PYRMONT WATER. 



obferves, that the impregnated water receives no talte from 

 the bladders : and that if tlie vefl'el A with its impremiatcd 

 water be feparatcd from the vefl'el 13, at the conical part- 

 ing E F, it may be inclofed in a pyramidal mahofjany 

 cafe, out of the lower part of which the filver cock at 

 O projcfts ; and thus ferve for an ornamental as well as 

 a luxurious and falubrious addition to the fide-board, parti- 

 cularly in the fummer and autumnal feafons. 



Mr. Henry has dofcribed a method of impregnating water 

 in large quantities with fixed air, fo as to give it^the pro- 

 perties of mineral water, for the ufe of the ficlc on board 

 of fhips, and in hofpitals. He has given the following ac- 

 count of his apparatus and procefs for xhis purpofe. Cut 

 ofFthetwoextremitiesof a calf's or pig's bladder/, {fg. 7.) 

 and having previoufly moiftened them, into one end infert 

 the top of the tubular Hopper e, round the neck of which 

 it is to be clofely fattened with (trong thread. Into the 

 upper end introduce the part g of the long bent tube /;, 

 and tie them round in tlic fame manner. The pipe ^ mull 

 be pafTed through a hole formed by a hot iron borer, in a 

 large cork adapted to the orifice i in the cade B B, hold- 

 ing about ten or twelve gallons, to which it mull be ce- 

 mented : and the length of the pipe from this point muil be 

 fuch as to reach within a few inches of the bottom of the 

 caflt B B, which is to be completely filled with frefli water, 

 or fuch as has been recovered from lime. See PuTKt:- 

 FACTION of Water. 



To a quantity of mild calcareous e.irth and water, placed 

 in the air-velTel C, add a fmall portion of ftrong vitriolic 

 acid, and by the time moll of the commoh air may be fup- 

 pofed to be expelled by the fixed air arifing from the mild 

 calcareous earth, add a larger quantity of acid, and put- 

 ting the tubulated Hopper e in its place, the bladder / will 

 become inflated. Prefs it gently till its fides coUapfe ; 

 and then introducing the pipe h h, with its cork, iuto the 

 orifice i of the cade B B, again prefs the air forward, as 

 it dillends the bladder into the water cade, where, bubbling 

 up through the water, it vi'ill rife to the furface, and by 

 its preflure, force the water to afcend into the funnel k, 

 which is to be cemented into the iiead of the cade at /. 

 In proportion as the water in the cadi becomes impregnated 

 with fixed air, that in the funnel will return into its place ; 

 but if, at any time, the latter fhould rife fo high as to be 

 in danger of overflowing, a quantity of air may be let out 

 of the water caflj, by means of the fmall plug at m. And 

 this is neceiiary to be done, occafionally, to difcharge the 

 refiduum of the fixed air, which is not foluble in water. 



If the operation be required to be performed more ex- 

 peditioufly, it may be quickened by agitating the water 

 caflc. To do this, the tubular ilopper e mufl; be with- 

 drawn from the air-veffcl, and fupported, together with the 

 bladder, by an aflillant, while the cade B B is fhaken. 

 During this time another tubular Hopper muil be put iuto 

 the air-vell'el, and it may be immerfed into a quantity of lime- 

 water to prevent walle. When the agitation has been con- 

 tinued for fome minutes, in proportion to the falling of the 

 water in the funnel, replace the ilopper attached to the 

 bladder / in the air-veflel when taken out of the lime, 

 water, and proceed as before, repeating the agitation oc- 

 cafionally. 



During the procefs, additional quantities of vitriolic acid 

 may be introduced into the air-velTcl through the opening at 

 d, which is to be, at all other times, carefully fecured with 

 its ilopper. 



By this procefs, fixed air may be imparted to wine, beer, 

 and almoil any hquor whatever. And when beer is become 

 flat or dead, it wUl be revived by this means ; but the deli- 

 cate agreeable flavour, or acidulous talte communicated by 



the fixed air, and which is manifefl in watc-r, will hardly be 

 perceived in wine, or other liquors, which have much laile of 

 their own. 



