 fallened to the tube D ; another conical pipe F, witii a (top- 

 cock G, into which the end of the tube E i8 accurately 

 ground, fo as to be air-tight, and cutting off all communi- 

 cation with the atmofphere when the pipe E is removed ; 

 two large hog's bladders H, H, each of which ought to 

 hold two quarts; a Itop-cocii I, to prevent the water rifing 

 into the bladders, when the vefi'el A is agitated ; a blad- 

 der K, tifd to the crooked tube with the (top-cock L, 

 which occafionally opens or (huts the communication with 

 the veffel B ; a glafs funnel M, accurately fitted with the 

 glafs Hopper N ; an aperture O, fitted with a glafs ftopper 

 or a lilver cock, from which the impregnated water is to 



He has alfo contrived a (topple without a hole, to be ufed be drawn for ule ; and, laftly, the tube P opening into the 



occafionally, inftead of the perforated one p. It has a kind veffel A. When this apparatus is ufed, let the veflel A be 



of bafon at the top, to hold an additional weight when ne- filled with pure water, and any other ingredients that are 



ceffary. (See^^. 4.) The ftopple mull be of a conical required, in a proper proportion ; into the veflel B put as 



figure, and very loofe ; but fo exaftly and fmoothly ground much marble or whiting, in fmall lumps, as will cover its 



as to be air-tight merely by its preflure, which may be 111- 

 creafed by additional weights put into its bafon. Its ufeis to 

 comprefs the fixed air on the water, and thereby increafe the 

 impregnation : for by keeping the air on the water in this 

 comprefled Hate, the latter may be made to fparkle Hke 

 Champaign. And if the velfels are ftrong, there will be no 

 danger of their bnrfting in the operation. 



bottom to the height of about two inches, and pour in 

 water to the height reprefented by the dotted line ; let the 

 mouth of the ve(fel A be well fitted with a cork, and through 

 a hole in the cork pafs the tube P, putting upon the cork 

 melted fealing-wax of the iofteft kind, or modelling-wax, 

 fo as to make the whole air-tight. Tlie modelling-wax 

 may be procured at the engravers, or it may be prepared 



If the vedels be fuffered to (land fix or eight hours, the by adding to half a pound of melted bees-wax, two ounces 



water will be fufficiently impregnated even without agitation. 

 But by employing the means above defcribed, it may be done 

 In as many minutes. 



The water thus impregnated may be drawn out at the 

 opening k. But if it is not wanted immediately, it \\\\\ be 

 better to let it remain in the machine, where it has no com- 

 munication with the external air. Otherwife the fixed air 



of tallow, and one ounce of Venice turpentine : to this 

 mafs add a fufficient quantity of red lead, or Spanifh brown, 

 to give it a colour, and let the mixture be (tirred till it is 

 cold : let the mouth of the veffel B be (lopped with a piece 

 of mahogany, turned into a conical figure in a lathe, and of 

 a fize fomewhat larger than the mouth of the glafs will ad- 

 mit ; put this piece of wood into melted bees-wax, and heat 



flies off by degrees, and the water becomes vapid and flat ; as the wax till the wood begins to grow black: when cool, 



alfo happens to other acidulous waters. But it may be kept tur i it again till it fits the mouth of the veffel : the tubes 



a long time in bottles well fl;opped,efpecially if they are placed C, L, and M, are fitted into holes bored through the wooden 



with their mouths downwards. ' (topper, previous to its being immerfed in the wax : pufh 



Mr. Blades of Ludgate-Hill has ftill farther improved this thefe tubes through the holes, and prefs the ftopper into 



apparatus, by changing the ftopple at h for a glafs cock, the orifice of the veffel B, and cement the whole with feal- 



vvhich is more convenient. He has likewife altered the ing or modelling-wax : Ihut the ftop-cocks I and L, having 



middle veflel B into a form more advantageous for the im- 

 pregnation. See Jig. 5. 



For Dr. Hulme's method of impregnating water with fixed 

 air, we refer to his " Safe and eafy Remedy for the Stone," 



previoufly prefled the air out of the bladder K ; open the 

 flop-cocks G and E ; then fqueeze the air out of the blad- 

 ders H, H, and afterv^'ards prefs the conical pipe E into 

 the pipe F: pour about a large ipoonful of oil of vitriol 



&c. 1778 : obferving, that he merely mixes the folution of tliroughthe funnel M, and ftop it with its ftopper N. The 



fixed alkaline fait and water, containing as much vitriolic acid 

 as he finds neceffary, a priori, for neutralizing the alkali, and 

 expelling from it all its fixed air. 



Dr. Withering, of Birmingham, has lately contrived a new 

 apparatus for impregnating water with fixed air, which, he 

 fays, is preferable to that in common ufe, becaufe it can 

 be made at lefs expence, and is more eafily prepared ; be- 

 caufe the whole quantity of fixable air produced is con- 

 verted to ufe, without any wafle of the vitriolic acid ; 



fixable air let loofe by the effervefcence in the veffel B, 

 rifing through the tube C, paffes into the bladders H, H, 

 and diftends them. In this cafe open the flop-cock I, and 

 froin the aperture O draw out about a quart of water ; 

 and the fpace before occupied by the water w'-iA be filled 

 with fixable air, which foon begins to be abforbed by the 

 remaining water, and is ftill fupplied from the bladders 

 H, H, and from the" effervefcing mixture in the veffel B. 

 When tlie bladders are confiderably coUapfed, more vitriolic 



becaufe it impregnates three times the quantity of water acid muft be added through the funnel M, fo that they 



at one time, more completely and with lefs trouble; and 

 the impregnated water will always retain its virtue, if the 

 joints and cocks of the machine are made perfeftly air- 

 tight ; for whi:h purpofe they fhould once a year be fup- 

 I plied with a fmall quantity of unfalted lard. J'his appa- 



may be always kept pretty fully diftended. When an im- 

 pregnation is fpeedily required, turn the ftop-cocks at G 

 and E, and open that at L ; then feparate the pipe E 

 from the tube F, and agitate the veflel A ; the fixable 

 air will pafs into the bladder K, and may be prefled into 



ratus is exhibited in Jig. 6, and confifts of a glafs veflel A, the two other bladders, when the parts of the apparatus 



about ten inches high in the cylindrical part, and fix inches are united. During the agitation, the Hop-cock at I fhould 



and a half in diameter ; another glafs veifel B, about twelve be clofed, and open only occafionally to fupply out of the 



inches high in the conical part, one inch and a half in the bladders H, H, the fixable air abforbed by the water. If 



neck, and five inches in diameter at the bottom ; a copper a ftrong impregnation be required, this procefs fhould be 



pipe C pafling through the ftopper of the veflel B, and tied carried on in a room, the heat of which does not exceed forty- 



faft in the flexible tube D, made of ftrong leather, air-tight, eight degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer. Dr. Withering 



obferves, 