The artificial mineral waters thus made, are more pleafant 

 to the taile than the natural Pyrmont or Seltzer waters ; 

 which, befides their fixed air, contain faline particles of a 

 difagreeable taile, which are known to contribute little or 

 nothing to their medicinal virtues, and may, in fome cafes, 

 be hurtful. They are likewife coniiderably ilronger. Ac- 

 cording to fir Jolin Pringle, thefe waters may be made more 

 nearly to rcfemble genuine Pyrmont water, by adding to 

 each pint of them from eight to ten drops of tinftura 

 martis cum fpiritu falls. Or this may be done, by adding 

 to the water in the middle vedel B {Jig. 2.) in the pro- 

 portion of about thirty grains of Epfom fait, ten grains 

 of common fait, a fcruplc of magnefia alba, and a drachm 

 of iron filings, or iron wire, clean and free from rult, to one 

 gallon of fpring water, and impregnating the whole with 

 fixed air in the manner already defcribed. Let them re- 

 main till the other ingredients, and as much of the iron as 

 is neceflary, are diffolved, which will be in two or tliree 

 days ; or the magnefia may be omitted, and then the opera- 

 tion will be finiihed in lefs than half that time. Thefe 

 waters may be rendered ferruginous or chalybeate very 

 eafily, by pfitting in the middle veliel two or more flender 

 phials, filled with cuttings of fine iron-binding wire, or with 

 Imall iron nails ; becaufe the impregnated water will difiolve 

 the iron fo fail, as to become well faturated with it in a few 

 hours, according to the experiments of Mr. Lane. But the 

 method of rendering thefe artificial waters chalybeate, ufed 

 by Dr. Hulme, is to add one grain of fait of fteel to each 

 pint (fixteen ounces) of water already impregnated with 

 fixed air. 



The difcovery of an eafy method of impregnating water 

 with fixed air is of great importance ; as it is now well 

 known that fuch water is a very powerful antifeptic, or 

 that it both refills and corrects putrefadlion. It is, there- 

 fore, given with great fuccefs in putrid fevers, in the fea- 

 fcurvy, in dyfenteries, in mortifications, and in other dif- 

 orders arifing from a putrid caufe, or attended with pu- 

 trefatlion, a draught of it being taken now and then, or 

 even by way of common drink. But the ingenious Mr. 

 Bewly has invented a ilill better method of exhibiting fixed 

 air as a medicine. He directs a fcruple of alkahne fait to 

 be diifolved in a fuihcient quantity (a quarter of a pint, or 

 lefs) of water, which is to be impregnated with as much 

 fixed air as it can imbibe ; this is to be drank for one dofe. 

 Mr. Bewly direfts it to be prepared in larger quantities at 

 a time, and calls it his mephitic julep. If immediately 

 after it a fpoonful of lemon juice, mixed with two or three 

 fpoonfuls of water, and fweetened with fugar, be drank, 

 the fixed air will be extricated in the llomach ; and thus a 

 much greater quantity of it may be given than the fame 

 quantity of water alone can be made to imbibe. Fixed air 

 afts as a corroborant ; and, therefore, may be given with 

 fuccefs in weaknefs of the ilomach, and in vomitings arifing 

 from that caufe. It has alfo been given with fuccefs in tne 

 Hone, and in nephritic complaints. When the lungs are 

 purulent, fixed air, mixed with the air drawn into the lungs, 

 has repeatedly been found to perform a cure. The bark 

 alfo may be given with advantage in water impregnated 

 with fixed air, as they both coincide in the fame intention. 

 Fixed air may be applied by means of a f)Tinge, funnel, or 

 otherwife, to inflamed brealls, putrid ulcers, mortified parts, 

 ulcerated fore throats, and has been found in fuch and fimi- 

 lar cafes to have very remarkable efficacy. It may alfo be 

 given internally at the fame time. In putrid dyfenteries, 

 and in putrid ilools, fixed air may be given by way of clyfter. 



Ferment- 



